Growth conditions of Toona sinensis
Toona sinensis likes light and warm and humid climate conditions, and grows well in deep and fertile sandy loam. Its growth and development are suitable for cultivation in low hills, flat land and dry-hot valleys with annual average temperature 10~ 13℃ and annual average rainfall of 700 ~ 3300mm. It can also be planted in roadside, courtyard and other Kugaji. It can be cultivated by rooting or sowing. Let's learn how Toona sinensis is raised and cultivated.
Cultivation techniques of Toona sinensis
First, raise seedlings
1, soil preparation
Preparation and fertilization should be made before Toona sinensis seedlings are raised. Choose a plot with flat terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, abundant sunshine and convenient drainage as a seedbed, turn the plot over, and then apply calcium superphosphate in the ditch, 50 kg per mu. Create good soil conditions for the growth and development of Toona sinensis. After fertilization, harrow the ground to make a border, the width of the border is1~1.2m, and the length is 20 ~ 30m. Just level it and wait for sowing.
2. Seed treatment
Seeds should be treated and soaked before sowing to promote the early germination of Toona sinensis seeds. Soak Toona sinensis seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 24 hours. After the seeds are fished out, they are mixed with sand according to the ratio of 1:4. According to the situation, appropriate amount of water can be discharged, and the proportion of water discharge should be mastered by hand and held into a ball. Then put the seeds into woven bags prepared in advance, put them in a warm place of 20~25℃ to accelerate germination for a week, and water them 1 time every day to improve the germination rate.
Step 3: sow.
About one week after accelerating germination, the seeds can be sown when the buds grow to 1~2 mm, and the sowing time is generally from the end of March to the beginning of April, when the daily minimum temperature is 1~5℃. When sowing, the germinated seeds are evenly scattered in the seedbed on the whole seedbed. Each mu of land needs about 2 kilograms of seeds, and it is enough to cover the soil 1~ 1.5 cm after sowing.
water
It takes about 15~20 days to germinate after sowing. After germination, it can be watered according to the drought situation, generally every 7~ 15 days. If the seedbed is dry, water should be poured every 2~3 days to maintain the water supply of the seedlings.
Step 5 weed
In the process of seedling growth, if weeds are found to grow, weeding should be done in time to facilitate the growth of seedlings.
6. Transplanting and seedling fixing
With the growth of seedlings, when the seedlings grow 2~3 true leaves, they can be transplanted and fixed. Before fixing the seedlings, gently dig them out with a small shovel. When pulling out seedlings, be careful not to hurt the roots of seedlings. After digging it out, gently shake off the plastic film and put it neatly in the seedling pot, and you can set the seedlings. According to the plant spacing of 20 cm and the row spacing of 30 cm, the seedlings are fixed and watered in time after the seedlings are fixed.
7. Post-seedling management
In order to make Toona sinensis seedlings grow well and vigorously, it is necessary to apply fertilizer once combined with watering about 50 days after transplanting, and apply 15 ~ 20kg diammonium phosphate per mu to accelerate the growth of seedlings. In the process of seedling growth, attention should be paid to loosening the soil and weeding in intertillage.
In the middle and late August, when the seedlings of Toona sinensis grow to about 1 m, the wettable powder of 1500 times of the solution of 15% paclobutrazol can be sprayed once to accelerate the lignification of seedling branches, enhance the cold resistance and ensure the safe wintering. After this work is completed, the seedling raising work is basically completed.
Planting can be carried out in the spring of the second year after seedling raising, that is, around mid-March. Choose healthy and disease-free seedlings when raising seedlings, and leave as many roots as possible to survive. Pay attention to soil, seedling and watering when planting, and then enter post-planting management after a little shaping.
Second, post-implantation management.
1, scarifying and fertilizing
After planting, with the growth of seedlings, scientific management should be carried out in time. Loosening and weeding can loosen the soil, increase air permeability and adjust soil temperature, promote the decomposition of nutrients in the soil and help the roots of seedlings absorb them. During the growth of Toona sinensis, fertilization should be timely, usually in the middle of June after planting.
At this time, Toona sinensis enters the rapid growth period, and the growth of Toona sinensis seedlings can be accelerated after fertilization. Generally, soil and miscellaneous fertilizers are applied, and 5000 kg is applied per mu. After fertilization, turn the soil and miscellaneous fertilizers into the soil to facilitate the absorption of seedlings. Toona sinensis is afraid of waterlogging If it is not particularly dry, don't water it often.
Step 2 pick your heart
After the seedlings germinate, select a strong branch for trunk culture and remove all other side branches. When the branches grow to 70~80 cm, they are pulled out and cultivated into seedlings with 2~3 short branches. When the main branch grows to 20~25 cm, it will be pulled out again to promote the lignified growth of seedlings.
3. Selection method
Toona sinensis can be picked after two years of planting, and the suitable picking season is from late March to late April every year. Generally, two crops are harvested, and the second crop is harvested about 15~20 days after the first harvest. The first batch of Toona sinensis buds were picked before and after Qingming Festival in Grain Rain, especially in Grain Rain.
It is best to pick it before sunrise in the morning, because if the branches of Toona sinensis are afraid of the sun, it will be too late to pick it again, and the wound will not heal easily. The suitable harvesting length of Toona sinensis buds is15 ~ 20 cm. At this time, the collected Toona sinensis buds are tender and fiber-free, with good taste and quality, which can be regarded as the top grade of Toona sinensis buds.
When it comes to picking the buds of Toona sinensis, the most common picking method is to break the buds. That is, when the bud is about to germinate, the whole bud is broken from the bud base of the bud. Leave less bud moss when picking, so that the base of bud moss can split into leaves. About 20 days after picking, when the new buds grow to more than 15 cm, the second crop can be picked, and generally two crops can be harvested continuously.
Step 4 cut it short after picking
After the second crop of Toona sinensis buds are picked, the Toona sinensis tree should be cut short. At this time, the new root system has developed and has the ability to absorb underground nutrients. Cut off the trunk at 40 cm above the ground, generally leaving 4~5 buds to promote dwarfing development.
The cultivation and management of Toona sinensis in the open field is relatively simple. Under the suitable climate and soil conditions, it can survive with a little management, but the economic benefits are good, and interested farmers can give it a try.