Handan, an ancient city, has a long history. As early as 7, years ago, the ancestors of Cishan Mountain set a splendid civilization here. According to relevant records, Handan has only been built for more than 3, years, and it has risen and fallen several times, but its name has not changed, especially after liberation, in just a few decades, Handan relied on its own blog. Handan was promoted from a county-level city to a big city today. The development of the city has created convenient conditions for the mutual integration, research and promotion of Handan culture in various periods. Magnetic mountain culture, Taiji culture, Dream culture, Northern Dynasties culture and Sui, Tang and Song cultures have all been excavated, studied and publicized to varying degrees, and Handan has been fully displayed. Let the world know Handan, understand Handan, enter Handan, develop Handan and study Handan.
Studying Handan means studying from different fields. The origin of Handan place names has also become a research topic for some experts and scholars.
In fact, the discussion on the origin of Handan place names has never stopped since ancient times, but it is only intermittent, unsystematic and disconnected. Let's list several representative statements below.
The place name of Handan was first seen in Biography of Guliang in the Spring and Autumn Period: "Weaving a sound canal in Handan, never defending it for life". That is to say, in 546 BC, there was civil strife in the country of Wei, and Wei Xiangong killed the doctor Ning Xi for some reason. Ning Xi's partner Wei Xiangong's younger brother Guo fled the country and came to Handan. This is the earliest record of Handan in historical documents.
There is also a record of "Yiguan Dune Garden Platform" in Historical Records Yin Benji. A Textual Research on the Historical Records of Justice by Zhang Shoujie in Tang Dynasty, citing the Annals of Bamboo Books, said: "Since Pan Geng moved to Yin for 253 years, he did not move to the capital. When he was a little bigger, he was away from Chaoge in the south and Handan and sand dunes in the north, all of them left the palace." It means that when Pan Geng, the ancestor of Zhou Wang in Shang Dynasty, moved his capital to Yin (now Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan Province) and went to Zhou Wang, the Yin Dynasty perished and never moved his capital again for 253 years. During the Zhou Wang period, the capital city was gradually expanded, reaching Chaoge (now Qixian County, Henan Province) in the south, Handan and sand dunes in the north, and the Palace of Separation was built everywhere. The reign of Yin Zhou Wang was in the 11th century BC, which shows that the place names of Handan existed as early as 3 years ago.
The origin of Handan's name is explained by Zhang Yan, the annotator of Hanshu: "Handan Mountain is under the East City. Single, do also. The city wall is from the city, so it adds a cloud. "
An expert in modern times explained the origin of Handan's name as: There is a mountain in this city called Hanshan. Handan got its name from this.
Another modern scholar explained the origin of Handan's name as follows: the edge of the word Han is the reverse of Dan. The sun rises above the horizon; And the day is not over the horizon. The sun never crossed the horizon, but the sun's brilliance crossed the horizon, indicating that the sun is about to rise. On the edge of the word "Dan", there is a fertile field on the horizon, and the two points above Tian Zi symbolize the lush millet and grass growing in the field. Next to the word Handan, it symbolizes the prosperity of the population and the flocks of cattle and sheep on this land. In a word, the sun is about to rise in Handan, and the sun shines on this fertile land with prosperous population and flocks of cattle and sheep.
the author thinks that the origin of their names is nothing more than geographical features, landmark buildings, animals and plants, wishes and ideals, names of important people, surnames and so on.
Named after geographical features, such as Daodongbao, Daoxibao, Xihepo Village, Donghepo Village, Shanqian Village and Shanhou Village; Named after landmark buildings, such as Tadong Town, Taxi Town, Yanan Village, Yabeizhuang, etc. Named after animals and plants, such as Xinghua Village, Taoyuanzhuang, Shiziling and Laohupo; Named after wishes and ideals, such as Shunhe Village and Heping Village; Named after important people, such as Zuoquan County and Luocheng Village. Of course, there are others named in other forms, so I won't list them here. Personally, I think Handan, like Shijiazhuang and Zhangjiakou, is named after the surname.
Although we can't find the name Handan among the hundreds of surnames now, there used to be the name Handan, which is a compound surname. In the past, everyone had not only a surname, but also a surname. Surname and surname are two different things. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, surnames and surnames have been merged into one, and some have inherited surnames as surnames. Others will inherit the surname as the surname. For example, according to relevant data, the surname of Wu is now, and in the past, it was Ji and Shi Wu. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, this branch has been divided into two parts, one is surnamed Ji; A surname, surnamed Wu; There are also many compound surnames that have been taken apart to inherit; At the same time, many surnames have evolved into other surnames and passed down. As for the specific name of Handan, it is still unknown whether it moved to other places, or split it into surnames as people say, or evolved into other surnames. But there is no doubt that Handan was originally a compound surname.
In the Past, written by Ban Gu, Han Danchun was described. In the Book of Surnames in the Past, written by Wu Xiawang and Ding Da-da, the description of "Han Danchun" in the Past is as follows: "Handan, whose name is Chun, is Zishu. Handan has a compound surname. Wei ren, who is good at eight-body writing, proofreads the stone classics, remembers the elegance and elegance, and says the meaning of the text, and refers to the words, and the book breaks the clouds. Han Danchun learned about work in eight styles, studied under Cao Xi, and was especially good at ancient Chinese, big seal script, eight points, and official script. Since Du Linwei's secret, the ancient prose has disappeared, and it has been written by Chun Fu. Therefore, it is certain that Handan had this surname in the past. Therefore, it is believed that the origin of Handan place names should be named after surnames.
■ The history of Handan
Handan is located in the south of Hebei Province, with 12, square kilometers and 8.6 million people, and governs 19 counties (cities). It is a famous historical and cultural city in China, an excellent tourist city in China and an important production base of modern industry in northern China. It is also a "big city" with local legislative power and a population of over one million. Handan is the capital of Zhao in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The birthplace and growth place of Qin Shihuang; In the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, Deng Xiaoping fought and lived here for six and a half years, and the second-generation leadership core of New China came out from here; After liberation, Mao Zedong has been to Handan 24 times; In Tai Ji Chuan, which is famous in the world, Yang and Wu originated here.
historical events in Handan
Zhou Wang built the Divorce Palace
When Zhou Wang built the Divorce Palace and Zhou Wang built it in Handan, it became a political activity place of Shang Dynasty. ?
Zhao Biefeng Handan
Zhao Biefeng Handan Around 551 BC, Zhao Jianzi, the direct family of Zhao in the State of Jin, belonged to Jinyang (now Taiyuan), and Zhao Sheng, the ordinary family, was Biefeng Handan. In 492 BC, Handan was also owned by Zhao of Jinyang. ?
Ximen Bao irrigation works from Zhangzhou
Ximen Bao irrigation works from Zhangzhou. In 422 BC, Ximen Bao was appointed as the magistrate of Yexian County (governing Yezhen, Linzhang County today), and 12 dikes were built on Zhangshui River, while 12 canals were opened on the south bank to irrigate from Zhangzhou, making Yexian a rich area. A hundred years later, the project of diverting Zhang and irrigating Ye was further built in history, transforming saline-alkali land into fertile rice fields. ?
Zhao Jinghou moved the capital to Handan
In the first year of Zhao Jinghou's move to Handan (386 BC), the capital of Zhao moved from Zhongmou to Handan, which lasted for 158 years. ?
The difficulty of Handan
The difficulty of Handan In 354 BC, 1, troops of Wei suddenly surrounded Handan. After one year's persistence, the state of Zhao fell to Handan, and the state of Zhao moved to other places. Soon, the Qi army implemented the strategy of "encircling Wei to save Zhao", forcing Wei to sign the "Zhangshui Alliance" with Zhao in 351 BC, and Zhao recovered the capital without ceding land, which is known as "the difficulty of Handan" in history. ?
The Battle of Ma Ling in the Qi and Wei Dynasties
The Battle of Ma Ling in the Qi and Wei Dynasties In 341 BC, Qi Weiwang sent Tian Ji and Tian Ying as generals, and Sun Bin as military advisers, and set out to save Han Wei. Wei Huiwang sent Prince Shen and Pang Juan to fight with 1, troops. Sun Bin used the strategy of "cutting the kitchen to lure the enemy" to confuse Wei Jun to chase after him day and night. When he chased him to the narrow road of Maling (now southeast of Handan's famous name), he was surrounded by Qi ambush and annihilated. Pang Juan committed suicide and Prince Shen was captured. It is a famous war example for the Warring States period. ?
Zhao Wuling Wang Hufu Riding and Shooting
Zhao Wuling Wang Hufu Riding and Shooting In 37 BC, in order to change the weak and passive situation of Zhao State, Zhao Wuling Wang reformed his clothing system, put on Hu people's clothes that are convenient for riding and shooting, established cavalry units, and adopted new tactics of riding and shooting. After the reform of Hufu riding and shooting, the combat effectiveness of the army has been greatly improved. After that, Zhongshan was destroyed, Linhu was broken, and the land was expanded for thousands of miles, thus achieving the goal of enriching Qiang Bing. This reform marks that the Central Plains has entered the era of riding war from the era of chariot fighting, which is of epoch-making significance in China's military history. ?
Dune Palace Change
Dune Palace Change In 299 BC, King Wuling of Zhao suddenly announced the abolition of the Prince's seal and passed it on to his youngest son He (namely King Huiwen of Zhao). Later, he wanted to divide Zhao into two parts, and named Zhao as the king of Zhao and Zhao Zhang as the acting king. This plan of "dividing the Wang and Zhao Dynasties" caused a struggle for power within the ruling group of Zhao State. In 295 BC, King Wuling, King Huiwen and Zhao Zhang lived in Dune Palace, and Zhao Zhang took the opportunity to launch a rebellion to kill King Huiwen. Zhao Xianggong's son rushed to surround the Dune Palace for more than three months, which led to the killing of Zhao Zhang and the historical tragedy of King Wuling starving to death in the Palace, which was called "Dune Palace Change" in history. ?
Battle of Handan
Battle of Handan In September 26 BC, after the battle between Qin and Zhao Changping ended, Qin took advantage of Zhao Guoli's emptiness and confusion, and marched into and surrounded Handan with lightning speed. After diplomatic efforts, Zhao made peace with Qin in the first month of 259 BC. In September of the same year, Qin Jun attacked Handan again. In an extremely critical situation, Zhao Sheng, the prime minister, incorporated domestic servants into the army, which inspired both inside and outside the imperial court. The soldiers and civilians in Handan were United as one enemy, rose up to resist, won the assistance of Chu and Wei, finally repelled Qin Jun's attack, and won the battle of Handan in 257 BC. ?
Qin wiped out Zhao
Qin wiped out Zhao in 229 BC, Qin Guobing split into two ways and started the war to wipe out Zhao. Wang Jian came out of Jingxingkou in the east to attack the northern part of Zhao, and came out of the north bank of the Yellow River to attack the southern part of Zhao. Under Qin Jun's fierce offensive, Zhao Youmiao, Wang Zhongqin, accidentally killed General Li Mu and destroyed the Great Wall. Soon, Qin Jun North Road broke Zhao, and the army of South Road surrounded Handan. In August of the following year, Wang Jian captured Handan, captured the prince of Zhao, and Zhao perished. ?
Wu Chen is king according to Handan
Wu Chen is king according to Handan. After the uprising in Chen Sheng and Wu Guang at the end of Qin Dynasty, Wu Chen led the Northern Expedition Army to attack Zhao. In August 29 BC, it occupied more than 3 cities including Handan. In order to get rid of the control of Chen Sheng's "Zhang Chu regime", Wu Chen accepted Zhang Er's suggestion, made himself the king of Zhao, made Chen Yu the general, made Zhang Er the right prime minister, and made Shao Sao the left prime minister. Handan became the military center of the northern anti-Qin armed forces. ?
Zhao Xie Wang Zhao and Handan City were destroyed
Zhao Xie Wang Zhao and Handan City were destroyed in 28 BC, and Zhao Wang Wuchen was killed because of internal strife. Zhang Er and Chen Yu established Zhao Xie, a descendant of the King of Zhao in the Warring States Period, as the King of Zhao, occupied the capital of northern Handan, and soon recovered Handan. Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, attacked Zhao on a large scale after breaking the rebel army. In October of that year, Zhang Han captured Handan, razed the battlements to the ground, and the once brilliant city of Handan was completely destroyed. ?
Zhang Er was sealed by the King of Zhao
Zhang Er was sealed by the King of Zhao. In 24 BC, Liu Bang ordered Han Xin and Zhang Er to send tens of thousands of troops to the east to attack Zhao in Jingxing, and defeated more than 2, troops of Zhao Xie. Water cut Chen Yu, and after Zhao Xie Xiang country, Zhao belongs to Han from now on. In 23 BC, Liu Bang named Zhang Er as the King of Zhao and Han Xin as Zhao Xiang. The following year, Liu Bang unified the whole country. So Zhao, Yan, Liang and other places were sealed, and then Zhang Er was the prince of Zhao, both of which were in Handan. ?
Liu Zhao started to seal
Liu Zhao started to seal in 22 BC. Zhang Ao, the son of Zhang Er, attacked Zhao Wang and married Liu Bang's daughter Princess Luyuan. Because Liu Bang passed Zhao and was slow to Zhang Ao, Xiang Guo was eager to murder Liu Bang, but he failed. In the first month of 198 BC, Zhang Ao was abolished as Emperor Xuanping, and Liu Ruyi, the son of Liu Bang, moved to seal the Prince of Zhao. As a result, the prince of Zhao of Liu in the Han Dynasty was sealed. ?
Liu Sui Rebellion
Liu Sui Rebellion In 154 BC, Liu Sui, the king of Zhao, joined forces with dispatch troops, the Xiongnu, to participate in the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. Han sent Qu Zhou Hou Li to make an expedition. Liu Sui stayed in Handan for seven months. Li sent water to fill the city, the city was broken, Liu Sui committed suicide, and the rebellion failed. ?
cluster fire in Zhao Palace
cluster fire in Zhao Palace In May of the first year of Lv Hou (187 BC), a fire broke out in cluster fire in Zhao Palace, which destroyed the world-famous palace buildings. ?
the battle between Liu xiu and Wang lang
the battle between Liu xiu and Wang lang. in September of the 23rd year of make a new start, Liu xiu was appointed as the general of breaking Lu. In October, I will cross the Yellow River to reach Handan, and I will leave Handan North in December. After Liu Xiu left, Zhao Jingsu, the great-grandson of Wang Jing-su, and Liu Lin falsely claimed that Wang Lang, a fortune teller, was the son of Liu Ao, the Emperor of Han Dynasty, and made him the emperor with Handan as his capital. The area north of the Yellow River is prone to submission. The following year, Liu Xiu led his troops to attack Wang Lang's regime, occupied Handan and killed Wang Lang. The Battle of Handan laid the foundation for Liu Xiu to establish the Eastern Han regime. ?
Cao Cao captured Yecheng
Cao Cao captured Yecheng, which was the center of Yuan Shao's separatist regime in the north in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the eighth year of Jian 'an (23), Cao Cao defeated Yuan Jun's main force in Liyang (now Xunxian County, Henan Province) and marched into Yecheng in the first month of the following spring. Shen Pei and Su You, generals of Yuan Jun guarding the city, held fast to the situation. Cao Jun continuously conquered Maocheng (now Wu 'an West) and Handan on the periphery of Yecheng, cut off their grain routes, and dug up water to fill the city, surrounding Yecheng for more than August. Eventually, due to the lack of food in the city, Yecheng was conquered by Cao Jun. After that, Yecheng was the political center of Cao Cao's unification of the north. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yecheng became the capital of Cao Wei's regime, the capital of Hou Zhao, Ran Wei, Qian Yan, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi, and was called the "Old Capital of Six Dynasties". ?
Gao Wei built Handan Palace
Gao Wei built Handan Palace in Wuping, Northern Qi Dynasty (576). After Gao Wei built Xiandu Garden in Yecheng (573) in Wuping's fourth year, he built Handan Palace on the site of Zhao Palace in Han Dynasty. Its scale is grand, its extravagance is extremely beautiful, and it serves more than a thousand people. ?
Emperor Wen of Sui destroyed his power
Emperor Wen of Sui destroyed his power. In 581 AD, after Emperor Wen of Sui established the Sui Dynasty, Wei Chijiong, the general manager of Xiangzhou (ruling Yecheng), joined forces with several states in dispatch troops to launch an attack. After Emperor Wen of Sui attacked Yecheng, the three-level administrative offices of Xiangzhou, Weijun and Yexian and their residents moved to Anyang, and ordered the burning of Yecheng, which lasted for more than a month. The capital of the Six Dynasties, which has been more than 4 years since Cao Wei, was in ruins. ?
Li Cunxu is a famous city
Li Cunxu was a famous city in the second year of Kaiping (98), and Li Cunxu, the eldest son of Li Keyong in Hedong (Shanxi) of Tang Dynasty, succeeded his father to the throne, that is, marched into Shandong and captured Youzhou (governing Jixian) and Zhenzhou (governing Zhengding today). In the first year of Zhen Ming Dynasty (915), Liang Jiang He Delun rebelled against Liang and Jin from Wei (Daming) and Bo (Liaocheng), and Li Cunxu entered Wei and led Wei Bo in our time. In April of the third year of Long De (923), Li Cunxu opened an altar in Weizhou to tell the emperor, and then ascended the throne. Country name Datang, year number Tongguang, capital Weizhou, all named Tokyo (name). Wei Zhou was promoted to Xingtang Prefecture in Tokyo. In October of that year, the beam was destroyed, and then the capital was moved to Luoyang and Tokyo was reduced to the vice capital. In the third year of Tongguang (925), Tokyo was changed to Yedu. Since then, Daming was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty-Beijing (142), the capital of the Jin Dynasty's pseudo-Qi, Liu and Yu regime (1127), and the Daming Road Administration in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, the city site was located in the water and moved to Aijiakou. It was the seat of Daming Mansion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Daming Road in the early Republic of China, and it was an important town in northern China for hundreds of years. ?
The Battle of Tanming Waters
The Battle of Tanming Waters In the fifth year of Tang Wude (622), Liu Heita, Dou Jiande Province, established himself as the king of Handong, with its capital? State, Gaiyuan Tianzao, occupied Hebei area. March, Li