Looks like a border collie ~ ~ ~ The information is here. Border collie is a kind of collie collie, which originated from the Scottish border. It has a strong shepherd instinct, intelligent nature, good at observing words and feelings, can really understand the master's instructions, and can drive the sheep to move or rotate through eyes. It has been regarded as a sheepdog for many years. Its biggest characteristics are intelligence, strong learning ability, high understanding, easy training, gentleness, loyalty and obedience, and its loyalty can be said to be with you. Border collie, also known as border collie, is a very clever dog breed, mainly distributed in four countries-Britain, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Through a lot of tests and research, American scientists found that the obedience IQ of border collies surpassed that of German shepherds and poodles, ranking first among more than 100 dog breeds. Although border herding originated in the17th century, until now, when many working dogs and herding dogs have reached the human heater and gradually forgotten their natural mission, border herding is still active in the wild and pasture, faithfully protecting livestock and guarding their homes for their owners. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, the figure of border shepherd has been active in European pastures, becoming the best helper for many shepherds, but the variety identification was officially named in 19 15. Therefore, the gene propagation of border grazing and its international exchange and sales are still only a short time. Because of this, there are not so many border grazing in the world. [Edit this paragraph] Border collie Skull Skull Scapula Prostate Invertebrate Chest Web Humerus Humerus Forearm Forearm Anterior Metaphyseal Segment Chest (Chester) Ribs Chest Pelvis Femoral hock Joint Knee Joint Knee Joint Posterior Metaphysis [1][ Edit this paragraph] Appearance Features American Standard 1. The shoulder height of a standard female border collie ranges from 18-2 1 inch (i.e. 45-53cm). Men's shoulder height ranges from 19-22 inches (up to about 48- 55 cm). The body length (the distance from the end of the scapula to the hip) is slightly greater than the shoulder height. The bones are strong, but not exaggerated, in harmony with the overall size of the body. The overall length, height, weight and symmetry of bone mass are all very important, which is much more important than a single feature. If you are overweight, don't mistake it for muscle or bone mass. No matter which single characteristic affects the overall balance, it will be considered a defect. 2. Head expression: smart, clever, enthusiastic and full of curiosity. Eyes: The eyes are relatively open, of moderate size and oval. The pigment around the eyes and the color of the eyes are brown; If the theme color of the body is not black, the color of its eyes will be obviously lighter. Eye pigment is a defect if it is lacking. Besides the color of mountain birds, dogs of other colors are also defective if they have blue eyes. The mountain bird dog has one eye blue or both eyes blue; One eye is blue or both eyes are blue. Ears: medium size, relatively open, semi-erect or upright. The tip of the ear points to both sides or forward. Ears are very sensitive and flexible. Head: broad, occipital bone is not too prominent. The length of the head is equal to the length of the front face. The stopping point is moderate and clear. Muzzle: short, firm and blunt, with a thin nose. The mandible is strong and well developed. The color of the nose mirror matches the theme color of the body, and the nostrils are well developed. If it looks like a truncated tone, it is a defect. Bite: The teeth and jaw are strong and bite like scissors. [2] 3. Neck body topline Neck: appropriate length, strong and muscular, slightly arched, gradually relaxed from the shoulder direction. Topline: flat, slightly arched at the back of waist. Body: Strong in appearance. The chest is deep and the width is appropriate, indicating that the chest volume is excessive. The depth of the chest can reach the elbow. The expansion of the ribs is also good. The waist is moderately deep, muscular, slightly arched and without lifting. The hips gradually lean back. Tail: low position, medium length, coccyx extending to hock joint. There is a washed vortex at the end. When you concentrate on the task, your tail is lowered, so that you can keep your balance. When excited, the tail can be raised as high as the back. 4. Forelegs Seen from the front, the bones of the forearms are very developed and parallel to each other. Viewed from the side, the ankle is slightly inclined. The angle between the upper arm and the scapula is appropriate. Elbows do not bend inward or turn outward. You can cut it off with a wolf's paw. The claws are compact and oval, the pads are deep and firm, and the toes are round and compact. 5. The hindquarters are broad and muscular, and the contours are evenly inclined to the tail. Its thighs are long, wide, deep and muscular. The knee joint angle is appropriate, and the hock joint is strong and low. Seen from the back, the hind limbs are well-boned, straight and parallel to each other, with slight cattle limbs. Toes are short and strong. 6. There are two kinds of coats: short hair and coarse hair. Both of these animals have soft, dense double-layer fur, which can resist bad weather. Although the puppy's hair is short, it is soft, thick and waterproof. It will become undercoat in adulthood. Short hairstyle: the overall hair is short, the forelimbs may have decorative hair, and the chest hair is fuller. Coarse hairstyle: the hair is of moderate length, flat and slightly wavy, and the hair on the face is short and smooth. The forelimbs have feathers. You can cut the hair on the wrist of the hind foot short. With the growth of age, hair will gradually become very wavy, which is not a defect. [3] 7. Colors Border collies have many colors, many different stripes and styles. Common colors are black with (or without) white stripes, white tail tips, white socks, white scarves, with or without brown stripes. You have all kinds of different colors, which is ok, but except all white. In the competition, two colors, one color, three colors and traditional colors should be treated equally. Color and stripes are secondary indicators in the competition, and the main indicators are body structure and gait. 8. Gait Border Collie is a very agile dog, which can suddenly change speed and direction without losing balance and elegance. The symbol of border collie is endurance. When he trotted, his gait was smooth and stretched effortlessly. Paws are the shortest from the ground, so you can't see any change in the topline when you slide easily (that is, the topline is very stable). Viewed from the side, the dog's stride is large, but the frequency of stride is very low, and the action is accurate and rapid. Elbows, shoulders and ankles are not slack. Seen from the back, the four-limb drive is both powerful and elastic. The hocks are very close, but they don't cross. If there is no such phenomenon as correct gait, it is a defect. In the final trial, the most important feature is gait, and it is also necessary to judge whether the body structure is reasonable and correct according to gait. 9. Temperament Border collie is a smart, alert, intelligent and sensitive species. It is very friendly to friends, but obviously wary of strangers, so it is a very good watchdog. He is also an excellent sheepdog, who likes to study and is very satisfied with his study. Grow up healthily in friendship with human beings. If you are very shy or have obvious malignant tendencies, it is a serious defect. [4] 1. The proportion of the overall shape of the body should be symmetrical, its quality should be reflected by the smooth shape curve, its elegant performance and perfect balance, and its abundant physical strength can ensure that it can bear the outdoor blame that must be shouldered as a sheepdog for a long time. If it is rough or dry, it is not good. 2. Features hard-working, responsible, docile and tough. 3. Sharp temperament, intelligence, alertness and cleverness. Not fierce or shy in appearance. 4. The head is wide and the occipital bone is not obvious. Cheeks are not full. The thin muzzle at the tip reaches the tip of the nose, which is slightly shorter and stronger. The length of its head is basically equal to the length of its front. The stop sign is very clear. The nose is usually black, but it is also brown and chocolate. Usually the blue nose is dark gray-blue. The nose is very developed. 5. Eyes are relatively open, of moderate size and oval. In addition to the falcon-colored dog (Falcon is a small eagle (grey-backed falcon) living in the northern region, many of its feathers are dark and its tail has black stripes), one eye is blue, or both eyes are blue; The eyes are divided into blue or the monocular part is blue, and the eyes are usually brown, which makes the dog very smart, alert, gentle and keen. 6. The ears are also relatively open, of moderate size, and the ears are semi-upright or upright. Ears are very sensitive and flexible. 7. Oral teeth and jaws are very strong and bite like scissors. The upper and lower teeth are tightly locked together, which leaves room for the lower jaw. 8. The neck length is appropriate, the muscles are strong, slightly arched, and gradually relaxed from the shoulder direction. [5] 9. Forelegs From the front of the dog, the bones of the forelimbs are very developed and parallel to each other. Viewed from the side, the ankle is slightly inclined. Although the bones are thick, they don't look heavy. The angle between the scapula and the upper arm is appropriate. Elbows close to the body. The car body looks strong from the outside. Ribs expand easily. The chest is deep and the width is appropriate. The waist depth is also moderate, muscular, some arched, no lift. The height ratio of the body relative to the shoulders is slightly longer. 10. The hindquarters are very broad and muscular, and the outline is slightly inclined to the tail. The thighs are long, wide, deep and muscular. The knee joint angle is also appropriate, the hock joint is strong and the position is relatively low. Seen from the back, the hind limbs are rich, straight and relatively parallel, with some slight cattle limbs. You can cut off the wolf's claws. The claws are compact and oval, the pads are deep and firm, and the toes are round and compact. Toes are short and strong. The tail is medium in length, with a coccyx extending to hock joint, which is in a low position and has an upward vortex at the end. When completing the task wholeheartedly, the tail is in a low state to maintain balance. When excited, the tail can be raised to the height of the back. The gait is smooth, stretched and effortless. Feet are short from the ground, and they can run very fast, but they run very secretly. 1 1. There are two kinds of coats: coarse (medium-length) and short. Both types have very thick, soft and weather-resistant double-layer wool. Coarse hair type is that the sides of the neck, hind legs, buttocks and tail are all wool. Hair on the face, ears, forelimbs (except feathered hair) and hind limbs (below the legs) must be short and soft. All colors are acceptable except white. The ideal shoulder height for men is 53 cm (2 1 inch); The female is a little shorter. [6] Australian standard 1, the skull with the head between the ears is wide and flat, close to the eyes, with obvious pause. Cheeks are deep but not obvious. The nose and mouth protrude forward as long as the skull. The lips are tight and clean, and the nostrils are open. The color of all dog noses should be solid, not pink or light, but the background color of dogs. 2. Eyes and eyes are separated on both sides, with a wide spacing and a moderate oval shape. The color is in harmony with the tone of fur, but the darker the better. Except for a few dogs with chocolate eyes or blue eyes, which are suitable for mountain birds, it is also allowed. A dog's eyes should shine with tenderness, longing, vigilance and wisdom. 3. The ears are of medium size and the texture is clear and moderate. The position is evenly distributed left and right, showing a semi-upright state. Border herders are sensitive and their ears are covered with fine hairs. 4. Oral teeth must be healthy, firm and evenly distributed. The lower incisors are just behind but can touch the upper lip, which can reduce biting. 5. The neck is moderate in length, strong and muscular, widening to the shoulder and showing a microstrip bow. It's not loud or stiff. 6. The forelegs (including the front legs) have slender shoulders and a good turning forearm angle, both of which do not protrude from the elbows. The bones of the forelimbs are symmetrical and straight. From the front, the forelimbs are parallel; Seen from the side, the rubber bone (between the ball joint and the hoof joint) has a small slope and is elastic. 7. The body length is moderate, the ribs are well arched, the downward extension is beautiful and moderate, and the chest width is moderate. The waist should be wide and extend downward, muscular and slightly arched. The lumbar fossa (flank) is also sunken, but it is not suddenly missing like a knife. [7][ Edit this paragraph] Border grazing originated from the 5th century BC to 1 century BC. Many Celts migrated all over Europe, among which three Celts came to Ireland. They brought livestock, dogs guarding livestock and hunting dogs. These races use a dialect called Q Gaelic, which means "useful", so the dog that is useful to them is called Cory. Irish zoologist WLC· Martin described this kind of dog as follows: keen observation; Hairy, long and usually furry; Body shape, strong, beautiful appearance, a bit like a wolf. Therefore, the border collie may have originated from Basque Celts. Although English sheepdogs were first discovered in Ireland, border collies developed into sheepdogs in Scotland, and the obvious answer can be found in the early history of Scotland. Ireland has hillsides and lush grass, so Irish people raise more cattle and horses; Compared with the desolate and barren Scotland with bad weather, Scots want to raise sheep that are easier to survive. The earliest shepherd dog in Scotland was found in the Scottish Islands. These dogs originated from dogs brought by priests who migrated from Ireland to Scotland and were handed down before the early Vikings invaded Scotland. It was not until the confrontation and struggle between tribes in the valley ended that Scots developed their natural resources. In such an environment, especially in the highlands, people will not invest in agricultural production, and only herding sheep is their better occupation. In the rugged geographical environment, people can only rely on dogs to help drive, assemble and look after livestock. People don't know where highland sheepdogs and lowland sheepdogs came from and how they originated, but they know the origin of modern sheepdogs. Border shepherds have the ability to control their eyes, which was developed and trained by shepherds grazing on the border between Scotland and England. Therefore, dogs with the ability of "controlling eyes" are called "border collies". Most border collies have the ability to search, and the instinct of searching is the same as that of grazing. When it stops developing, these instincts may weaken or even disappear, which is one of the reasons why it is difficult for rescue dogs to encourage dogs to search in the game. Moreover, most border herders are sensitive and will respond to the touch of their palms. People can touch their heads, cheeks and around their ears to appease them, which is no different from mutual licking and caressing between wild wolves. This action can calm excited or nervous dogs, which is more effective than using commands. [8][ Edit this paragraph] Feeding management 1. Feeding and management of lactating border collie puppies: After the puppies are born, they should be observed several times a day to prevent the bitch from crushing the puppies. Newborn border collie puppies can't relieve themselves, so bitches have to lick their anus, abdomen and other places with their tongues before they can be excreted. If the bitch can't do this, she needs her master's help. The newborn border collie pups closed their eyes and could not hear the sound. Puppies almost always open their eyes from the 9th day to the 3rd day/kloc-0. It took 13 to 17 days to hear the sound. When the border collie puppies haven't opened their eyes, special care should be taken for some weak dogs. When the bitch is breastfeeding, she should put the weak puppy on the nipple with plenty of milk and always pay attention to the inspection. Once the puppy crawls out, it should be sent back immediately. Generally, hearing will be effective one week after birth. Border collie puppies can walk slowly about 2 1 day after birth. At this time, it is necessary to prevent them from running out of the delivery room. After 25 days of birth, the appetite will be very strong, and breast milk can no longer meet its needs. Be sure to add some milk, rice soup or some porridge, and feed some fish meal, cod liver oil and bone meal. Border collie puppies should start taking medicine at the age of three weeks, and then repeat it every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks, and check whether there are eggs in the feces at 6 months. One and a half months after the puppy is born, it is necessary to gradually change to food. Feed it 3-4 times a day to meet the needs of puppy growth and development. 50-60 days lactation border collie puppies weaned. 2. Feeding management of border collie after weaning. It is very important to raise and manage border collie puppies after weaning. The period from weaning to 6 months is the key to cultivate a good dog. The most difficult time for raising and managing border collie puppies is one month after weaning. At this time, there are many diseases and high mortality in dogs, mainly due to improper feeding management, which leads to the decline of the growth and disease resistance of puppies. Protein must be included in the food of weaned border collie puppies. Don't eat too much when feeding, and try to eat as little as possible. 2-3 months old border collie puppies, it is best to feed them 4-5 times a day, and eat almost 80% full each time. Puppies should take good care when eating, so as to avoid strong eating too much, and weak dogs can't eat food. Border collies older than 4-6 months should be fed 2-3 times a day. By this time, canine teeth have grown out and they like to chew. You can give them some long bones of animals. Bitches reach sexual maturity at about 6 months. In order to avoid premature mating, dogs of the same age, sex, size and breed are put in the same kennel. If it is a group, we should pick out the dogs that are rude and like to grab food and put them in the kennel where we can get along. One-year-old border collie, whose body development is basically completed, is fed 1-2 meals a day. If you have malnutrition or health problems, don't give the dog too many baths, which will make the fur look brighter. If the dog is properly nourished, but its hair looks a little black or dry, it may be that there are bugs in the hair or there is something wrong with the thyroid gland, so you need to take it to see a doctor. [9][ Edit this paragraph] Border Shepherd is characterized by being very smart and very enthusiastic about human beings. According to the ranking of American dog's work obedience and IQ, the border collie ranks first in the world, and its intelligence and obedience to its owner are beyond doubt. But there are considerable differences in the inheritance of appearance. Beautiful border grazing, like the national treasure panda, is quite popular in every country of origin. However, because of its basic characteristics-intelligence and obedience, the ugly border collie has been turned into the best working dog in pasture management. [10][ Edit this paragraph] The key to the quality of growth and reproduction lies in bloodline. Border collie, in particular, because of its unstable inheritance and the international standards for its appearance are not uniform, provides a great research space for genetic breeders. Only from its appearance and color, to the lines on its face and the posture of its ears, the breed standard of border collie has become a specialized knowledge. Therefore, male and female lineages must be excellent. Only in this way can the best genetic genes appear in breeding. Only breeders and breeders with excellent pedigree can breed excellent next generation. Both male and female dogs are male, so adult dogs will not produce excellent puppies. Therefore, unqualified adult dogs like this, whether male or female, cannot enter the ranks of breeding dogs. Some breeders, because the number of adult dogs is not enough, have limited genes to choose from, so they make up for it and breed many disabled and unqualified border herding puppies. It is not advisable to sell such puppies to friends who like border herding, or even abandon them at will, creating social problems for stray dogs. [1 1] [Edit this paragraph] Herdsmen's ears should be cleaned frequently, because dirt can easily accumulate there. Old dogs' fur will turn gray or white and their skin will be very dry. Older dogs are afraid of both cold and heat. So when the weather is cold, you can't let it stay in the open air for too long. You should let it have a dry and warm nest, and let it stay outside in the cool and ventilated place in summer. Many old dogs become fat and clumsy because of little activity. Pay attention to control their food intake and feed more foods rich in vitamins. Some dogs will gradually lose weight because of decreased renal function. However, it is necessary to appropriately reduce activities, increase sleep, and feed the dog soft food. For the habit of eating, exercising and sleeping that I have developed for many years, I still have to continue to implement it, and don't destroy all my normal and comfortable life. Old dogs' hearing and vision gradually decline, and their reactions will be slow. The owner of a dog should try his best to command it with gestures and touching, and should not yell at it or force it to play with children and puppies. Old dogs' bones are very fragile, so try not to let them do difficult movements for them (such as upright hind legs). ), especially the shoulder bones are fragile, so be careful not to let them go up and down the stairs. Pet Wang Jian suggested that dogs kept indoors should move their nests to a place near a designated place to urinate, so that elderly dogs can urinate at night. Some dogs will have heart disease when they reach a certain age, and many dogs' asthma is caused by heart disease. Some dogs give off unpleasant smells from their mouths, skin, ears and digestive organs when they get old. According to pet king, bad breath is caused by food residue left on teeth; The smell of skin is caused by the accumulation of dirt on the body; The smell of ears comes from dirt and wax accumulation for too long; The bad smell of digestive organs is due to the decline of digestive function. For an elderly dog, as long as the owner pays more attention to feeding management, it can also make it more vigorous and healthy, and can still serve others or continue to be a companion. [12][ Edit this paragraph] Hereditary Border Collie is a healthy dog breed. However, like all animals, border collies have some hidden diseases. At present, the basic genetic diseases of border collie are as follows: HIP dysplasia (HD). English: Hip disease HD is the most common genetic disease affecting border collies. With the development of HD, it will eventually lead to hip necrosis. The injury of hip joint is called osteoarthritis, also known as joint degeneration (DJD). It has been proved that the hip joint is complicated with rickets, osteoporosis and abnormal bone growth through gravity and strenuous exercise. In fact, DJD can be verified as a result that directly leads to high definition. The most authoritative method to diagnose HD is still to look at the extension of hind legs with X-rays. Such as the Association of Animal Plastic Surgery (OFA). OFA reported that1974-2.6% of the border collies diagnosed in 2000 had the disease. The influence range of HD is in the middle of all canine diseases. OFA's report results are influenced by veterinarians and breeders, and the percentage of report results is greatly reduced. So in fact, the impact of this disease may be very large, which is basically more than 1 times reported by OFA, that is, an average of 1/4 border collies have this disease. [ 13]