Today's South Korea is located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It has been part of North Korea since ancient times. In 1953, with the military assistance of the United States, it became independent from North Korea with the 38th Parallel as the boundary. Its founding date was (1953 AD) years - to the present), the history of South Korea is the history of North Korea. Jizi North Korea, uncle King Zhou (founded about 1122 BC - 194 BC) ruled for about 928 years. Wei Man, a native of Korea and Yan State (founded in 194 BC - 108 BC), ruled for about 86 years. The four Han prefectures (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established prefectures in 108 BC in the third year of Yuanfeng - 1st century AD) ruled for about 192 years. Chenhan, Mahan, Benhan, (1st century AD - 4th century AD) tribes in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and expanded northward. Goguryeo (originating from Fuyu County, Jilin Province), Silla, Baekje, and the former Three Kingdoms period (founded in the 4th century AD - 668 years) ruled for about 368 years. The Silla era (founded in 668, Tang Dynasty destroyed Baekje and Goryeo - 900) ruled for about 232 years. The period of Baekje, Taefong, Goryeo, and the Later Three Kingdoms (900-903 - 935) was about 232 years. The unified Goryeo era (founded in 935 - 1389) ruled for about 454 years. The Joseon Dynasty (founded in 1389-1910) ruled for about 521 years. During the Japanese rule (1910-1945), the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (founded in 1948 - present), the Korean peninsula has an officially recorded history of about three thousand years, from the "Jizi Korea" of King Zhou's uncle Jizi to From the "Weiman Korea" of Weiman of the Yan State during the Warring States Period to the "Four Han Counties" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Korean Peninsula was directly ruled by the Chinese for about 1,200 years (1122 BC - 1st century BC). The Korean Peninsula was regarded as a vassal state. The country submitted to the Chinese dynasty and accepted the canonization of the Chinese emperor for nearly 1,800 years.

Goryeo Korea

In 918, Wang Jian, a general of King Gongyi of Goguryeo, was proclaimed king by his generals and moved the capital to his hometown Kaesong (Songak). The country's name is "Goryeo". In 935, Silla was destroyed; in 936, Baekje was destroyed, the southern part of the Korean Peninsula was unified, and the Goryeo Dynasty was established. In 962, in October of the third year of Jianlong's reign, Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, Wang Zhao, son of Wang Jian, sent his minister Li Xingyou, deputy envoy Li Lixi, and judge Li Bin to pay tribute. In 993, Goryeo was defeated by the Liao Kingdom and was forced to sever its tributary relationship with the Northern Song Dynasty and submit to the Liao Kingdom. In 1127, he was forced to surrender to the Jin Kingdom. In 1231, during the Goryeo-Mongol War, the King of Goryeo fled to Ganghwa Island; in 1273, the Yuan army occupied Jeju Island, and the king surrendered to the Mongol Khanate. The Goryeo-Mongol War ended and Goryeo became a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty.

Joseon Dynasty

In 1388, the King of Goryeo sent the commander-in-chief Li Chenggui to attack Liaodong. Li Chenggui had long been determined to join the Ming Dynasty. He returned troops from the Yalu River to occupy the capital Kaesong and conquered the city. Launched a coup; in 1392, deposed the King of Goryeo, unified the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and made Hanyang the capital. On July 16, the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1392), Li Chenggui ascended the throne at Shouchang Palace in Songjing (Kaesong) under the initiative and support of Goryeo minister Li Zhilan and left attendants Pei Kelian, Zheng Daozhuan, Zhao Jun and others. . He was fifty-eight years old at the time.

Official History of the Lee Dynasty of Korea (Kyujanggak Edition, South Korea) (11 photos) Li Chenggui sent an envoy to the Ming Dynasty court in Jinling, saying that the King of Goryeo was in a state of confusion and that he had to ascend the throne because of the popularity of the people. Zhu Yuanzhang said in an indifferent tone, "You were sorry for the king's death. He said he had a son and asked to establish him. But later he said no. He also said that Wang Yao was the king and grandson's upright sect and asked to establish him. Now he went again. He sent people again and again, probably He wants to be his own king. I don’t ask, I teach him to be his own king. I want to care for the people and communicate with each other.” Soon, Li Chenggui drafted two country names - "North Korea" (the name of the ancient Korean country) and "Hening" (the place where Li Zichun took office). Since Li Chenggui was a treasonous usurper in the traditional view, in order to gain the support of the Ming Dynasty emperor of China, he sent an envoy to ask Zhu Yuanzhang to decide the name of the new country. In order to commemorate Jizi of the Yin Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang took the meaning of "Korea and Japan are clear" and circled the two Koreas. Character. However, Zhu Yuanzhang still believed that Li Chenggui was "stubborn and cunning" and did not canonize him. Li Chenggui was actually the king of Korea, but because he was not canonized by the Ming Taizu, he still used the phrase "quasi-informed about the state affairs of Korea" when writing letters of state to the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. After the country's name was changed, it used "Quan Zhizong's state affairs". In 1400, the second year of Jianwen, Emperor Jianwen granted King Taizong of North Korea a imperial edict and a nine-chapter royal title (the prince and title of the county in North Korea should be given a five-chapter or seven-chapter crown). ), officially canonizing Li Bangyuan, the son of Li Chenggui, as the king of Joseon. In this way, the Ming Dynasty canonization that Li Chenggui and Li Fanguo had repeatedly requested was finally obtained by Li Fangyuan. His title also changed from his father and brother's "right to know the state affairs of Korea" to King of Korea, and he officially became a vassal state of the Central Dynasty of China. After Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty ascended to the throne, Li Fangyuan once again sent a congratulation form and asked for crowns and clothes. As a result, he once again received the golden seal, imperial edict, crown clothes, nine chapters, Guiyu, Peiyu, Feizhu Cui, Qizhaiguan, Xiapei, and gold given by the Ming Dynasty. This is the origin of Hanbok. On May 24, the sixth year of Yongle, the old and sick Li Chenggui passed away in the annex hall downstairs of Guangyan of Changdeokgung Palace. The emperor has been on the throne for seven years and has been on the throne for ten years, so he is seventy-four years old. Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty gave him the posthumous title of "Kang Xian". The Joseon Dynasty implemented a policy of promoting Confucianism and rejecting Buddhism. Adopt a major-power policy towards China.

Relationship with the canonization of China

Goryeo History Volume 65 Chapter 19 Rites 7 Guest Rites: Welcoming the Ming Dynasty without an edict. Welcoming the Ming Dynasty without an edict. Envoys enter the country. The customs officer rushed to report. The king sent officials to pick him up from afar. The envoy approached Wang Jing. In the early stage, there was a division. Set up a tent in the guest house. Shing Mun Street is decorated with colorful decorations. Solstice. Wang Bei Yi Wei. Go out to meet him outside the city. All officials below the crown prince obey. And take it regularly. The envoy arrived. Hundreds of officials were waiting on the north-south road of the Yingbin Hall. Ectopic rerun. The king came out and stood outside. The messenger dismounted. Bow to the king and the queen. Let's get on the horse and ride together. The envoy left the road. Wang Youdao right. To the palace. They all dismounted and entered together. The king entered from the west. The envoy entered from the east. Go to the main hall to confront each other. The envoy Lidong. Wang Lixi. There are mouths to declare the imperial edict. Then the envoy will make a declaration. Wang Beixiang knelt down and listened. Still received the official ultimatum. Kowtow to bring peace of mind. The king came in front of the envoy. Bow slightly. Wish you all blessings. The envoy replied. Wang Beixiang knelt down. Kowtow to bring peace of mind. The east and west face each other and then say hello. Brief exchange of greetings. East and West sit opposite each other. After tea. The king enters. Take a break. The prince and the envoy. See you again. Goodbye. Next gentlemen. Second Prime Minister. Second hundred officials. All finished together. The king came out and sat down. After feasting on the envoys. There are envoys who preach. Then the prince will send him to the pavilion. Or ask the prince to send it as a gift. An envoy without words. Then he ordered Zaishu to be sent to the palace. If there is an imperial edict in hand. This gift is not needed. According to the surrender ceremony issued by the imperial court. Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty gave the king of Korea a four-clawed python robe

At the beginning of Jianwen; Chenggui (King Taizu. Note; gave the king of Korea the title of prince) showed his old age and used Zifang to attack the throne from afar. The emperor promised it. In December of the second year of Yongle, the emperor issued an imperial edict to appoint Fangyuan (King Taizong of North Korea) as his crown prince, and he invited him to do so. In the 16th year of Yongle, the emperor ordered Guanglu Shaoqing Han Que and Honglucheng Liu Quan to confer the title of King Sejong of Joseon on the throne of Joseon. In the 20th year of Yongle's reign, Fang Yuan died and was given the posthumous title Gongding. In July of the 21st year, Yu asked to make his legitimate son Kui his crown prince. First, the imperial edict sent tens of thousands of tribute horses, and when they arrived, they were given platinum and silk silk. In the second year of Xuande's reign, in March, he sent the middle official to give him platinum gauze yarn and five thousand horses for his own use. September is here. In the eighth year of Xuande's reign, he was given the imperial edict to grant the Five Classics, Four Books, Xingli, and Tongjian Gangmu. In the eighth month of the third year of Zhengtong, King Sejong of the Joseon Dynasty was given a royal crown, crimson gauze robe, jade pendant, red coat, and celestial attire for his long journey. In the first year of Jingtai, Yu died and was given a hanging sacrifice. He was given the posthumous title Zhuang Xian and his son Jue (King Wenzong of Korea) was made king. In the fifth year of Jiaqing, an envoy was sent to confer Li Suanzi Chen as the crown prince. When Li Suan died, the chief and deputy envoys who consecrated the crown prince went to confer Li Chun as the king of Korea. In the eleventh year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty, Xi asked Li Huan, his legitimate grandson, to be granted the title of grandson. At the request of Emperor Yu, he sent an envoy to confer Li Huan the title of grandson of the King of Korea. In the fifteenth year of Daoguang's reign, Li Xin passed away. Princess Jin asked her grandson Li Huan to take over the title. Because the deceased son had a posthumous title, he requested that he be given a posthumous title and a royal title. In February, the emperor (Emperor Daoguang) sent envoys to offer sacrifices and conferred the posthumous title Xuan Ke; he gave his late son Jiong the title of king, his posthumous title Kangmu, and his wife the princess; he conferred the title of grandson Huang as the king of Korea. I wish to express my congratulations on the establishment of the empress and the emblem of the empress dowager, and pay tribute to me. In March of the 21st year of Guangxu, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded. In the first paragraph, China confirmed that Korea was a completely independent country, and all previous contributions and other ceremonies were abolished. In the second year of Chongde (the second year of Chongde), Li Zhuo surrendered, and Korea was a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty for 258 years, and finally became an independent country. The Lee Dynasty of Korea was founded in 1393 AD in the 25th year of Emperor Taizu Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty and ended in 1896 AD, the 21st year of Emperor Dezong of the Qing Dynasty. During this period of 503 years, it was a vassal state of China and an integral part of China's tributary system. All Korean kings were subject to Direct canonization and rewards from the Central Dynasty of China. Occupied by Japan in 1896, Korea ended its more than 2,000-year-old vassal and tribute relationship with China.

Wanli aided Korea

In 1591, Japan's Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent 200,000 troops to invade Korea and once occupied Seoul (Seoul) and Pyongyang. The King of Korea sent envoys to China to beg for troops and Emperor Wanli sent troops to aid Korea; in 1598, the Japanese army was defeated by the Chinese and Korean coalition forces. Korean general Yi Sunchen and Chinese general Deng Zilong supported each other, and both died heroically in the end. It is known in history as the "Wanli War to Aid Korea". Japan's Toyotomi Hideyoshi surrendered to Emperor Wanli, who granted Toyotomi Hideyoshi the title of King of Japan with the following edict (now in the National Museum of Japan).

The Wanli Emperor conferred the title of Toyotomi Hideyoshi as the King of Japan (4 photos). The emperor's decree was to carry out the destiny of heaven and earth. Go out without taking the lead. In the past, my imperial ancestor was born and raised in many ways. The tortoise, new and dragon seals are given to the realm of Fusang from far away; the Zhenmin seal script is given to the mountains of Zhengguo. As the sea waves rose, the wind occasionally occupied the area. On this grand occasion, it is appropriate to praise Yi Zhang. Toyotomi Taira Hideyoshi was the leader of the country, he rose up as a sea nation, and he knew and respected China. An envoy from Xi Chi was delighted to come with him. Knocking at the gate of thousands of miles from the north, I am willing to seek inner attachment. Love is strong in obedience, kindness can be softened in tenderness. Zite made you the king of Japan and gave you a royal decree. Yu Xi! Long Benzhi's letter sent his crown and robes to the sea, popularized his robes, and strengthened his vassal and guard in the heaven. You should be mindful of your duties as ministers and adhere to the essentials. You are grateful for the emperor's kindness, and there is no substitute for it. Only obey the words of Lun, and always respect the teachings. Awesome! "(Volume 37 of "Records of Seonjo of Joseon") Seonjo Lee Wan said: "Chinese parents, our country and Japan are both foreign countries, just like sons. To put it in terms of how parents treat their children, they are filial sons in our country and traitorous sons in Japan.

"Volume 35 of "Records of Seonjo (Korea)" records a meaningful question and answer between the King of Joseon, Li Wan, and his minister, Li Dexin. Li Wan asked: "The sound of the blunderbuss (referring to the Japanese bird blunderbuss), Isn't it the same as the artillery of the heavenly army (namely the army)? " Li Dexin replied: "Although the sound of Japanese blunderbuss was fired from all directions, each sound was heard. The cannons of the heavenly soldiers were like mountains collapsing and the ground cracking, and the mountains and plains were shaking. It is indescribable..." Li He admired: "The military situation is like this, but it is not possible. Fight and win! "Records of Seonjo (North Korea)". "It is equipped with Buddhist wolf weapons, tiger squatting cannons, captive-killing cannons and other weapons. It is about five miles away from the city. When all the cannons are fired at once, the sound is like the heaven and earth moving, and the light of fire touches the sky. , all the Japanese who came out holding red and white flags were dead, and the heavenly soldiers coaxed them into the city." (Records of Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty) Volume 334. Emperor Wanli thought that the situation in Korea was peaceful, and issued an edict announcing that Korea would send envoys to pay tribute. Shenzong returned He gave him colorful coins and issued an edict to King Li Huo of North Korea: "My officers and men want to return home, and it is inconvenient to save their losses. I have withdrawn all my duties. You can take action urgently." The Japanese will not dare to come back after hearing the news, and even if they come, there will be no need to worry about it." On September 25, the 21st year of Wanli, he issued an edict to the King of Korea, with the following edict: Although your country is located between mountains and seas, Chuan Zuo The longest time. Recently, when the Japanese slaves came in and the royal city was not defended, the fields were ruined and the temples were ruined. It is not appropriate to think about the reasons for the loss. It may be said that the king secretly entertained people and misled the small people. The people's orders are not to build a solid army. It is not a dynasty to punish thieves, but the subordinates have not spoken out. If the car in front is overturned, how can we not take it as a warning? It will benefit your ancestors and our army will defeat them. Isn't it a good thing that the king, king, ministers and father and son can protect each other? I don't know why Wang Xin came back from Boyue to see Maoli's old words. If you change your mind, it is easy to retreat. Although I regard the king as a foreign vassal, there is no need to bother the king with his military affairs. The king's virtue is due to me. The troops have been withdrawn, and the king has returned to the country to rule. I have nothing to do with him. He can make the rescue of the country more common, and your country will be in trouble if it is not equipped. , Just wait and see, if something changes suddenly, I can't help the king. After the Wanli War to Aid Korea, the relationship between Korea and the suzerain Ming Dynasty deepened, so that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji coerced the king of Korea to rebel against the Ming Dynasty. , was strongly opposed by the King of Joseon ("Records of Seonjo (Korea)" Volume 37); "For three hundred years, I have served the Ming Dynasty, and my love and righteousness are beyond words. As for Emperor Shenzong's (Ming Shenzong Wanli Emperor Zhu Yijun)'s kindness in rebuilding, there has never been any record of it since its inception. The so-called righteousness guides the monarch and his ministers, and kindness is the same as that of father and son. It is really a sincere and heartfelt statement. I would rather gain the superior state than bear the loss of the emperor." Before the rise of the Qing Dynasty, Korea and the Ming Dynasty maintained a traditional vassal relationship (the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty) In 1636, Zhu Yuanzhang sent an envoy to North Korea to issue a seal, thus establishing the vassal relationship between the two countries). In 1636, Huang Taiji led a new expedition to North Korea and captured Seoul, the capital of North Korea. The King of North Korea had no choice but to After accepting the conditions of the Qing army to surrender, the Ming Dynasty's title was suspended, all exchanges with the Ming Dynasty were severed, and the Qing Dynasty was regarded as the suzerain, and the vassal relationship with the Qing Dynasty was formally established. After the Qing Dynasty established its capital in Beijing, envoys from both sides continued to communicate with each other every year. In addition to the four regular tribute envoys to celebrate the Winter Solstice, He Zhengshuo, Heshengjie, and the New Year's Coin every year, there are also a variety of irregular envoys entering the DPRK.

The King of the Lee Dynasty of North Korea (South Korea). Genealogy table

Because the Lee Dynasty of Korea was a vassal state of the Ming and Qing dynasties, its country did not have an era name, and the suzerain country Zhengshuo used the suzerain country's era name.

King Taizong Li Bangyuan used the Ming Dynasty title (Yongle); King Sejong Li Ji used the Ming Dynasty title (Yongle, Hongxi, Xuande, Zhengtong, Jingtai); King Wenjong Li Jue used the Ming Dynasty title (Jingtai); King Danjong Li Hongwei used the Ming Dynasty. The reign name (Jingtai). King Sezu Li Yao used the reign name of the Ming Dynasty (Jingtai, Tianshun, Chenghua). King Ruizhong Li Xu used the reign name of the Ming Dynasty (Chenghua). King Chengzong Li Suo used the reign name of the Ming Dynasty (Chenghua, Hongzhi). ) King Yanshan Li Long used the Ming Dynasty era name (Hongzhi, Zhengde); King Zhongzong Li Yi used the Ming Dynasty era name (Zhengde, Jiajing); King Renzong Li Gong used the Ming Dynasty era name (Jiajing); Mingzong King Li Ao used the Ming Dynasty year King Seonjo Lee Wan used the Ming Dynasty era names (Longqing, Wanli), Gwanghaejun Li Hui used the Ming Dynasty era names (Wanli), and King Injo Lee Jo used the Ming and Qing era names (Wanli, Tianqi). , Chongzhen, Chongde) King Xiaozong, Li Hao, used the Chinese stems and branches to record the year, used the Qing Dynasty era name, and continued to use the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen era name". King Suzong, Li Zhen, used Chinese stems and branches to mark the year, used the Qing Dynasty's year name, and continued to use the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen Year". King Jingzong, Li Yun, used Chinese stems and branches to mark the year, used the Qing Dynasty's year, and continued to use the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen Year" King Yeongjo chronologically used the Chinese stems and branches, used the Qing Dynasty's era name, and continued to use the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen era" King Jeongjo King Lee Suan used the Chinese stems and branches to chronologically, used the Qing Dynasty's era name, and continued to use the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen era" Sunjo King Li Huan used the Chinese stems and branches to mark the year, used the Qing Dynasty's reign name, and continued to use the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen reign". King Xianzong Li Huan used the Chinese stems and branches to date, used the Qing Dynasty's reign, and continued to use the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen reign". King Zhezong Li Yuanfan used The Chinese stems and branches are used to mark the year, and the Qing Dynasty's reign name is used, and the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen Year" is used. King Gaozong Li Xi uses the Chinese stems and branches to mark the year, the Qing Dynasty's year is used, and the Ming Dynasty's "Chongzhen Year" is used. Note: 1896-1910 Gao Zong Jonghwa Sunjong was supported by Japan and was named the emperor of the "Korean Empire". He no longer used the Ganzhi era name and Tangun chronology, changed the era name, and changed the country's name to Han, ending the vassal relationship with the Qing Dynasty.

Edit this paragraph is located in Gyeongbokgung Palace in South Korea

Since the establishment of Lelang County by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, China's advanced cultural knowledge and advanced craftsmanship have been imported into the Korean Peninsula in large quantities, promoting the The local agriculture, handicraft industry and construction industry developed rapidly. Ridge Beasts in the Main Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (6 Princes)

Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing (10 Ridge Beasts)

The 29th Year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1397) In the first month of the first month, Li Chenggui ordered that the original Goryeo Palace be expanded according to the specifications of the Ming Dynasty Prince's Palace, and new buildings be built. The construction was initially completed in September of the same year. The name of the palace was taken from "The Book of Songs·Daya·Ji Zui": "Being drunk with wine and being full with virtue, a gentleman will live forever to introduce you to Jingfu". Gyeongbokgung Palace was built according to the specifications of the Prince's Palace of the Ming Dynasty and covered with green glazed tiles of royal specifications (the Emperor's Palace has yellow glazed tiles). There are 6 ridged beasts on the roof of the main hall of the palace (the Emperor's main hall has ten; taking the meaning of perfection). On September 14th, 1553 (the 32nd year of the Jiajing reign), a fire broke out in Gyeongbokgung Palace. Kangnyeong Hall, Szejeong Hall, and Qinjing Pavilion were burned by the fire. Treasures from past dynasties, books, decrees of kings and concubines, and clothing and cultural relics were all burned. King Myeongjong, Princess Shim and Princess Yoon (Queen Munjeong) moved to Changdeokgung Palace. In 1592, the Wanli Korean War broke out, and Chungju fell on April 28. King Seonjo left the palace in a hurry on April 30, and fled to the northwest at night with his minister Yin Doosoo as his retinue. On the eve of leaving the palace, Seonjo ordered a fire to be set up in the palace, and the treasures of the past dynasties in Gyeongbokgung Palace, as well as the books collected in Munmo Building and Hongwen Hall, and the historical records and documents collected in Spring and Autumn Hall were "burned to nothing". Gyeongbokgung Palace was once again destroyed. Burn. The four-clawed python in Geunjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace

After the Wanli Korean War, the Joseon royal family returned to Seoul and used the residence of Seongjong’s brother Wolsan Maharaja as Geunjeongjeon Hall, the main palace of the Joseon Dynasty in South Korea

The temporary palace was renamed Qingyun Palace. Because there are many palaces and huge projects in Gyeongbokgung Palace, and the economy of the Lee Dynasty was ruined after two wars of aggression, it was unable to repair Gyeongbokgung Palace, so it had to use Changdeokgung Palace, which was originally a detached palace, as the main palace. Gyeongbokgung Palace has been idle ever since. About 270 years ago, in 1868, the royal palace was moved here from Changdeokgung Palace. On the night of August 20, 1895, Concubine Min was assassinated by Japanese agents in Kunninggak Palace of Cheongcheong Palace in the north of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Emperor Gojong fled to Russia. Legation, the royal family never returned to Gyeongbokgung Palace to live again. Since then, Gyeongbokgung Palace, which has a history of more than 500 years, has officially withdrawn from the stage of history, and has witnessed the rise and fall of a kingdom with its vicissitudes of experience. The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City

The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City

Edit this paragraph with Korean (North Korean) characters

The Korean nation does not have its own characters in the history of the Korean nation. From the beginning, all dynasties on the Korean Peninsula used Chinese characters as their official script. Ancient documents, palace plaques, and temple couplets on the Korean Peninsula were all written in Chinese characters (such as the "Ginjeongjeon" in the main hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace in North Korea). According to the "Records" of King Sejong of Joseon. King Sejong of Joseon promulgated the "Hunminjeongeum" in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (1443), officially establishing the Korean script. Prior to this, all the Korean dynasties used the pronunciation and meaning of Chinese characters to record the Korean language, which was called "official reading text", but it was still not possible to accurately record the Korean language.

After the establishment of Lee's Joseon Dynasty, King Sejong created the "Hunminjeongyin" national script in order to consolidate the political power and strengthen the rule of law so that it could be promoted and used among the people. This writing was officially promulgated and implemented in 1446. However, at that time, Chinese writing was advocated and influenced by thousands of years of Chinese civilization. This national writing was only popular among the common people and noble women in the palace. In society, the three writing forms of Chinese, Liduwen and Korean are used at the same time. It was not until the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1895 broke out, China was defeated, and Korea was occupied by Japan that ended the vassal relationship with China. Only then did the Chinese and Lidu scripts be officially abolished, Korean was upgraded to the national language, and "the use of a mixture of Chinese and Chinese" was adopted ( A combination of Korean characters sandwiched with Chinese characters). So far, South Korea still uses a certain number of Chinese characters. However, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Koreans in my country canceled the use of Chinese characters in 1948 and 1954, and used pure Korean. At present, in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province, Korean is the main spoken language. Korean primary and secondary schools in the three northeastern provinces all use Korean in teaching. Ethnic publishing houses and Korean publishing houses in the three northeastern provinces all publish Korean publications. There are also Korean newspapers and periodicals in the three northeastern provinces.

Edit this section of the modern history of North Korea (South Korea)

In 1894, the Donghak Party Rebellion broke out in North Korea. North Korea was unable to suppress it, so it begged the Chinese army to enter the country to suppress it. On June 6, the Chinese army landed in Asan. The Japanese army also used this as an excuse to land in Incheon on July 6, launched the Imwu Incident, occupied Hanyang, and forced North Korea to sign the "Jemulpo Treaty" (Jemulpo Treaty). Pu is today's Incheon). And organized a pro-Japanese government to quell the civil unrest. In 1894, Japanese troops attacked the Chinese troops stationed in Korea, provoking the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894. Lee's Korea was forced to end the more than two thousand years of vassal-vassal relations with China. In April 1895, the Qing Dynasty was defeated and the "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki" was signed, recognizing the independence of Korea. Therefore, the Korean government under Japanese control announced the termination of the canonization relationship with the Qing Dynasty. In 1896, with the support of Russia, North Korea established the puppet regime of the Korean Empire. From then on, Lee's North Korea changed its name to "Han". After the defeat of Tsarist Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, Japan occupied the Korean Peninsula. In order to win over people's hearts and stabilize Western countries, Japan did not publicly admit the elimination of Korea and continued to support the "Korean Empire". The head of state was called the "Emperor of Korea" and was actually controlled by Japan. It was not until August 1910 that Lee Wan-yong, the Prime Minister of the Lee Dynasty, signed the "Japan-Korea Merger Treaty" with Japan, the South Korean puppet Gojong abdicated, and Japan finally annexed the Korean Peninsula. The period of the "Puppet Empire" that lasted for 14 years under the General Assembly was not announced. Withdrew from the scene, thus ending the history of North Korea having an "emperor".

North Korea’s Restoration

In June 1930, Kim Il Sung proposed the anti-Japanese armed struggle line and other Juche revolutionary lines related to the Korean revolution at the historic Karen Conference, which promoted the Preparations for the armed struggle against Japan. After the "September 18" incident, he organized the anti-Japanese armed forces in the Mingyugou area of ??Yanji County, and founded the people's revolutionary armed forces, the Korean People's Revolutionary Army, on April 25, 1932. From then on, he began to carry out the anti-Japanese armed struggle together with the Chinese people. In May 1936, Kim Il-sung founded the Fatherland Liberation Association, North Korea's first anti-Japanese national united front organization, and was elected as the president, formulating the ten-point program of the Fatherland Liberation Association. Huge Red Flag Portrait of Kim Il Sung

After the end of World War II, Kim Il Sung returned to his motherland from the Soviet Union. On October 10, 1945, he founded the Workers' Party of Korea and was elected chairman. In February of the following year, he organized the North Korean Provisional People's Committee, led North Korea's economic construction and land reform movement, and successfully completed the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution in the northern half of North Korea. On September 9, 1948, with the help of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Union, Kim Il Sung founded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and served as Prime Minister and Head of State. After the restoration of North Korea, he established a He built a bronze statue of Premier Zhou Enlai and has maintained close and friendly relations with China to this day.

Korean Independence

In 1910, the Korean puppet regime of the Korean Empire was banned by Japan, and Korea became a Japanese colony. In 1912, Syngman Rhee advocated independent ideas in the name of missionary and was banned. Deported by Japanese colonial authorities. In 1913, Rhee Syngman went to Hawaii to run schools for Korean expatriates at the invitation of the overseas Chinese leader Park Yong Man. Soon, the two had differences of opinion. Park Rongwan advocated armed struggle to save the country. Syngman Rhee advocated obtaining sympathy and assistance from Western powers through diplomatic activities to achieve independence. He believed that "we cannot fight the ferocious Japan with bare hands. A country that perished due to a secret treaty between great powers can only regain its independence through diplomacy." Sharp differences split the Korean National Association, an organization of expatriates in the United States, into two factions. Syngman Rhee established a separate "Comrades Association", established a school, and founded the weekly "Korea Pacific" to advocate his own anti-Japanese political ideas. In December 1918, the Conference of Representatives of Korean Overseas Chinese in the United States prepared to appoint Syngman Rhee and others to attend the Paris Peace Conference to appeal to the great powers for Korean independence. The United States refused to issue a visa and I was unable to go. On February 16, 1919, Syngman Rhee and others privately submitted a "Petition for Mandate Rule" to US President Wilson, begging the great powers to place North Korea under the "protection" of the League of Nations and implement the Mandate Rule. This was strongly opposed by the expatriates. . In 1919, the massive "March 1" anti-Japanese movement broke out in North Korea.

After the failure of the "March 1" movement, Korean nationalists established the "Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" in Shanghai, China. Syngman Rhee, who was far away in the United States, was elected as the president of the provisional government in absentia. He then went to France to submit a proposal to the Paris Peace Conference on behalf of the provisional government. Petition for Korean Independence. In December 1920, Syngman Rhee went to Shanghai to be sworn in as the interim president. However, he neither proposed the struggle strategy of the national independence movement nor the policy principles of the interim government. At that time, the younger generation of State Prime Minister Li Donghui and others advocated organizing volunteers, sneaking into the country to stage riots, seeking support from the Soviet Union to strengthen the independence movement, forming a united front with anti-Japanese political parties in China, and launching guerrilla wars against Japan in China and North Korea. Syngman Rhee expressed his opposition, saying that communism is an idea that is opposed to democracy and conflicts with the purpose of the country that North Korea wants to establish. He insisted on "obtaining independence" through the gifts of the United States and other countries, and refused to admit the error of his proposed "mandate rule." He refused to leave Washington for a long time and was unwilling to hand over administrative decision-making power to the Prime Minister, which aggravated the internal conflicts of the interim government. On May 20, 1921, Syngman Rhee went to Washington on the pretext of calling on the great powers for Korean independence. He was keen on building his own power in the United States, using the name of the European and American Foreign Affairs Commission to promote himself, and trying to cut off the financial resources of the Shanghai Provisional Government, which was in trouble. Therefore, in March 1925, the Provisional Government Council finally impeached Syngman Rhee, and in April, the "European and American Committee" was abolished with Executive Yuan Order No. 1. In 1933, he married Francesca Donner, the third daughter of Austrian Vienna industrialist Donner, in New York. In 1935, Syngman Rhee went to Hawaii to raise funds for the restoration of his "gay association" and church. There were fewer and fewer people following him, and later he was unable to open a school. When China's Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937, he established the "Korea Committee" in Washington on the grounds of anti-Japanese activities. In 1940, Syngman Rhee wrote "The Inside Story of Japan", pointing out that Japan might launch an attack on the United States in the Pacific. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Rhee confirmed that this was an excellent opportunity to gain the trust of the United States and the Provisional Government. He urged the United States to recognize the interim government and requested the United States to provide economic and military assistance to the interim government. Until Japan surrendered, his begging diplomacy yielded nothing. On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered. On August 23, Syngman Rhee organized the "Central Council for the Promotion of Independence" with the extreme right as the core and appointed himself as president. At the end of December, as soon as the resolution of the Tripartite Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Moscow on the implementation of trusteeship over North Korea was issued, the "anti-trusteeship" movement immediately spread throughout South Korea. Syngman Rhee made a speech to eliminate communists, calling the United States the "benefactor of liberation" and not to misunderstand it, and used the "anti-trusteeship" movement to rapidly expand the "Independence Promotion Central Council." In February 1946, the "Democratic House" of the U.S. Army Government Office was established. Syngman Rhee was appointed speaker. With the support of the US military administration, he colluded with the Democratic Party of Korea to suppress leftist forces, forcing the Communist Party to go underground, and then turned back to weaken the national revolutionary forces led by Kim Koo and Kim Kyu-sik. On May 10, 1948, when no one could compete with it, South Korea held a separate election. Syngman Rhee became the speaker of the Constituent Assembly and took office as the first president in July, completely destroying the reunification of the North and the South, and South Korea officially separated from North Korea. Since 1948, Syngman Rhee has implemented an anti-Japanese and anti-people fascist dictatorship internally and pursued a traitorous diplomatic line externally. In a letter to his American friends, he said blatantly: "I am fighting for the interests of the United States and South Korea." Before he came to power, he granted patent rights to the Yunshan gold mine and some important textile factories to the Americans. After taking office, he intensified his efforts and signed numerous agreements with the United States such as "Military Agreement", "Property and Financial Agreement", "Economic Assistance Agreement", "Mutual Defense Treaty" and so on. Syngman Rhee legalized all the "rights and interests" seized by the United States during his military administration period, and clearly stipulated that "the U.S. government should obtain the property and accessories in Korea that it cares about." Those military treaties not only provided the United States with the right to build military bases and garrison troops in South Korea, but also handed over the command and training rights of the military. The so-called economic aid agreement opens the door for U.S. monopoly capital to control the economic lifeline of South Korea and plunder the people of South Korea.