Rooting with 1: About 30 days before transplanting, the rooting time of old trees is longer and that of young trees is shorter, depending on the size of trees. Root-cutting time will be affected by in-situ soil moisture, weather, season and other factors, so it is necessary to strengthen observation and summary to determine the root-cutting time according to time and place.
2. Pruning and shaping: before the tree is cut off, pruning and shaping should be carried out to cut off dead branches and weak branches, and the height and crown width should be determined according to the planting requirements to maintain the tree shape and graceful posture. The larger part should be sealed with wax to prevent excessive water loss.
3. Digging roots to backfill the original soil: firstly, determine the excavation diameter. Generally, the excavation diameter of deciduous trees should be 3-5 times of the trunk diameter. The digging diameter of evergreen trees should be 6-8 times of the trunk diameter; Secondly, the depth of root cutting should be determined, which is generally two-thirds of the thickness of transplanted soil balls. When cutting roots, the roots should be trimmed. The principle of root pruning should be not to hurt the main root, which is beneficial to wrap the soil ball. According to the requirements and specifications of soil balls, soil balls are reserved. Finally, backfill the original soil. After removing impurities such as stones and tree roots from the excavated original soil, backfill the fine soil and fill it up.
4. Spray water to keep the roots from flooding: for trees with broken roots, pay attention to frequent observation. If the sun is strong and the temperature is high, it is necessary to spray water to moisturize. Attention should be paid to prevent water accumulation in roots in rainy season.
5. Digging: The best time to dig a hole after root cutting is before root callus appears and new roots grow. Generally, the excavated transplanted wood is about 1.20cm away from the root center, and it is dug vertically downward along the outer ring specified by the root width. In the process of excavation, when encountering thick roots, use a hand saw to cut them off to avoid root splitting. When the lateral roots are all cut off, push down the tree and cut off the main roots, so as not to damage the root bark and fibrous roots as much as possible and maintain the original soil. Finally, it is wrapped with wet straw bags and straw ropes for transportation. When digging, trees should be fixed with ropes to prevent branches from breaking or soil balls from breaking during digging. After digging, root pruning and soil ball trimming should be done in time to ensure that the soil ball does not crack.
6. Transportation: The quality of transportation and loading and unloading of trees is the key link that affects the survival of tree transplantation, because it is easy to cause physiological water shortage, scattered soil balls, bark damage and other consequences during transportation and loading and unloading. Therefore, it is necessary to shorten the transportation and loading time as much as possible, and carry out patient and meticulous work such as proper pruning, slow loading and unloading, stable paving and timely spraying water on trees.
7. Planting Luan trees: Before planting big trees, the planting position should be determined according to their growth habits, and the soil (including fertility and pH) should be improved. Generally, the specifications of tree holes are 2-3 times that of soil balls. When planting, the trees should be upright and oriented correctly (when transplanting, the trees should be planted in the original growth direction of into the pit, and the slow seedling stage will be relatively prolonged and the survival rate will be relatively reduced). The soil ball should be directly placed in the planting hole, unpacked and compacted in layers, and the trees should not be planted too deep, which should be consistent with the original planting depth. Backfill soil should be evenly mixed with organic fertilizer in the original habitat of transplanted trees. The transplanted wood should be supported to prevent the root from shaking and breathing, which will affect the survival. Water should be poured thoroughly, especially for the first time.
8. Moisturize the aboveground parts: (1) Wrap the trunk and thick branches tightly with straw rope, sacks, moss and other materials. After all-inclusive treatment, direct sunlight and hot air blowing can be avoided, and the evaporation of water from trunks and branches can be reduced; Second, it can store a certain amount of water and keep the branches moist; Thirdly, the temperature of branches can be adjusted to reduce the damage of high temperature and low temperature to branches, and the effect is good. (2) Spray water: The aboveground parts of trees, especially the leaves, are easy to lose water due to transpiration, so spray water in time to keep moisture. (3) Shading: In the early stage of transplanting or in the high humidity and dry season, a shade shed should be built to shade the trees, so as to reduce the temperature in the shed and reduce the water evaporation of the trees. In areas with high density planted in rows and patches, greenhouses should be built to save materials and facilitate management; Individual tree planting should be carried out according to individual trees. Full crown shading is required, and the distance above and around the shade shed is about 50 cm from the crown, so as to ensure that there is a certain airflow space in the shed to prevent the crown from sunburn; The shading degree is about 70%, so that the tree can receive some scattered light and ensure the photosynthesis of the tree. In the future, depending on the growth of trees and seasonal changes, the sunshade net will be gradually removed.
9. Promote new roots: (1) Water control: The water absorption function of roots of newly transplanted trees is weakened, and the demand for soil moisture is small. Therefore, as long as the soil is kept properly moist. Too much water content in soil will affect the air permeability of soil, inhibit the respiration of root system, which is not good for hair roots, and will seriously lead to the death of rotten roots. Therefore, on the one hand, we should strictly control the amount of watering, water it for the first time when transplanting, and then water it carefully according to the weather, soil texture and inspection and analysis, and at the same time pay attention to prevent excessive water droplets sprayed on the ground from entering the root area; On the other hand, to prevent water accumulation in tree holes, water holes should be left when planting, and the water holes should be filled up or slightly higher than the surrounding ground after the first watering to prevent water accumulation in case of rain or watering. At the same time, in low-lying places where water is easy to accumulate, drainage ditches should be opened to ensure timely drainage in rainy days and prevent rainwater from drying up. In addition, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate groundwater level (generally below 1.5m). When the groundwater level is high, the water in the net ditch should be drained; When the water level rises in flood season, a deep well can be dug around the root system, and the underground water can be discharged to the outside with a pump to prevent the root system from being flooded.
(2) Protecting new teeth: The germination of new teeth is a sign of the physiological activities of newly planted trees and the hope for the survival of trees. More importantly, the germination of the above-ground parts of trees has a natural and effective stimulating effect on the roots, which can promote the germination of the roots. Therefore, in the early stage of transplantation, especially in the process of transplantation, it is necessary to protect the teeth sprouted by the re-trimmed trees, let them branch and grow leaves, and then trim and reshape them after the trees survive. At the same time, after the trees sprout teeth, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance work such as spraying water, shading, preventing diseases and insects. To ensure the normal growth of tender teeth.
(3) Air permeability of soil: keeping good air permeability of soil is beneficial to root germination. Therefore, on the one hand, we should do a good job of intertillage and loosen the soil, and pay attention to prevent soil hardening. On the other hand, soil ventilation facilities (ventilation pipes or bamboo cages) should be checked frequently. If blockage or water accumulation is found, it should be removed in time to maintain good ventilation performance.
10, other protective measures: (1) Support and fixation: trees attract the wind and should be supported and fixed immediately after planting to prevent toppling. Triangular piles are most beneficial to the stability of trees, and the supporting points should be two-thirds of the height of trees, and protective layers should be added to prevent damage to bark.
(2) Prevention and control of diseases and pests: adhere to prevention first, and make diligent investigations according to the characteristics of tree species and the occurrence and development law of pests and diseases. Once pests and diseases occur, prescribe the right medicine and prevent them in time.
(3) Fertilization: Fertilization is beneficial to restore growth potential. At the initial stage of transplanting, the root system has a low ability to absorb fertilizer, so it is advisable to apply fertilizer outside the root system, usually once every half month. A fertilizer solution with a concentration of 0.5%- 1% is prepared from urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other quick-acting fertilizers, and sprayed on the leaves in the morning and evening or in cloudy days, and sprayed again in rainy days. After the root system germinates, soil fertilization can be carried out, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently to prevent root damage.