Pruning crown: cultivating natural cup-shaped crown: after transplanting one-year-old grafted seedlings, leave dry height 1 m, cut off top, cut off mouth buds and leave strong buds. Keep pulling out new branches below 1 m, and you can choose to be the main branch. Generally, new branches 30-40 cm above the ground are left as the first main branches; 20-30cm above the first main branch, selecting a new branch as the second main branch; At 1 m, that is, the new branch extracted from the cutting bud is the third main branch. The three main branches should be evenly distributed around the trunk, and it is best not to rotate. When pruning in summer, the upright branches, sprouting branches and sprouting rootstocks on the main branches should be removed to avoid affecting the growth and early formation of the main branches. When cutting in the winter of the following year, the main branch is cut short, and the tender buds are cut off to keep the strong buds, so as to cultivate the extension branches of the main branch. In addition, select and leave suitable side branches on each main branch.
Planting: The plant spacing is 4m×5m or 3m×4m, and 500-840 plants are planted per hectare. The planting period can be from defoliation to germination. Taoyuan cannot be continuously cropped, otherwise the young trees will obviously weaken, the leaves will lose their green color, the new roots will turn brown and the branches will flow with glue.
Fertilization: the demand ratio of peach to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1∶0. 5∶ 1. Young trees should pay attention to controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth. After the full fruit stage, nitrogen fertilizer was added to enhance the tree vigor. The content of potassium in peach fruit is 3. Twice as much as nitrogen. If potassium fertilizer is applied, the fruit will be large and the yield will be high. Results The tree was fertilized three times a year: basal fertilizer 10- 1 1 was applied during deep ploughing in June, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 50% of the annual fertilization; From late April to May, strong fruit fertilizer was applied during fruit hard core stage, and potassium fertilizer was mainly applied to early-maturing varieties. The application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for middle and late-maturing varieties accounted for 15%-20%, 20%-30% and 40% of the whole year respectively. Fruit picking fertilizer is applied before and after fruit picking, accounting for 15%-20% of the whole year. In addition, the peach garden should be cultivated regularly to weed, keep the soil loose, and drain water in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.
Plastic surgery: make it more natural and happier. The height of the stem is about 60 cm, leaving 3-4 main branches, and the opening angle of the main branches is 50-60. Each main branch should have 65,438+0-2 auxiliary branches, and the branchlets on the main branch and auxiliary branches should be as few as possible. Pruning period includes winter pruning and summer pruning. Although the first-bearing trees (3-4 years after planting) have borne fruit, they grow vigorously with many white branches and dense branches. It is necessary to take summer pruning measures such as wiping buds, pinching branches and twisting branches to suppress the strong and help the weak and maintain the balance of trees. For peach trees in full fruit stage, due to years of fruiting, the tree vigor slows down, the number of long branches and secondary branches is obviously reduced, and the proportion of medium and short branches is increased. It is necessary to give priority to short branches, delete over-dense branches and strong branches at the top, and improve the lighting conditions between branches; Need to update weak branches in time.