SPJ-3 drilling rig (Figure 2-81) is a large-diameter rotary drilling rig. It is characterized by high drilling efficiency and is suitable for drilling loose Quaternary strata and bedrock. The machine has strong detachability, which can disassemble the drilling rig into parts (elevator, turntable, gearbox, etc.) and facilitate transportation. It is especially suitable for construction in areas with inconvenient traffic.

figure 2-81 SPJ-3 drilling rig

1-diesel engine; 2-mud pump; 3-host; 4-rig; 5— Traveling block; 6-faucet; 7— Drill pipe on board; 8— Turntable; 9— Rack; 1-universal rotating shaft

(I) technical performance of SPJ-3 drilling rig

the main technical performance of spj-3 drilling rig is shown in table 2-35.

table 2-35 technical performance 2-35 SPJ-3 drilling rig

(ii) transmission system of drilling rig

as shown in figure 2-82. The power of the power machine is divided into two paths through the transmission device, one path is transmitted to the mud pumps (two sets) through the V-belt, and the other path is transmitted to the friction clutch and input to the gearbox through the V-belt. The gearbox is three-axis and two-stage variable speed, and three different speeds can be obtained. A jaw clutch is installed on the output shaft in the gearbox. Through the meshing clutch, it is transmitted to the turntable through the universal shaft, so that the turntable can obtain three kinds of rotation speeds: forward and reverse. The other jaw clutch transmits power to the main hoist and the auxiliary hoist, and the main hoist shaft is equipped with an adjusting feed worm (overrunning clutch) for fine-tuning feed or manpower lifting; The shaft of the auxiliary hoist is equipped with a friction clutch, which is used to engage the power and control the engagement or disengagement of the auxiliary hoist.

fig. 2-82 transmission system 2-82 SPJ-3 drilling rig

1-input shaft (shaft I); 2-intermediate shaft (axis II); 3— output shaft (Ⅲ axis); 4,5-jaw clutch; 6-Adjust the feed worm; 7— Auxiliary winch friction clutch; 8-power machine; 9— Mud pump; 1-gearbox; 11— Main hoist; 12-auxiliary hoist; 13— Turntable; 14-friction clutch

1. friction clutch

the clutch structure is shown in figure 2-83. The clutch is installed in the triangle pulley. In order to reduce the radial force of the triangle pulley on the input shaft of the gearbox, the triangle pulley is installed on the damping sleeve with two sets of ball bearings, and the damping sleeve is directly fixed on the gearbox body with bolts.

figure 2-83 friction clutch

1-damping sleeve; 2-V pulley; 3— Drive shaft sleeve (passive friction pressure plate); 4— Pin spring; 5— Internal gear ring; 6-Active friction tabletting; 7-passive friction plate; 8— Pressing plate; 9-lever; 1— Roller; 11— Press the slider; 12-fork; 13-Lever support; 14-locating pin

The clutch is of dry friction type. The transmission shaft sleeve is assembled with the input shaft (the first shaft) of the gearbox by a hinge. The two sides of the active friction plate are riveted with asbestos material and have external teeth, which are combined with the internal teeth of the pulley; the passive friction plate has internal teeth and meshes with the external teeth of the transmission shaft sleeve; the passive friction plate is installed between the two active friction plates, and both the active friction plate and the passive friction plate can move along the axial direction. The compression disk also has internal teeth engaged with the external teeth of the transmission shaft sleeve. When working, the pressing slider moves to the left, and the lever is lifted to make the pressing disk press the driving and passive friction plates, so that the transmission shaft sleeve receives the power of the pulley and rotates, and transmits it to the gearbox. On the contrary, when the compression slider is pulled to move to the right, under the action of the pin spring, the active and passive friction plates are separated, and the clutch cuts off the power.

2. gearbox

as shown in figure 2-84a, figure 2-84b and figure 2-84c, there are three shafts in the gearbox, in which the middle shaft 6 and the shaft 2 are located in the same horizontal plane, the shaft 6 is the input shaft of the gearbox, and the shaft 5 is located at the middle lower end of the shaft 6 and the shaft 2, and the end faces of the three shafts are triangular.

fig. 2-84 gearbox

a: 1-gear change handle; 2-limit plate; 3,4-fork; 5-the second axis; 6-the first axis; 7-variable speed joystick; 8, 9, 1, 11, 12-gear B: 12-gear; 13— Toothed clutch sleeve; 14— Inner sleeve of jaw clutch; 15— Bevel gear; 16— Bevel gear with shaft; 17— Two-way jaw clutch; 18— Bevel gear; 19— Gear; 2-the third axis; 21— First shaft c:22— Upper box; 23— Lower box; 24,25— Connecting bolts; 26— the operating handle of the rotary jaw clutch

The gearbox shaft 6 is mounted on the case with two sets of ball bearings, and one end of the shaft extends out of the case and is connected with the clutch to receive power. The spline end in the middle of the shaft is equipped with a sliding gear and a double sliding gear, which are controlled by two forks and a speed change handle respectively. The handle is limited by a limit plate, which is fixed on the shell of the operation box with screws, and a limit slot is formed in it. When the handle is in the middle position of the limit plate, it is neutral.

the shaft 2 is supported on the box by a pair of tapered roller bearings, and two bevel gears 15 and 18 with teeth engagement are installed in the middle with rolling bearings, and a two-way tooth engagement clutch is installed in the spline part between them. Through the operation of the fork, the power can drive the bevel gears at both ends to rotate respectively, so that the universal shaft can obtain three different speeds of forward and reverse rotation. The other end of the third shaft is provided with a jaw clutch inner sleeve, which can mesh with the jaw clutch outer sleeve to drive the shaft head gear to transmit the rotary torque to the main hoist and the auxiliary hoist.

3. turntable

the structure of turntable is shown in figure 2-85. The large bevel gear of the turntable is installed on the turntable with two flat cones and fixed with screws. The turntable is supported on the main bearing of the turntable body, and a large bushing and a small bushing with square inner holes are arranged in the turntable.

figure 2-85 turntable

1-small square bushing; 2-stop plate; 3-generous heart-filling; 4-shifting column; 5— Main bearing; 6-key; 7-turntable; 8— large helical gear; 9— Small helical gear; 1— Gear shaft; 11— Bevel gear shaft; 12— Bevel gear; 13— Retaining ring; 14-base; 15— Support plate; 16-clip; 17— Bolt; 18-big nut; 19— Auxiliary bearing; 2— The square active drill pipe of the rotary table body

is inserted into the square hole. The lower bearing is installed at the lower part of the turntable with nuts to support the axial thrust generated by helical gear transmission. When the upper and lower bearings are worn, loosen a bolt and turn the big nut to adjust. The turntable body is fixed on the base with four bolts.

the power of the turntable is input by the universal shaft, and the flanges at both ends of the universal shaft are respectively connected with the gearbox and the turntable. The joint between the turntable and the cardan shaft end is a transmission box. The input power drives the big bevel gear and the turntable to rotate through the bevel gear, vertical shaft and small bevel gear of the transmission box. In order to prevent the small bushing from being thrown out during exercise, a stop plate is installed between the small bushing and the large bushing.

the turntable is fixed with a bolt with a shift post for the screw pipe. There are two pipe-screwing support plates on the slideway of the turntable base, which are used to support the quality of the drilling tool and bear the reaction torque. When unscrewing the drilling tool, first take out the large and small bushings from the turntable, move the pipe-screwing support plates to the middle and pin them firmly. Then the lower cushion fork can be used to clamp the lower incision of the drilling tool joint and put it on the support beam, and the upper cushion fork can be used to clamp the upper incision of the drilling tool joint and put it on the support beam on the turntable to be unscrewed. When the pipe is unscrewed, the rotation of the turntable drives the shifting column to hit the tail of the upper cushion fork, and drives the cushion fork to rotate to unscrew the drilling tool.

except the upper main bearing in the turntable is lubricated by grease, the other bearings and gears are lubricated by lubricating oil in the gear box and splashed.

4. Main hoist

The main hoist is a planetary mechanism, and its structure is shown in Figure 2-86.

figure 2-86 main hoist

1-lifting plate; 2-improving belt making; 3— Internal gear ring; 4— Planetary gears; 5-planetary support plate; 6-sun gear; 7— Drum; 8-winch spindle; 9-Braking belt; 1— Bolt; 11— transmission gear

The left end of the winch spindle is equipped with a one-way overrunning clutch. Fine-tuning feed can be realized by handwheel operation, or it can be used as manpower lifting when the power machine fails.

One-way overrunning clutch is a roller-type directional clutch, which can only transmit one-way torque. Used in machinery to prevent reverse rotation and complete unidirectional transmission.

the structure of the one-way overrunning clutch is shown in fig. 2-87. the ratchet spline is installed at the end of the winch spindle, and the worm wheel is sleeved outside the ratchet wheel. when the inner circle of the worm wheel is assembled with the ratchet wheel, six chutes are formed, and each groove is equipped with rollers and springs. When the winch is lifted, the spindle rotates to drive the ratchet wheel to rotate rapidly clockwise. As shown in Figure 2-88b, the roller on the ratchet wheel compresses the spring by friction, and the roller presses against the space of the wide groove. The worm wheel is out of contact with the ratchet wheel, and the worm wheel does not rotate, while the winch is lifting.

figure 2-87 one-way overrunning clutch

1-worm; 2-handwheel; 3-spring; 4-worm wheel; 5-ratchet; 6— Roller

When the one-way overrunning clutch is used for fine-tuning feed, the power of the hoist should be disconnected first, and the lifting handle of the hoist should press down the lifting disc. At this time, the brake handle is in a relaxed state. When it is necessary to control the feed force and feed speed, turn the handwheel to make the worm wheel rotate clockwise. Under the pressure of the spring and the friction of the worm wheel, the roller will be pushed into the narrow wedge angle of the chute, so that the worm wheel and the ratchet wheel can be clamped with each other, as shown in Figure 2-88a. So as to drive the ratchet wheel and the main shaft of the winch to rotate, force the drum to rotate and tighten the steel rope, and achieve the purpose of adjusting the feeding force and the feeding speed. When the power machine fails, the handwheel can also achieve the purpose of lifting the drilling tool manually. The winch brake is belt-making.

Figure 2-88 Schematic diagram of working principle of one-way overrunning clutch

1-ratchet; 2-spring; 3-roller; 4-worm wheel

5. The auxiliary hoist

auxiliary hoist transmission mechanism is friction type, as shown in Figure 2-89. The power of the winch is input by the transmission gear fixed at the left end of the winch spindle, and the spindle is driven to rotate through the Ping Jian. Both ends of the spindle are supported on the bearing seat with rolling bearings, and the drum is installed in the middle of the spindle with two sets of rolling bearings. The friction clutch is installed on the left side of the winding drum to drive the winding drum to control the combination or separation of the hoist.

figure 2-89 auxiliary hoist

1-transmission gear; 2-key; 3-bearing seat; 4-auxiliary hoist spindle; 5— Drum; 6— Clutch control handle; 7— Oil filler plug; 8— belt making

The upper part of the ring making at the left end of the drum is equipped with a belt making brake, as shown in Figure 2-9. The brake is operated by pedal and connecting rod mechanism. When braking is needed for a long time, it can be locked by the handle and the stop pin of the claw pedal.

The belt-making is reset and loosened by means of springs and spring plates, and nuts are used to adjust the gap uniformity between belt-making and loop-making. The two rolling bearings supporting the drum are lubricated by the oil sealed in the drum: that is, the oil plug is removed and the oil is added to the drum, and the other bearings are lubricated with butter.

Figure 2-9 Brake Belt of Auxiliary Hoist

1-Pedal; 2-axle pin; 3-claw card; 4-handle; 5-connecting rod; 6-spring; 7-adjusting nut; 8— Spring plate; 9— Nut; 1— hanging nails

6. The machine frame

is welded by section steel, on which the main hoist, the auxiliary hoist, the gearbox, their operating mechanisms and protective devices are fixed, and there are two gears on the machine frame; The pow of that gearbox can be transmitted to the main hoist and the auxiliary hoist respectively. At the bottom of the frame, there are 6 bolts connected with the rig base.

7. Transmission device

The transmission device (Figure 2-91) is composed of the diesel engine base, the auxiliary control part of the diesel engine and other transmission parts. The transmission shaft is connected with the power machine through the coupling. The transmission shaft is equipped with four triangle pulleys. C-type triangle pulley is used to output power to the gearbox clutch of drilling rig; Two B-type triangle pulleys are used to drive small generators or for other purposes.

figure 2-91 transmission device

1-coupling; 2-transmission shaft; 3-bearing seat; 4-bolt; 5— V-belt pulley driving the drilling rig; 6— V-belt pulley driving mud pump; 7-Triangle pulley for driving lighting generator; 8— V-belt pulley 357

(3) Installation of drilling rig

Level a solid site around the predetermined orifice, with an area of not less than 54m2. Then according to the mark on each beam, lay each beam of the base. When laying, the longitudinal beam shall be laid first, then the beam, then the beam and then the beam. After paving, check whether the position of the whole base frame and the orifice is correct, whether there is a gap between the bottom beam and the ground, and if so, fill it in; Check whether the bottom beam is level, and if not, level it.

after the above work is finished, the ground installation of the tower body will be started. During installation, the horseshoe seat is fixed on the bottom beam with screws, then the tower body is pinned on the horseshoe seat, then the tower body and another tower body are pinned in turn, and finally the two tower legs are connected with the crown beam. During the above installation, all sections of the tower body should be leveled to make them in a straight line. Then, the crown block and the change gear are respectively fixed on the crown frame by bolts, and the second-floor platform is installed on the tower leg. If the hole is shallow and the quality of drilling tools is not great, a 2×3 pulley system can be applied. There are three pulleys on the crown block, and one pulley is reserved for later hanging the soil sampler, so the hanging wheel can not be installed. If only drill pipes are put in the tower, the leaning frame should be perpendicular to the body selection, and the movable leaning frame should be opened. If the drill pipe is laid horizontally, the movable leaning frame should be folded, and the leaning frame should be tied to the tower leg and form an included angle of 45 with the tower leg.

install the tower, fix the tower support on the base, and lay it horizontally. After installation, screw in the ground anchor and install the guy rope. Generally, the depth of screwing into the ground anchor is about 2m, but it can be deeper in sandy soil stratum, and it should be screwed into the ground anchor for more than 1.5m in case of extremely hard stratum. The ground anchor used to lift the tower can be slightly shallower. Among the four guy ropes tied to the tower body, the front two are tied to the ground anchor and the tower body, and the back two are only tied to the tower body, and then tied to the ground anchor after the tower is erected; Three guy ropes are used for lifting the tower, and the front one is fastened at both ends, while the back two are only tied to the tower. After that, the mud pump, diesel engine and elevator can be installed. Fix the diesel engine and elevator on the rig base, and install the mud pump on the ground, and its position shall be limited to the proper tension of the V-belt. Then erect the tower. Tighten the guy rope of the lifting tower, and wind the wire rope of the main elevator around the drum. One end of the wire rope is fixed on the drum, and the other end first passes through the lifting tower (Figure 2-92), then bypasses the crown block, passes through the traveling block, and finally is fixed on the base beam under the tower foot with the wire rope clamp. Then hang the U-shaped ring of the traveling block on the lifting ring of the tower.

Figure 2-92 Schematic diagram of vertical drilling rig

Before standing up the drilling rig, it is necessary to check whether the drilling rig and power machine are normal; Whether the ground anchor, rope clamp, pin and screw are reliable; Whether the guy rope is damaged. After the inspection, the diesel engine can be started, the elevator can be started, and the tower can be erected at low speed. In the process of erecting the tower, as the tower rises, attention should be paid to let the nut slide in the supporting slideway of the tower until the tower is completely erected, and the sliding will be terminated. Then, the nut is fixed at the end of the slideway with screws and splints, and the guy rope of the tower is initially tightened. At this point, the verticality of the tower can be tested. If the tower is not vertical, the base can be moved as a whole, or a gasket can be added between the horseshoe seat and the base. If there is any distortion, it can be adjusted by adding guy ropes on the two legs of the tower. Finally, tighten the guy rope, take off the traveling block, remove the tower and guy rope, wind the wire rope of the auxiliary elevator, install the turntable, lay the bedplate and install the protective cover. After the above work is completed, you can prepare to spud.

(4) Maintenance of drilling rig

The working condition of drilling rig and the length of its service life depend on its skilled operation, careful maintenance and correct maintenance.

1. Shift maintenance requirements for drilling rig

1) Always keep the surface of the machine clean, pay attention to the temperature rise of all parts, and stop for inspection if the temperature rise exceeds 4℃;