Ginkgo biloba cultivation technology Ginkgo biloba is a rare and precious tree species and a special economic fruit tree. In recent years, the purchase price of ginkgo has been increasing, which has aroused the enthusiasm of the people to plant ginkgo. However, Ginkgo biloba grows slowly and its seedlings bear fruit late. It usually takes more than 20 years to blossom and bear fruit, and the yield is low. Through grafting, selecting excellent varieties, rational close planting and strengthening management, Ginkgo biloba can bear fruit early and have high yield. First, we should vigorously develop excellent varieties in the breeding and high-yield cultivation of improved varieties of Ginkgo biloba. At present, the giant Buddha, bergamot and Dongting Emperor in Jiangsu; The bergamot at the bottom of the garden in Zhejiang and Guangxi, the Daikin pendant in Shandong and Dayuanling are all famous varieties. When selecting varieties, we must follow the principle of regionalization, comprehensively consider climate factors and site conditions, and cannot introduce blindly. Second, seedling propagation 1. Sowing and seedling raising (1) Choose a place with flat terrain, sunny leeward, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, water source and good drainage as the seedling raising place. Carry out full cultivation and deep tillage on the nursery land, and apply 2000-3000 kilograms of ring fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer mixed with calcium superphosphate per mu. (2) Accelerating germination and sowing. Sowing in autumn can be done immediately after seed collection, and there is no need to accelerate germination. If you sow in spring, germination should be accelerated. Before the vernal equinox, take out the seeds stored in the sand, put them in a plastic shed or greenhouse, pay attention to moisture retention, and sow after more than 60% of the seeds germinate. Ginkgo biloba can be sown by drilling, sowing, seed sowing and drilling, and the effect is good. Ditching in the nursery according to the row spacing of 20-39 cm, the ditch depth is 2-3 cm, and the sowing width is 5-8 cm. When sowing, the seeds should be placed north and south, the radicle is downward, the seed suture line is vertical or parallel to the ground, and the seed tip is horizontal, so that the seedling emergence rate is high, the root system is normal, and the seedlings grow healthily. The plant spacing is 8- 10c m. After sowing, cover with fine soil and plastic film, and clear the plastic film in time after emergence, which can make the emergence early and orderly. (3) The seedling growth period is short, the growth stops early, and the root system is underdeveloped. Topdressing can obviously promote seedling growth. Fertilizer can be applied once in mid-April, mid-May and mid-July, and the annual fertilizer application rate is per mu10-12kg of urea. When applying fertilizer, measures should be taken to ensure that the fertilizer is not too close to the seedlings to avoid burning the roots and leaves. Ginkgo biloba is afraid of waterlogging and drought, so it should be well drained and irrigated. Ginkgo biloba seedlings grow slowly and have poor competitiveness with weeds, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time. 2. Cutting seedling is to apply sufficient manure on loose soil with good drainage, and cut the ground into small pieces to make cuttings and seedbeds. Bed width1-1.2m, and length varies from place to place. (1) The L-3-year-old branches of cuttings are selected from excellent ginkgo trees, cut into cuttings with the length of 10- 15 cm, and the lower end is treated with rooting powder and dipped in 10 second. (2) Cutting is carried out in mid-March, with row spacing of 8- 10 cm, plant spacing of 3-5 cm, and 2-3 buds are left above ground. Water it in time after insertion. Close the soil and cuttings. When cutting in the open field, an arched plastic film shed should be built to keep it warm and moist. Keep the temperature in the shed at about 20℃ and water it twice a day. Cuttings can take root about 4 0 days after cutting, and then gradually increase the light transmittance. When the new branches grow to 3-4 cm, they can be transplanted. Transplanting should be carried out on cloudy days, and attention should be paid to shading and moisturizing. The survival rate of cutting can reach more than 90%. Planting techniques 1. Choosing a place for ginkgo biloba has a long life and a long benefit time, so choosing a place is very important. Ginkgo biloba is a light-loving tree species, so it is advisable to choose sunny slope with small slope as afforestation site. The requirements for soil conditions are not strict, but neutral or slightly acidic soil with thick upper layer, moist and fertile soil and good drainage is better. 2. Planting (1) and rational allocation of pollination trees Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious plant. In order to achieve high yield, pollination trees should be rationally allocated. Male plants with the same variety and flowering period as female plants were selected, and the ratio of male to female plants was 25 ~ 50: 1. The configuration mode adopts 5 or 7 square centers, and can also be configured at the four corners. (2) Reasonable close planting of Ginkgo biloba leaves slow growth in the early stage, and close planting can improve the land utilization rate and increase the yield per unit area. Generally, the plant spacing of 2.5X3m or 3x3.5m is adopted, and 88 or 63 plants are planted per mu. After the lines are sealed, they are transplanted. First, move a row from the plant spacing to the plant spacing of 5x3m or 6X3m, with 44 plants per mu or 3 1 plant. Transplant one row from the original row spacing to 5X6m or 6X7m plant spacing every few years, with 22 plants per mu or 6x7m plant spacing. (3) Improved varieties and strong seedlings are the material basis for early fruiting and high yield of Ginkgo biloba, and seedlings with height-diameter ratio greater than 50: 1, taproot length of 30cm, uniform lateral roots and new shoots growing more than 30cm in that year should be selected for planting. In addition, seedlings must have strong terminal buds, full lateral buds and no pests and diseases. (4) The planting time of Ginkgo biloba leaves is mainly in autumn and spring, and in autumn it is planted in 10- 1 1 month, which can make the roots of seedlings have a long recovery period and prepare for the germination of new buds in the next spring. Planting before germination in spring is not as good as planting in autumn because the aboveground parts germinate quickly and the roots don't have enough time to recover. (5) Planting method: When planting Ginkgo biloba, the planting nest should be dug according to the designed plant spacing, with the specification of 0.5 ~ 0.8x0.6 ~ 0.8m After digging the nest, the topsoil should be filled and the fermented fertilizer containing calcium superphosphate should be applied. When planting, the root system of seedlings should stretch naturally, align with the front, back, left and right seedlings, and then fill the surface. The planting depth should be 2-3 cm from the soil to the original soil of seedlings, and the buried depth of seedlings should not be too deep. After planting, root water should be poured in time to improve the survival rate. Four. Fertile soil management (-) fertilization 1. During the fertilization period, generally, Ginkgo biloba is only topdressing 1 time in the current year, fertilizing 3 times a year from the second year to the initial stage of fruiting, and fertilizing 4 times a year after fruiting. The first fertilization is long foliar fertilizer, which is carried out at the initial stage of root activity when the ground temperature rises, usually in mid-March. The second fertilization is long fruit fertilizer, which is carried out from late June to early July. The third time is to strengthen wood fertilizer, which will be carried out in the middle and late July. The fourth time is health-care fertilizer or Xie Guo fertilizer, which will be carried out from September to 10. 2. Fertilization method (1) Soil fertilization Dig a fertilization ditch 30cm away from the vertical projection edge of the crown, apply fertilizer, and cover the fertilization ditch with loose soil. You can also spread fertilizer evenly between trees when the trees grow up and the roots are all over the woodland, and then plow them into the soil. (2) foliar fertilization is labor-saving and time-saving, with good effect. Chemical spraying and sprinkler irrigation can be combined. Add 0.2-0.5 kg urea into 100 kg water, and spray it on the leaves after the urea is dissolved. 3. Fertilization amount: 0. 1-0.5 kg urea per young tree and 0.5- 1.0 kg urea per adult tree. In addition, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be applied. (2) soil management 1. Intertillage weeding: carried out in the growing season, 3-4 times a year, can eliminate weeds, loosen soil, promote microbial activities, and have a good effect on promoting the growth of trees and roots. 2. Soil cultivation: Ginkgo biloba planted on the hillside and the edge of the ground has serious soil loss. In autumn, it should be cultivated to thicken the root soil layer and combined with fertilization. Five, pest control. 1. Disinfect the soil before sowing ginkgo damping-off disease, and sprinkle 2.5 kilograms of ferrous sulfate or 4 kilograms of carbendazim per mu. After getting sick, you can spray carbendazim (1 medicine to 200 parts of water) or thiophanate-methyl (1 medicine to 500 parts of water). 2. To control rice leaf roller in winter, the trunk was scrubbed with 5 kg of quicklime, 0. 1 kg of dichlorvos, 0/kg of salt 1 kg and 20 kg of water, which can achieve good control effect. Spraying phoxim and omethoate 1000 times in adult stage. 3. 1 part of dichlorvos, 30 parts of water and a few drops of kerosene are used to control longicorn beetles. Soak the medicine with cotton ball and stuff it into the cavity, or catch the adult artificially during the adult occurrence period.