Advantages: 1, good moisture absorption and air permeability, soft to the touch and comfortable to wear; 2. Simple and natural appearance, soft luster and good dyeing performance; 3, alkali resistance and heat resistance are particularly good.
Disadvantages: 1, lack of elasticity and rigidity, easy to wrinkle; 2, the color fastness is not high, and it is easy to fade; 3. Clothes have poor shape retention, and are easy to shrink out of shape after washing (shrinkage rate is usually around 4%~ 12%); I am particularly afraid of acid. When concentrated sulfuric acid pollutes cotton cloth, the cotton cloth is burnt into a hole. When acid (such as vinegar) accidentally touches clothes, it should be cleaned in time to prevent acetic acid from causing fatal damage to clothes.
Washing method: 1. All kinds of detergents can be used, either by hand or by machine. However, due to the poor elasticity of cotton fiber, do not use large scouring when washing, so as to avoid the deformation of clothes and affect the size; 2. White clothes can be washed with strong alkaline detergent at high temperature to play a bleaching role. Underwear should not be soaked in hot water to avoid yellow sweat spots. Shirts of other colors are best washed with cold water. Do not use detergent or washing powder containing bleaching ingredients to avoid decoloration, and do not pour washing powder directly on cotton fabrics to avoid partial decoloration. 3, light color and white can be soaked for 1~2 hours, and the washing decontamination effect is better. Don't soak the dark color for too long to avoid fading. Wash it in time, add a spoonful of salt to the water, and the clothes will not fade easily. 4. Dark clothes should be washed separately from other clothes to avoid dyeing; 5. When the clothes are washed and drained, fold them and squeeze out a lot of water or wrap them in towels to squeeze out water. Never twist it hard, lest the clothes be deformed. Don't drip dry, so the clothes will be excessively deformed after drying; 6. After washing and dehydration, it should be quickly leveled and dried to reduce wrinkles. Except for white fabrics, do not expose to the sun, so as to avoid the accelerated oxidation of cotton cloth due to exposure, thus reducing the service life of clothes and causing fading and yellowing. If it is dried in the sun, it is recommended to dry it from the inside out.
(B)[ Wool] protein fiber
Advantages: 1 Wool is a kind of good hydrophilic fiber, which has very good hygroscopicity and breathability. The worsted fabric with light and smooth surface is most suitable for summer wear. Wool fabrics such as Paris and Valentine belong to this kind of fabric; 2. Wool has natural curl, which can form many stagnant air gaps as barriers and has good warmth retention, so thick gabardine and fragrant cloth are very suitable for spring and autumn clothing; 3. Wool is soft and natural in luster and soft to the touch. Compared with other natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, silk, etc., it has very good stretchability and elastic recovery, and has good wrinkling and shape retention after ironing, so it has good appearance retention.
Disadvantages: 1 When wool is rubbed, the wool fibers stick together and shrink (that is, the shrinkage rate of 20% is within the normal range); 2, wool is easy to be eaten by insects, and frequent friction will cause pilling; 3. Wool is not resistant to light and heat, which is fatal to wool; 4, wool is particularly afraid of alkali, choose neutral detergent when cleaning, otherwise it will cause wool shrinkage.
Washing method: 1. If you use a washing machine, don't use a pulsator washing machine. It is best to use a drum washing machine, and only soft programs can be selected. If hand washing is the best, rub it gently, not with a washboard; 2, the detergent must be neutral, such as: clean, soap tablets, sweater detergent, do not easily use washing powder or soap, otherwise the clothes will easily shrink; 3. It is best to soak in cold water for a while (10~20 minutes) before washing, so the washing effect will be better. The water temperature should be as low as possible, and it is absolutely not allowed to exceed 40 degrees, otherwise the clothes will easily shrink when washing; 4, the washing time should not be too long (3~5 minutes), in order to prevent shrinkage, when using the washing machine to dehydrate, it should be wrapped with dry cloth, and one minute is appropriate; 5. When clothes are washed and drained by hand, they should be folded, and a lot of water should be squeezed out or wrapped with towels to squeeze water. At this time, the force should be moderate, and it is absolutely not allowed to twist, so as not to shrink the clothes; 6. Soak the washed clothes in water with 2 ~ 3 drops of vinegar for 5 minutes, then wash them with clean water 1~2 times to neutralize the alkali in the clothes, so that the wool fabric is bright in color and soft in texture; 7. When drying, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry. It should not be hung and dried, but only semi-hung, so as to avoid deformation and exposure to strong sunlight, so as to avoid the loss of luster and elasticity of the cloth and reduce the service life of the clothes; 8. It is recommended to dry-clean all-wool or high-grade clothes blended with wool and other fibers, and dry-clean jackets and suits.
Daily maintenance: 1. When the worn clothes need to be stored due to seasonal changes, they should be cleaned to avoid mildew or moth-eaten caused by sweat stains and dust; 2. When storing, it is best not to fold. It should be hung on a hanger and stored in a cupboard to avoid wrinkling when wearing it. Appropriate amount of mildew and moth-proofing drugs should be placed to avoid mildew and moth-proofing; 3. Store clothes away from light and direct sunlight to prevent fading; 4. Be sure to take it out to dry (don't expose it to the sun), dry it more in hot and humid season, pat off dust to remove moisture, and let it cool completely after drying. 5. If the woolen clothes are deformed, they can be hung in a place with hot steam, or sprayed with a steam iron for a period of time to restore the original state (for example, staying in a hotel on business and hanging a pleated suit in a bathroom with steam 1 hour); 6. When ironing, do not iron directly. It is required to iron with a wet cloth to avoid strong light.
Tips: 1, cashmere is called cashmere, so when it comes to cashmere, it means cashmere; 2. Wool-polyester fabric refers to the fabric blended by wool and polyester, which can not only keep the advantages of wool, but also give play to the advantages of polyester, and is the most common blended wool fabric at present; (For example, worsted wool polyester tweed, also called cool tweed, is commonly known as "wool is really cool". Compared with wool tweed, wool polyester tweed has lighter texture, better wrinkle recovery, stronger wear resistance, easier washing and drying, more durable wrinkles, more stable size, less moth-eaten, and less smooth hand feel. ) 3. Wool-viscose blended fabric refers to the fabric blended by wool and viscose fiber. In order to reduce the cost of wool fabric, the style of wool fabric will not be obviously reduced due to the mixing of viscose fiber. Due to the mixing of viscose fiber, the strength, wear resistance, especially wrinkle resistance and bulkiness of the fabric will obviously deteriorate.
(3) Silk protein fiber
Advantages: 1, full of luster and elasticity, with a unique "silky feeling", and it has a drooping and elegant feeling when worn on the body; 2. Silk has good hygroscopicity, smooth and soft feel, and is more heat-resistant than cotton and wool.
Disadvantages: 1, the crease resistance of silk is worse than that of wool; 2. Silk has poor light resistance and is not suitable for long-term exposure in the sun; 3, silk, like wool, belongs to protein fiber, especially afraid of alkali; 4, silk clothes are easy to absorb and not strong enough; 5. Fading will occur under light, water, alkali, high temperature and mechanical friction. Not suitable for machine washing, but dry cleaning is best.
Washing: 1, avoid alkaline detergent, choose neutral washing powder, soap or special detergent for silk (silk wool net); 2, cold water or warm water washing, before washing, it is best to soak clothes in water for about 5~ 10 minutes, not for a long time; 3, gentle washing, can be a lot of light rubbing, avoid twisting, avoid hard scrubbing; 4. When clothes are washed and drained manually, they should be folded, and a lot of water should be squeezed out or wrapped with towels to squeeze water. At this time, the force should be moderate, and twisting is absolutely not allowed, so as to avoid doubling and seriously damaging the fabric; 5. When washing with ordinary washing powder or soap, soak the washed clothes in water with 2 ~ 3 drops of vinegar for 5 minutes, and then wash them with clean water 1~2 times to neutralize the alkaline substances on the clothes and keep the bright color of the silk fabric; 6. Generally, it is advisable to hang it on a hanger with water and put it in a cool place to dry. Avoid sun exposure and dryness. 7, dark silk fabrics should be rinsed with water to avoid fading; 8. Wash separately from other clothes; 9, avoid twisting; 10, not exposed to the sun, suitable for drying in the shade, so as not to reduce the fastness and cause fading, yellowing and color deterioration.
Maintenance method: 1. Clothes should be washed, ironed and dried before collection, which can play the role of sterilization and insect prevention. It's best to fold them and wrap them in cloth. It's best to store them separately, and don't squeeze them. 2. Velvet clothing such as golden velvet must be hung up and stored with a hanger to prevent velvet from being crushed; 3. Don't put mothballs on silk, otherwise the white clothes will turn yellow; 4. If you iron silk clothing, you can iron it with white cloth when it is 70% to 80% dry, but the temperature of the iron should not be higher than 130℃, otherwise the silk clothing will be damaged or "brittle", which will affect its service life. Don't spray water when ironing, so as not to leave water stains and affect the appearance. 5. The color fastness of silk clothes is extremely poor. After exposure, it will fade and turn white when washed, resulting in white lumps. Treatment: put the clothes into 3% ice vinegar solution (or white vinegar) for leveling for 20 minutes, and constantly stir the clothes by hand during leveling.
(4)[ flax]
Advantages: 1, breathable, unique cool feeling, sweating does not stick to the body; 2, bright color, good natural luster, not easy to fade and shrink; 3. The thermal conductivity and hygroscopicity are larger than those of cotton fabric, so it is insensitive to acid-base reaction, mildew-proof, and not easy to get wet and moldy; 4, moth-proof and mildew-proof effects are better.
Disadvantages: 1, rough feel, uncomfortable to wear, easy to wrinkle and poor drape; 2. Hemp fiber is hard and has poor cohesion.
Washing method: 1, basically the same as cotton fabric washing requirements; 2. It should be softer than cotton fabric when washing, and it should not be brushed with a hard brush or rubbed hard to avoid fabric fuzzing, and it should not be twisted hard after washing; 3. Don't soak colored fabrics in hot water or expose them to strong sunlight to avoid fading; The clothes can be ironed after 78% dry. If the clothes are dry, water must be sprayed before ironing. After 30 minutes, the reverse side of the cloth can be ironed directly and the temperature can be slightly higher. The front of white or light-colored clothes should be ironed at a slightly lower temperature, so as not to wrinkle, so as not to become brittle.
(5) viscose fiber
Viscose fiber is made of wood pulp and cotton linter, from which natural fiber is extracted. These natural fibers are finally made into viscose fibers after special process treatment.
Viscose fiber includes: modal fiber, matte yarn, viscose fiber, rayon, rayon (rayon) and rayon.
Advantages: 1, viscose fiber has good hygroscopicity (the strongest hygroscopicity among ordinary chemical fibers), good air permeability and good wearing comfort; 2. Viscose fiber fabric is smooth and soft, silky, smooth to the touch, good in dyeability and not easy to fade;
Disadvantages: 1, viscose fiber feels heavy, has poor elasticity, is easy to fold and is not stiff; 2. Not washable, wear-resistant, easy to fluff, poor dimensional stability and high shrinkage; 3. Not resistant to alkali and acid.
Wash: 1. When washing, it should be soaked with washing, and the soaking time should not exceed 15 minutes, otherwise the dirt in the washing liquid will soak into the fiber again; 2. Viscose fiber fabric hardens when it meets water, and the fiber structure is very unstable. Wash lightly when washing to avoid fuzzing or cracking; 3. Use neutral detergent or low-alkali detergent, and the temperature of the washing liquid should not exceed 35 degrees; 4. When draining water after washing, fold the clothes and squeeze out a lot of water to avoid twisting to avoid excessive deformation; 5. After washing in lotion, wash with clean warm water first, and then wash with cold water. Otherwise, there will be some detergent fixed on the clothes, which is not easy to wash off, making the light-colored clothes yellow; 6. Avoid exposure to the sun after washing, and dry it in a cool or ventilated place to avoid fading and reduce the life of the fabric. 7. Thin chemical fiber fabrics, such as rayon quilt cover and rayon, should be dry-cleaned and not washed to avoid shrinkage and deformation.
Maintenance: 1, minimize friction and pulling when wearing, and change frequently to prevent deformation after wearing for a long time; 2. After washing, drying and ironing, viscose clothing should be stacked flat and open in light and dark colors, and should not be hung in the wardrobe for a long time to avoid elongation and deformation; 3. Viscose fiber clothing has strong hygroscopicity, and it is necessary to prevent mildew caused by high temperature, high humidity and unclean environment when collecting; 4. When ironing, it is required to iron the low-temperature pad cloth. When ironing, use less push and pull to let the clothes stretch naturally.
(6)[ Acrylic Resin]
Acrylic fiber is a synthetic fiber made of 85% acrylonitrile and 15% polymer. Its properties are similar to wool, so it is also called "synthetic wool".
Acrylic fiber includes: acrylic fiber, synthetic wool and raschel.
Advantages: 1, light and soft, fluffy and warm, looks and feels like wool, and has good warmth and elasticity; 2, heat resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance (except strong alkali), not afraid of moth and mildew, with a high degree of sun resistance (exposure for one year will not be bad); 3. Easy to clean and dry.
Disadvantages: 1, the wear resistance is worse than other synthetic fibers, and the elasticity is not as good as wool; 2, the water absorption and dyeing performance are not good enough, and the dimensional stability is poor; 3, acrylic clothes are prone to static electricity, uncomfortable to wear and easy to get dirty; 4, acrylic fiber structure is not firm, should be gently rubbed when washing.
Wash: 1. Soak in warm water 15 minutes, and then wash with washing powder. Rub gently, don't use the washboard. Brush thick clothes with a soft brush. Finally, when dehydrating, gently wring out the water, and don't wring it. Plastic after dehydration to avoid deformation. 2. Pure acrylic fabrics can be dried, but blended fabrics should be dried in the shade; When ironing, you need to iron the front of the clothes with a wet cloth. The temperature should not be too high and the time should not be too long to avoid shrinkage or aurora.
Maintenance: 1. Because this fabric is not afraid of insects, there is no need to put mothballs when collecting, as long as it is kept clean and dry; 2. When the clothes are wrinkled, flatten them and soak them in lukewarm water. Then take it out and flatten it slightly, and the lighter wrinkles will be flat.
(7)[ polyester]
The raw material of polyester fiber is a kind of synthetic fiber extracted from oil and natural gas and processed by special technology.
Polyester includes polyester fiber and polyester.
Advantages: 1, high fabric strength, wear resistance and durability; 2, the color is bright and durable; 3, feel smooth, crisp, elastic, and should not be deformed, wrinkle-resistant and shrink-proof; 4, easy to wash and dry, no need to iron; 5, acid and alkali resistance, unfavorable corrosion.
Disadvantages: 1, poor air permeability, worse hygroscopicity, sultry to wear; 2, dry season (winter) easy to generate static electricity, easy to absorb dust; 3. Polyester fabrics are prone to pilling when rubbed. Once pilling occurs, it is difficult to fall off.
Washing: 1, wash with cold water or warm water without strong twisting; 2, easy to dry in the shade after washing, not exposed to the sun, so as not to wrinkle when heated; Add a wet cloth when ironing, and the temperature should not be too high. The reverse side of dark clothes is best ironed.
(8) spandex
Spandex includes: spandex, lycra (Raqqa), frame and spandex.
Advantages: 1, high ductility, good shape retention and no wrinkling; 2. Soft and smooth, with the best elasticity, comfortable to wear and considerate; 3, acid and alkali resistance, wear resistance and aging resistance; It has good dyeability and should not fade.
Disadvantages: 1, poor hygroscopicity; 2, spandex is usually not used alone, but blended with other fabrics.
(9) Nylon (also called nylon) [nylon or polyamide]
Advantages: 1, strong and wear-resistant, is the most wear-resistant synthetic fiber; 2, the weight is lighter than cotton and viscose fiber; 3. It is elastic, and its shaping and shape-keeping degree is second only to polyester; 4, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, not moldy and not rotten.
Disadvantages: 1, low hygroscopicity and poor comfort, but better than acrylic and polyester; 2, poor light and heat resistance, yellowing and aging after long-term sun exposure; 3. High contractibility; 4, clothes are easy to pilling when worn for a long time.
Washing method: 1, the requirements for detergent are not high, and the water temperature should not exceed 40 degrees to avoid running when the temperature is too hot; 2. Don't rub violently when washing, so as to avoid pilling; 3. Wash the light-colored fabric several times after washing, otherwise it will turn yellow after a long time; 4, avoid exposure and drying, should be dry in the shade; 5, nylon has poor heat resistance, so it must be ironed at low temperature, and it must be steamed, not dry ironed.