Question 2: How to grow hawthorn? First, apply base fertilizer in autumn.
It is best to do it in time after the fruit is picked in late autumn, which can promote the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by trees and is conducive to the differentiation of flower buds. It is best to use organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and a certain amount of chemical fertilizer. Mix the chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer or soil properly before applying it into the ditch to avoid burning the roots.
Second, timely ring cutting.
The girdling or girdling of young hawthorn trees can temporarily intercept the organic nutrients made by leaves, so as to supply them centrally, blossom and set fruit or form flower buds. From the end of May to the end of June, the smooth part of the trunk was cut into xylem with a blunt blade, and "Cuihuawang No.2" was used to control the shoot and promote the flower.
Third, topdressing in flower and fruit period.
Topdressing before flowering is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which is generally about 25% of the annual application; Topdressing in young fruit stage mainly improves the nutritional conditions for early differentiation of flower buds; Potassium fertilizer is the main topdressing in fruit expansion period, which mainly promotes fruit growth and increases carbohydrate content of hawthorn. Spraying foliar fertilizer and "Zhuangguodiling" before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage every year can thicken the flower stalks and fruit stalks of hawthorn, prevent falling flowers and fruits, and improve the fruit expansion speed.
Fourth, be careful when pruning.
The pruning of hawthorn trees should be mainly in winter, and it should be reformed, renewed and rejuvenated. The verticillate backbone branches and peripheral dense branches, competitive branches, clustered branches, pests and diseases branches and main side branches with weak shrinkage should be thinned out, and buds in appropriate positions should be selected for small regeneration to cultivate strong branches. The methods of rejuvenation of weak branches and carving of bare buds were reformed. When pruning, the wound is sealed and protected with "calluses antiseptic film" to prevent dryness and pests.
Five, timely watering before harvest
According to the experiment, the hawthorn orchard that can be watered in time before harvesting increased the yield by 20% ~ 45% compared with the control orchard in that year, and the more drought it is, the more obvious the effect of increasing the yield is. In addition, watering the hawthorn orchard before harvesting can improve the flower bud differentiation rate of hawthorn by more than 20%, and can reduce fruit setting and fruit dropping before harvesting.
Six, disinfection and pest control
Spraying a mixture of "Tree Protection General" and 5 pomegranates of sulfur before dormancy in winter and germination in spring to protect flower buds, disinfect and sterilize, keep warm and prevent freezing. From early May to early June, 2500 times of Misanli solution was sprayed to control red spider and peach fruit borer. Spraying 1 times of "new high-fat film"+insecticide+fungicide to control peach fruit borer and ring rot respectively in mid-June, late July and early August. Spraying 1 times before germination, spraying 1 times 50% carbendazim wettable powder in bud stage and June to prepare 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
Hawthorn has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of its good economic, ecological and living benefits. Therefore, fruit farmers should do a good job in the management of hawthorn orchards to achieve stable and high yield of hawthorn.
Question 3: What are the basic conditions for planting hawthorn trees (1) Temperature: hawthorn trees like warmth, but they do not grow well in hot areas; Some species and varieties are hardy. Generally, it grows normally in areas where the annual average temperature is 6~ 15 degrees Celsius, the annual accumulated temperature is greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius, and the absolute minimum temperature is above MINUS 34 degrees Celsius, which is suitable for cultivation. Some cold-tolerant varieties can still grow normally in areas where the annual average temperature is 2.5 degrees Celsius, the annual accumulated temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius, and the absolute minimum temperature is -4 1.2 degrees Celsius. However, in cold areas, hawthorn trees, flower buds and fruits are prone to freezing injury.
(2) Illumination: Hawthorn is a light-loving tree species, but it also has certain adaptability to poor lighting conditions. Under the condition of meeting the lighting requirements, the yield is high and the quality is improved. Therefore, fruit trees are surrounded by many branches outside the crown, with many fruits and large fruits. When the light is sufficient, the fruit is bright in color, nutritious and rich in vitamin C.
(3) Moisture: Hawthorn trees are drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant. According to the determination of Shiquan Agricultural College in Henan Province, the safety degree of soil water content is 9.34~ 1 1.66%, the wilting degree is 7.28~9. 13%, and the fatality degree is 5.8~8.6%. Areas with annual rainfall above 700 mm and soil water content above 15% can grow normally, and high-yield cultivation can also be realized when there is little rainfall but water irrigation conditions. Although hawthorn is relatively resistant to waterlogging, it should not be planted in soil with high or low groundwater level to prevent poor root growth and hinder tree development.
Question 4: The cultivation methods, management methods and characteristics of cultivation techniques of hawthorn trees.
1. grafting method is widely used in mass propagation and planting hawthorn seedlings. Wild hawthorn or cultivated varieties can be used as rootstocks. The seeds in cultivated seeds often degenerate, only 25% ~ 30% of them are serious, so the sowing amount should be increased when raising seedlings. Because of the ossification of the core-shell outside the seed kernel, it is difficult to ventilate and absorb water. The germination rate after sowing by conventional methods is extremely low, and sometimes it takes 2 ~ 3 years after sowing to emerge. Therefore, it is necessary to collect seed stratification in advance when the seed embryo is formed and the core-shell is not hardened.
Normally harvested seeds, treated with gibberellin with the concentration of 100 ppm (100Ppm) and then stored in sand, can also greatly improve the germination rate. The sowing amount per thousand square meters is about 18kg for small seeds and 37kg ~ 45kg for large seeds. In addition, when propagating a small number of rootstocks, natural tillering can also be used, or the root section of hawthorn with a thickness of 0.5 cm ~ 1 cm can be directly cut into a length of about 15 cm, and the roots can be cut to raise seedlings in spring, or the varieties can be grafted on the root section to cut seedlings. The specific grafting operation technology is similar to that of apples and pears.
Hawthorn new roots occur earlier in spring, and Huaibei area is suitable for sowing and seedling raising in autumn. The plant spacing is 3 ~ 4m in barren soil, and 4 ~ 5m in fertile soil and flat terrain. When planting, two or three varieties should be planted on the branches to improve the fruit setting rate.
2. Pruning the uncontrolled growth of hawthorn trees often leads to too many branches in the whole tree and dense branches in the crown, which affects the yield and quality. According to the growth characteristics of hawthorn branches, the tree shape of evacuation layered shape, natural round head shape with multiple main branches or natural happy shape can be used for modeling. The tree structure of evacuation battens is the same as that of apples, which can be used for reference. However, hawthorn is weak in dryness and prone to the phenomenon of dryness and crown. In plastic surgery, it can be controlled and adjusted by cutting off the bud cutting direction or replacing the extended branches of the central trunk. When the central trunk is seriously inclined and difficult to cultivate, it can also be removed according to its growth and changed into a natural happy tree. 3 ~ 4 main branches with a base angle of 45 ~ 50 degrees are reserved in the whole tree, and then auxiliary main branches are appropriately cultivated on each main branch to occupy space. When using multi-branch natural round head shaping, according to the natural growth of branches, the main branches can be arranged and spread at an appropriate interval of about 30 cm, and the whole tree can cultivate 6-7 main branches.
Hawthorn trees in full fruit stage mainly retract and rejuvenate the fruiting mother branches that have been bearing fruit for several years, so as to prevent the fruiting parts from moving out, stabilize the yield and maintain good growth. In particular, branches that have been drooping for many years should be retracted on branches that are 3-5 years old. When the phenomenon of big and small years occurs due to too many fruits, the excessive fruiting mother branches should be thinned in the New Year to keep the ratio of mother branches to developing branches at 2: 1 or 1: 1. It is also possible to cut off some sparse inflorescences on weak branches before flowering in bud stage to promote flower bud differentiation. When the canopy is seriously closed, some big branches will flow or retract first, and some developed branches will be pruned at the same time.
3. Soil, fertilizer and water management and other basic fertilizers should be applied in early autumn. Topdressing can be carried out according to the specific conditions of germination, leaf spreading, flowering and fruit expansion. Topdressing and foliar spraying boron (with 0.5% boric acid solution) in spring flowering period can significantly improve the fruit setting rate and promote the growth of new shoots. For New Year trees, top dressing should be strengthened in the later period (August-September) to promote flower bud differentiation. In case of fruit drop caused by drought, irrigation or loosening soil and covering grass should be carried out to alleviate the drought.
In production, there will be a serious phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits on hawthorn, which will affect the yield. The reasons include tree fatigue, poor pollination and fertilization, soil drought, insufficient light, etc., and corresponding measures should be taken according to different situations. For fruit drop or delayed flowering caused by poor pollination and fertilization, gibberellin solution with a concentration of 50ppm, especially the cloth flower cluster, can be sprayed from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage, which can increase the fruit setting rate by more than 2 times1~ and make the fruit color mature ahead of time.
4, the main pests and diseases and their prevention and control
Hawthorn diseases are generally not serious. Sometimes flower rot and powdery mildew occur. Flower rot is harmful to leaves, newly grown flowers and fruits. On the basis of clearing the garden, Bubomei 5 degree stone sulfur mixture can be sprayed before germination, and Bubomei 0.4 degree stone flow mixture or 700 times 50% thiophanate methyl can be sprayed after leaf development to prevent powdery mildew. Insect pests mainly include scarabs and spiny moths that eat leaves or flowers, fruit-eating insects, juice-sucking tetranychus, etc., which can be controlled according to the occurrence law of apples and pears.
Question 5: When is the best time to plant hawthorn? Hello.
Generally, spring is the best, March-April. Planting management is difficult in other seasons, and the survival rate will be reduced.
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Question 6: What season is suitable for planting hawthorn trees? Generally speaking, spring is the best, from March to April Planting management is difficult in other seasons, and the survival rate will be reduced.
Question 7: How many months does the hawthorn tree plant hawthorn core, which is the seed of hawthorn? It is best to sow in spring or autumn, and the soil planted should have enough fertilizer to ensure nutrition; The seeds need to be buried about 70 cm, watered and fertilized later, and can be transplanted after the new seedlings grow.
Question 8: When can I plant hawthorn trees from the year before last? I want to play ball and transplant them. I want to put them here.
Question 9: When will hawthorn be planted? Hello.
Generally, spring is the best, March-April. Planting management is difficult in other seasons, and the survival rate will be reduced.
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