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Understand the dyeing method of jade.
Acid etching method: jade is soaked in hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and other solutions, taken out, heated and colored, red with alkali, yellow with potassium permanganate, black with mercury sulfide and so on. Different proportions of acid, different soaking time, different formula and different effects.

Burning method: the jade is coated with sodium hydroxide, wrapped with lime (calcium oxide), suffocated in sawdust for two days and taken out as chicken bone white. Soaking in cold water while it is hot will cause cow hair lines, and adding potassium permanganate in cold water will cause bloody cow hair lines. When it needs to be colored, it is also dipped in dye while it is hot, and finally polished with sandpaper and sheep oil.

Black leather forgery method: after the jade is boiled with water, it is wrapped with old cotton, put on an iron grate, burned with fire, and watered after the cotton is dry. Black spots are because black penetrates into the bone instead of floating on the surface and does not turn white.

Jade is an object made of natural jade. China had jade articles as early as 8,000 years ago, and they have continued to this day. The appearance of jade is the continuation and innovation of ancient stone tools.

The difference between jade and stone tools lies in the difference in texture and processing methods. Raw natural jade is jade material. Shuo Wen Jie Zi says: "The beauty of stone is jade", and all beautiful stone products are within the scope of jade. The jades in Shi Mei are mostly interwoven with tremolite and actinolite, which is different from the stones that can be hammered into shape.