In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang's "Warring States Policy Chu Ce I": "A tiger seeks all kinds of animals and eats them, and it gets its fox. The fox said,' I dare not eat me! It's against God's will to let me grow all kinds of animals to eat me now. I don't believe you. I am your son first, and then you are your son. Do you dare not leave after seeing all the animals see me? "The tiger thought so, so he followed, and all the animals saw it. The tiger walked away and didn't know that he was afraid of himself, thinking that he was afraid of the fox. "

[Morality]

People use it to mean to bully others by relying on others' strength.

It also satirizes those who use other people's power to cheat.

The fox pretended to be a tiger. Metaphor relies on the strength of others to bully others.

The story is about the tiger looking for all kinds of wild animals to eat and catching a fox. The fox said, "You dare not eat me! God sent me to be the leader of wild animals, and now you have eaten me, which is against God's command. If you think my words are dishonest, I will walk in front of you, and you will follow me and watch all kinds of wild animals dare not run when they see me? " The tiger thought what the fox said was reasonable and followed. The beast saw them all run away. The tiger didn't know that the wild animals were afraid of themselves and ran away. They think they are afraid of foxes.

2. Eat your bread and taste your courage

Source: Historical Records Goujian's Family: "The King of Yue, Goujian, rebelled and suffered from his will. He was afraid of sitting and lying down, eating and drinking." Sleep pay: sleep on dry wood. Taste the gall: taste the gall.

Interpretation: salary; Firewood. Sleeping on straw still smells of bravery after eating and sleeping. It originally refers to the story of Gou Jian, the King of Yue in China during the Spring and Autumn Period, who made great efforts to restore the country. Later it evolved into an idiom to describe people who work hard and make great efforts.

Canon: In 496 BC, He Lv, king of Wu, sent troops to attack Yue State, and was defeated by Yue State. He Lv was seriously injured and died. He Lv asked Wu Zixu to choose his successor. Wu Zixu loved Fu Cha alone and chose him as king. Since then, Gou Jian heard that Wu wanted to build a water army, and despite the opposition of others, he sent troops to destroy the water army. The result was surrounded by Fucha Jones and was defeated. The general also died. Fu Cha wanted to capture Gou Jian alive, but Fan Li made a plan and pretended to surrender, leaving a green hill without firewood. Fu Cha didn't listen to the advice of veteran Wu Zixu, leaving Gou Jian and others behind. After three years of humiliation, he was finally put back to Yue. Gou Jian secretly trained elite soldiers, sleeping every night without a mattress, just laying some firewood (called salary in ancient times), and hanging a bravery in the house. In order not to forget the shame of the past, he will taste bitterness from time to time.

In order to inspire the people, Gou Jian joined the work of the Queen and the people, and made the country stronger with the help of Vietnamese Qi Xin.

On one occasion, Fu Cha led most of the troops in the country to hold a meeting and asked Gou Jian to lead troops to cheer. Seeing that the time had come, Gou Jian pretended to go to the meeting, took 3,000 chosen men, captured the main city of Wu, killed the king of Wu and captured Fu Cha. Fu Cha regretted not listening to Wu Zixu and left Gou Jian behind. Before he died, he just asked not to hurt the people of Wu.

Step 3 take care of thatched cottages

Source: The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhuge Liang, "The Model of Teacher": "The first emperor can't deny his ministers, give up on himself, and take care of his ministers in the grass."

Interpretation: Gu: Visit; A thatched cottage. It was originally a story about Liu Bei's visit to Zhuge Liang at the end of Han Dynasty. Metaphor is sincere, inviting and visiting sages with expertise many times.

Allusion: The yellow turban insurrectionary rose at the end of Han Dynasty, and the world was in chaos. Cao Cao sat in the imperial court, and Sun Quan supported Dongwu. Liu Bei, the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, heard that Xu Shu and Si Mahui said Zhuge Liang was very knowledgeable and talented, so he came to Wollongong with gifts together with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei (now in the west of Nanyang, Henan Province, and southwest of Xiangyang, Hubei Province) and asked Zhuge Liang to come out to help. It happened that Zhuge Liang was out that day, so Liu Bei had to turn back in disappointment. Soon, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei braved the snowstorm and invited them for the second time. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang went out for a walk again. Zhang Fei doesn't want to come again. Seeing that Zhuge Liang was not at home, he urged him to go back. Liu Bei had to leave a letter expressing his admiration for Zhuge Liang and asking him to come out of the mountain to help him save the country's crisis. After a while, Liu Bei was a vegetarian for three days and was ready to invite Zhuge Liang again. Guan Yu said that Zhuge Liang may have a hollow reputation, but he may not have real talent and learning, so he doesn't have to go. Zhang Fei, on the other hand, advocated that he should make a phone call alone and tie it up with a rope when he didn't come. Liu Bei scolded Zhang Fei and went to visit Zhuge Liang with them for the third time. At this time, Zhuge Liang was sleeping. Liu Bei dare not disturb him. He stood until Zhuge Liang woke up and sat down to talk to each other.

Zhuge Liang saw that Liu Bei was interested in doing things for the country and sincerely asked him for help, so he came out to help Liu Bei establish the Han Shu Dynasty.

4. A frightened bird

From: Chu Ce IV of the Warring States Policy; "Jin Shu Jian Wang Zhuan": "Pride is easy to move, but it is difficult to decide if you are surprised."

Explanation: Birds frightened by bows and arrows are not easy to settle down. Metaphor means that a frightened person is afraid when he meets a little movement.

Story: Lei Geng and Wang Wei are standing under a tall pavilion. They look up and see a bird. He said to Wang Wei, "I don't need an arrow. Just pull the bowstring white and I can make the bird fall." Wang Wei shrugged his shoulders and said with a smile, "How can your archery be so superb?" Lei Geng said confidently, "Yes." After a while, geese flew overhead. I saw Lei Geng pull the bow and buckle the string, and with a bang, I saw the geese rush to the heights first, then flopped feebly in the air a few times, and then fell headlong. Wang Wei was surprised for a long time without disturbing his mouth. He clapped his hands and shouted, "Oh, I didn't expect archery to be so superb!" " Lei Geng said, "It's not that my archery is superb, but that this wild goose has a hidden injury." Wang Wei is even more strange: "The wild goose is far away. How do you know that it has a hidden injury?" Lei Geng said, "This wild goose flies very slowly, and its song is very sad. According to my experience, flying slowly is because it has internal injuries; It is sad because it has long been separated from the group. The lone goose was still in shock and flew away when she heard the sharp bowstring sound. I fell down because I suddenly flapped my wings too hard, causing the old injury to burst. "

5. Supplement number.

Source: Han Feizi's "On Han Feizi's Concealment": "When Qi Xuanwang makes people brag, there must be 300 people. Chu Shi in the south invited ② to blow for the king, announce the king's yue ③ and eat 400 people. " After the death of King Xuan, Wang Limin heard about it and Chu Shi ran away. "

Interpretation: people who can't blow are mixed in the team that blows. Metaphor means that you have to be equipped with ability if you don't have the ability, and inferior goods pretend to be good goods.

Allusion: Qi Xuanwang, the ancient monarch of Qi, loved music, especially listening to the flute. He has 300 musicians who are good at playing the flute. Qi Xuanwang likes to be lively and ostentatious, and always wants to show the majesty of the monarch in front of people, so every time he listens to the flute, he always asks the 300 people to play for him.

A Southland gentleman heard about Qi Xuanwang's hobby and thought it was a good opportunity to make money. He ran to Qi Xuanwang and boasted, "Your Majesty, I am a famous musician. No one who has heard me play the flute is unmoved. Even birds and animals can dance and flowers will tremble with the beat. I would like to dedicate my stunt to your majesty. " Qi Xuanwang was very happy to hear this. Without investigation, he accepted him very readily and put him in the 300-member blowteam.

After that, Mr. Nan Guo took the 300 people to Qi Xuanwang to play an ensemble, enjoying the same generous treatment as others, and he was extremely proud.

In fact, Mr. Nanguo told a big lie, and he couldn't blow it out at all. Every time I play ball, Mr. Nan Guo is mixed in the team with a shovel in his hand. He shakes his body when people shake it. Others shook their heads, and he shook his head. His face pretended to be emotional and forgot me. He seems to be as devoted as others, and really can't see any flaws. In this way, Mr. Nanguo cheated day after day and got a salary for nothing.

But it didn't last long. A few years later, Qi Xuanwang, who loved ensemble, died, and his son Min succeeded to the throne. King Qi Min also likes to play the flute, but unlike Qi Xuanwang, he thinks it's too noisy for 300 people to play together, so it's better to play solo. So King Qi Min issued an order to these 300 people to practice hard and get ready. He would let these 300 people play one by one in turn for him to enjoy. After receiving the order, the musicians actively practiced and wanted to show their skills. Only Mr. Nan Guo, who has just made up a few words, is anxious like an ant on hot bricks. After thinking about it, he felt that he couldn't go on this time, so he had to pack up and run away overnight.

6. Return to Zhao intact.

Origin: Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru records: "Lin (? n) was ordered to take Baoyu to Qin State 15 City. Seeing that Qin Wang was insincere, he finally sent Baoyu back to Zhao by his own cleverness. "

Interpretation: This means that Lin Xiangru returned He Shibi from Qin to Zhao in good condition. After the metaphor returned to the original intact.

Story: During the Warring States Period, Zhao Wang got a precious treasure jade "He Shibi". After knowing this, the king of Qin wrote a letter and sent someone to see the king of Zhao, saying that the king of Qin was willing to exchange fifteen cities for this treasure jade.

The prince of Zhao read the letter and thought that the king of Qin always wanted to take advantage and refused to suffer. Why are you so generous this time? If you don't agree, you are afraid of Qin's attack. If you agree, you are afraid of being cheated. He couldn't make up his mind, so he consulted with the ministers. Ministers can't think of any good way.

Knowing this, Lin Xiangru said to the prince of Zhao, "Your Majesty, let me take' He Shibi' to the king of Qin, and I will play it by ear when I get there. If the king of Qin refuses to exchange fifteen cities, I will definitely bring back' Heshibi' intact. " Knowing that Lin Xiangru was a brave and witty man, the prince of Zhao agreed to go.

When Lin Xiangru arrived in Qin, the king of Qin greeted him in the palace. Lin Xiangru dedicated his "Harmony" to the King of Qin. The king of Qin took it and looked left and right. He likes it very much. After reading it, he handed it to the ministers one by one and then to the concubines in the harem.

Lin Xiangru stood there alone, waiting for a long time, but he didn't see the king of Qin ceding fifteen cities, knowing that the king of Qin didn't have the sincerity to exchange these cities for Baoyu. But Baoyu has been in the hands of the king of Qin. How can I get it back? He thought about it and came up with a way. He went up to the king of Qin and said, "Although this piece of' Heshibi' looks good, it has some problems. Let me show it to the king. " When the king of Qin heard something was wrong, he hurriedly asked someone to take Baoyu from the harem to Lin Xiangru.

Lin Xiangru took a few steps back with the "Harmony Jade", leaned against the pillar and said angrily to the king of Qin: "At the beginning, this king sent a letter to the king of Zhao, saying that he was willing to exchange fifteen cities for Zhao's" Harmony Jade ". Minister Zhao said, don't believe Qin's lies. I don't think so. I said that the people still speak faith, not to mention the king of Qin! The prince of Zhao took my advice, and this just sent me to send' and choi'. Just now, the King took Baoyu and gave him to the people below to walk around, but he didn't mention the change of the fifteen cities. From this point of view, the king did not really have the sincerity to exchange the city for the wall. Now I have Baoyu. If the king insists on persecuting me, I would rather hit my head on this pillar with this treasure jade! " Lin Xiangru said, and lifted the "and choi", to the post, and fell over.

The king of Qin wanted the samurai to rob him, but he was afraid that Lin Xiangru really broke Baoyu. He quickly apologized to Lin Xiangru and said, "Don't worry, doctor, my words don't count!" He asked someone to bring the map, pretending to point to it and saying, "From here to there, fifteen cities will be given to Zhao." Lin Xiangru thought, the king of Qin often plays tricks, don't be fooled by him again! He said to the king of Qin: "This piece of' Heshibi' is a world-famous treasure. When I sent it to Zhao Guolai, Wang Zhao fasted for five days and held a grand ceremony to send Baoyu at the court. Now that the king wants to take this treasure jade, he should fast for five days and hold a ceremony in the court to take it before I can present it. " The king of Qin said, "Good! Just do it! " He sent someone to take Lin Xiangru to the hotel to rest.

Lin Xiangru took Baoyu's piece and went to the mansion. He asked one of his men to dress up as a businessman, wrapped Baoyu in his body and sneaked back to Zhao through the alley. As for what the king of Qin would do to him, he didn't even consider it.

Later, the king of Qin found out about it, and it was too late to regret it. He wanted to send troops to attack Zhao, and Zhao was afraid that he could not win, so he was ready militarily. Finally, the king of Qin had to let Lin Xiangru return to Zhao. This matter is known as "returning to Zhao in perfect condition". Today, people tell this story and give a thumbs-up to Lin Xiangru's heroic behavior.

7. Jingwei Reclamation Area

Source: Notes on Shan Hai Jing: "The daughter of Emperor Yan is called a girl. The girl drowned while swimming in the East China Sea, so she was Jingwei. She often drowned in the East China Sea with the title of wood and stone in Xishan. "

Explanation: Jingwei: the name of a bird in ancient mythology. Jingwei brought wood and stones and decided to fill the sea. In the old days, it was a metaphor of deep hatred and revenge determination. The latter metaphor is determined and not afraid of difficulties.

Allusion: Emperor Yan had a daughter named Nuwa. This girl is very clever. When the Yellow Emperor saw her, he couldn't help praising her. Emperor Yan regarded this girl as the apple of his eye.

Emperor Yan is not at home, and the girl plays alone. She really wants her father to take her out to see the East China Sea where the sun rises. But because my father is busy with business: work at sunrise and rest at sunset; Day after day, I can't take her away. On this day, the girl rowed the boat alone to the place where the sun rose in the East China Sea without telling her father. Unfortunately, there was a sudden storm at sea, and a mountain of waves overturned the girl's boat. Unfortunately, the girl fell into the sea and was finally swallowed up by the ruthless sea and never came back. Emperor Yan missed his little daughter, but he couldn't illuminate her with sunshine and bring her back to life, so he had to lament alone.

When the baby girl died, her soul turned into a bird with a flower head, a white shell and red claws, and gave a cry of "Jingwei, Jingwei", so people called this bird "Jingwei".

Jingwei hates the heartless sea for taking away her young life, and she wants to avenge herself. So she kept walking a pebble from the pigeon Xana where she lived, spread her wings and flew to the East China Sea. She went back to the rough sea, groaning, throwing stones and branches, trying to fill the sea.

The sea roared and laughed at her: "bird, forget it." You will work for a million years and you will never fill me! " "

Jingwei answered the sea at high altitude: "Even if you work for 10 million years, 10 million years, until the end of the universe and the end of the world, I will eventually fill you up!" "

"Why do you hate me so much?"

"Because you took my young life, you will take many young and innocent lives in the future. I will work endlessly, and one day I will fill you up. "

Jingwei flew and sang, left the sea and flew back to Faduo Foshan to get stones and branches. Holding and throwing, she flew back and forth for several years and never stopped. Later, a petrel happened to see Jingwei while flying over the East China Sea. He was puzzled by her behavior, but after understanding the whole story, Haiyan was moved by Jingwei's fearless spirit, so she married him and gave birth to many birds, with women like Jingwei and men like Haiyan. Little Jingwei, like their mother, also went to pick up stones and fill the sea. Until today, they are still doing this kind of work.

8. Steal the clock.

From the Warring States Period "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Self-knowledge": "If the people have a clock and want to go without it, the clock will be too big to fail. Destroy it with vertebrae, and the bell will ring. I am afraid that people will smell it and take it away, covering their ears. "

Interpretation mask: cover, cover; Steal: steal. Steal the bell and cover your ears for fear that others will hear you. Metaphorically, you are deceiving yourself, and you must try to cover up what you can't cover up clearly.

Allusion: Once upon a time, there was a man who was stupid, selfish and had a bad habit of taking advantage. No matter what he likes, he always tries his best to get it and even steal it. Once, he took a fancy to a bell hanging on a gate. The doorbell of this door is exquisite, beautiful and loud. He thought, how can I get it? Finally decided to steal it. He knew that if he touched the bell with his hand, it would ring. As soon as the doorbell rings, the ear will hear the bell. When it rings, people will find it. You won't get a bell. So what should we do?

He suddenly thought of a way. He thinks that when the doorbell rings, his ears will hear it. Cover your ears, so you can't hear? So, he cleverly used this method to steal the doorbell. One night, he quietly came to the front door by moonlight. He reached for the doorbell, but it was too high to reach, so he had to come back disappointed. What does he want to do when he gets home?

He wants his deaf neighbors to steal the bell together, so that he can step on his shoulder to pick the bell. But I was afraid that others would not do it and steal with him, so I had to step on the stool and pick the bell myself. The next night, he crept to the gate with a stool. He stepped on the stool, covered his ears with one hand and picked up the bell with the other. Who knows that he just touched the bell when it rang, and the owner of the house found it and caught him. Because other people's ears are not covered, they can still hear the bell.

9. Buy a gift and return the pearls.

Source: Han Fei, pre-Qin, Han Fei's "Zuo Zhuan of Han Fei Zi" Original: Chu people sold pearls to Zheng, which were Mulan's cabinets, smoked with cinnamon peppers, decorated with pearls and emeralds, decorated with roses and braided with feathers and emeralds. Zheng people buy rafters and return pearls. This can be said to be a best seller, but it is not a good pearl.

Explanation: I bought the affairs box and returned the pearls. Metaphor has no vision and improper choice.

Allusion: A businessman in the State of Chu sold his pearls to people in the State of Zheng. (Jewelry) is packed in wooden boxes, which are made of magnolia trees, smoked with cinnamon peppers, decorated with (exquisite) pearl jade, decorated with jewelry and decorated with kingfisher feathers. Zheng's men bought the box, but returned the jewels to the merchant. This can be said to be good at buying boxes and not good at buying pearls.

10, wait for him.

Source: Han Feizi's Five Plants of Han Feizi (dù) Pre-Qin: Song people had cultivators and plants in the fields. The rabbit touched the plant, broke its neck and died. Because they were released, they stood by their plants and they regained their rabbits. Rabbits can't get them back, so they are Song's.

Interpretation: The original metaphor refers to the luck of trying to succeed without effort. Now it is also a metaphor for sticking to a narrow experience and not knowing how to change it.

Allusion: There was a farmer in Song State who was digging in the field. Suddenly, he saw a rabbit running out of the grass beside him in a panic, hitting a stump by the field and lying there motionless. The farmer went over and saw that the rabbit was dead. It broke its neck because it ran too fast. The farmer was very happy and picked up a fat and big rabbit effortlessly. He thought; If rabbits can be found every day, life will be easier. Since then, he has never tried farming again. He put his hoe beside him every day and lay in front of the stump, waiting for the second and third rabbits to hit the stump by themselves. There are so many cheap things in the world. Not only did the farmer fail to find the killed hare, but even his fields were abandoned.