Jade in China can be divided into nephrite and jadeite.
Emerald, commonly known as "Emerald" in China, is a rising star in traditional jade in China, and also the top grade in all modern jade. Common jadeite colors are white, gray, pink, light brown, green, emerald green, yellow-green, purple and so on. Most of them are opaque, partly translucent and glassy. According to color and texture, there are more than 20 varieties, such as ruby green, brilliant green, yellow sun green, sunny green, glass green, Ying Ge green, spinach green, shallow water green, light sun green, frog green, melon skin green, plum blossom green, blue-green, gray green, oil green, violet, lotus root powder land and so on.
Nephrite is called real jade, such as white jade, sapphire, clear white jade, jasper, jet and so on. All have waxy luster, pure milky white. Judging from the jade articles of past dynasties, nephrite is the main jade used in China, and ancient nephrite is called traditional jade in China. The common colors of nephrite are white, gray, green, dark green, yellow and black. Most nephrite are opaque, and some nephrite are translucent and glassy. The varieties of nephrite are mainly divided according to different colors. The best white jade, as white as suet, is called suet jade. Sapphire is grayish white to bluish white. At present, some people call off-white sapphire sapphire. Jasper is green or dark green, and sometimes black spots can be seen, which is caused by impurities such as chrome spinel minerals. Containing many impurities, when it is black, it is a precious jet. Topaz is also a precious variety. Sapphire has a yellow shell with sugar water, which is called "sugar jade" by the existing people, "pink jade" by some people when the white is slightly pink, and "tiger jade" by some people when the tiger skin is colored.
People who play jade for the first time are most afraid of encountering fakes because they don't understand jade. At present, the identification of glass imitation jade products on the market is probably the most common and simple one among fakes. Common ones are bare small rings, chicken hearts and jade pieces called "emeralds". Because this kind of glass product is made by casting mold, the high-temperature glass liquid will overflow a little at the edge of the object when it is combined, and it will become a slightly convex fan line after cooling. Touch it with your hand, and your eyes will find something. If you look at the light with a magnifying glass, there must be large and small bubbles inside.
If experts are not invited, people who use jade for the first time should identify the authenticity of jade by themselves, which can be observed from three aspects:
1. Because the texture of glass is very brittle and hard, the structure is clearly arranged, and it lacks the density and toughness of jade, so it can't stand strong and high-speed rotary carving, so it is generally impossible to process high relief and round carving on glass.
Second, use a magnifying glass to find bubbles, even if you can only see one, you can confirm that it is not jade.
Thirdly, chromium oxide is added into the glass, and the color is close to ruby; Adding cobalt oxide, the color is close to sapphire; Adding chromium oxide and copper oxide, the color is close to emerald ... and so on, there are many kinds of fake jade. However, their colors are always relatively thin, lacking the oily and rich feeling of natural jade color.
The identification of new jade and old jade is different. The identification of new jade focuses on the authenticity of the variety, the quality of the texture and the fineness of the sculptor. The identification of old jade is relatively complicated. In addition to several basic requirements, new jade also needs to identify its production and historical value.