Guo Wei, Guo Wei, a native of Yaoshan, Xingzhou. According to legend, he has a flying sparrow tattooed on his neck, so he is also called Guo Qier. He claimed to be from a poor family (in fact, his father Guo Jian was the secretariat of Zhou Shun in the later Jin Dynasty), and he became a military envoy. On his deathbed, Emperor Gaozu Liu Zhiyuan took Guo Wei and Shi as ministers and asked them to assist Liu Chengyou (ornaments) who was only 18 years old. After Liu Chengyou acceded to the throne, Guo Wei was appointed as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, with military and political power in one. When Guo Wei received guests, he wore a wide robe and big sleeves and behaved gracefully. However, when he goes to war, he must wear a short suit. "Being in the forefront, we must take the lead and share the joys and sorrows with the soldiers." Guo Wei's contribution to Gao Zhen was inevitably doubted by the emperor. Yin Di Liu Chengyou once said to Guo Wei anxiously, "I dreamed that you turned into a donkey at night and carried me to heaven. When I came down, you became a dragon again and left me for the south. " Guo Wei laughed after listening. Yin Di may be afraid that Guo Wei and other life ministers will pose a threat to himself, or he may think that he has grown into an onion, so he killed Shi and others while Guo Wei was not in Kaifengfu, Kyoto, and sent someone to kill Guo Wei. When Guo Wei learned of the Bianjing incident, he discussed countermeasures with his cronies, saying that "Ren Pu advised Wei to oppose". In the name of Jun Qing, Guo Wei led the troops to Kaifeng. While sending troops to resist, Liu Chengyou killed all Guo Wei's family in Beijing. "Babies are out of the question." A few days later, Guo Wei "enemy at the gates of Kaifeng, Liu Chengyou was killed by mutinous soldiers. Guo Wei into Beijing, arson looting ". Guo Wei did not immediately proclaim himself emperor, but asked the Queen Mother to make Liu Zhiyuan's nephew Wei Liu heir. Guo Wei first sent ministers to Xuzhou to meet Liu, and then sent people to kill Liu on the road. In the name of the northern expedition to Khitan, Guo Wei led the army northward. In Iraq (now Puyang), the soldiers made him emperor, but he stayed at home. "The sergeant climbed the wall and entered the room, asking the emperor to be the emperor ... or having a yellow flag as the emperor's body, in order to change robes, the mountains shook." Later, Guo Wei returned to Bianjing and forced the Queen Mother to order him to supervise the country, but he still refused to proclaim himself emperor. Less than a month after the prison, Guo Wei officially ascended the throne. Because he claimed to be a descendant of his younger brother Guo Shu, he named this country Zhou (known as Houzhou in history), and the capital is still in Kaifeng and Bianjing. History is often surprisingly similar. Zhao Kuangyin, the general of Guo Wei and the founder of the Song Dynasty, directed "Chen Qiao mutiny" and "adding a yellow robe to the body", which was almost the same as Guo Wei's claim to the throne. Although Guo Wei was the son of the secretariat, he lost his father at an early age and became an orphan, and was raised by his aunt. He once said to Prime Minister Wang Jun, "I am a poor man and happened to be an emperor. How dare I support sick people from my own salary! " He not only tried his best to reduce the tax burden of the people, but also lived extremely frugally. He issued a decree prohibiting all localities from providing food and local products, not to mention treasures. Guo Wei not only banned the offering of treasures, but also had the jewels and jade articles, luxurious bed stools decorated with gold and silver, and tableware made of gold and silver moved to the main hall and smashed in public, saying, "Anyone who is an emperor, please use this!" And inform the relevant departments that all "beautiful things" are not allowed to enter the palace. In governing the country, Guo Wei modestly reused talented civil servants, and changed the ugly image of military and political affairs since Liang Dynasty with his actions. He said to the minister, "I grew up in the army, and I don't know anything about learning, and I'm not proficient in running the country and keeping the country safe." Civil and military officials directly write about benefiting the country and the people, not just writing useless words that whitewash peace. " This also had a great influence on Zhao Kuangyin's "literati government" devoted to the construction of the Song Dynasty. Cowhide is a war preparation material. Armored warships should wear cowhide, and soldiers' armor should also be cowhide. However, the following year, Guo Wei wrote a letter in the case of frequent wars: "Every year when people lose their cowhide, they will lose two thirds. Counting ten hectares of land, the tax will take one skin, and the rest will be used for personal use, but it is forbidden to sell in enemy countries. " Previously, "since the war, private sales of cowhide have been prohibited, and officials (governments) who know the losses will directly compensate." The so-called "straightening", in the late Tang and Ming dynasties, only salt was used as a repayment; At the end of Jin dynasty and in the middle of Tianfu, even salt was not given; The later Han dynasty was even more severe, "bootlegging cowhide is an inch dead." "However, folk daily necessities are indispensable. The emperor knows its disadvantages. Even so, Li Gu's suggestions are all in the field (shared in the field tax), and public and private must be divided. " Even Taizu, a war preparation material, is considering "convenience for both public and private", which shows his style of observing people's feelings. He also issued a decree that local officials should not levy taxes on the people under any pretext, and the miscellaneous taxes that prevailed in the past except the regular taxes will be abolished. At that time, when Hou Liang's great ancestor Zhu Wen conquered Huainan, he robbed tens of thousands of cows and rented them to farmers by the government. Decades and dynasties have changed, and many cows have died, but the government still collects rent. "The people are suffering." Knowing this situation, Guo Wei ordered "understanding the process of renting cattle" and exempted these cattle from rent. Some people also advised Guo Wei to "collect money" to become a powerful country, but Guo Wei said: "What is beneficial to the people is still in the country." Guo Wei realized that even in the extremely chaotic Five Dynasties, it was impossible to turn the country from chaos to governance only by belligerence. His thoughts have a great influence on the unification of China. Along this line of thought, under his careful management, the signs of enriching the people and strengthening the country appeared in a short time in the later Zhou Dynasty. Guo Wei not only laid a solid foundation for Zhou Shizong, but also laid a foundation for Zhao Kuangyin to continue his career. Guo Wei, a very frugal mausoleum, was emperor for only three years. He proclaimed himself emperor in the first month and died in the first month at the age of 5 1.