Steps/Methods Common jadeite varieties in the market:
Glass seed
The mineral crystal particles are micro-uniform, and the minimum average particle size can be less than 0. 01mm. Based on this calculation, there are 65,438+00,000 mineral particles in an area of one square millimeter on average, and the naked eye cannot feel the graininess. Jade is pure and delicate, with no cracked cotton lines, and the sound quality is crisp when it hits the jade body, which quite conforms to the traditional saying that jade is a treasure. Jade has high transparency and glass luster, giving people the overall feeling of being as clear and transparent as glass, so it is called glass species. Under normal circumstances, all kinds of glass come from old pits, so it is often called old pit glass in the industry. The old pit glass species is the essence of mountains and rivers for hundreds of millions of years. Most of the so-called king green jadeites in history belong to the old pit glass species. In order to show its crystal clear texture, glass jade ornaments are often processed into thick piles of plain colors, with as few patterns as possible on them, leaving a large smooth plane. If you must do some carving, it is also based on the principle of not hurting raw materials. The industry calls this kind of carver "transparent", which is the best in high-end products. Those lucky enough to get the old pit glass often like to process it into the best egg-shaped noodles or bracelets. If glass jadeite has no color, it is called "white glass" in the jargon. Any finished product made of this raw material is the object of collectors' eagerness. The best kind of glass can give people a pure and clean feeling. In jargon, it is called "Yingguang", "Qi Ying" or "Seven or Eight", that is, there is a floating light with a slight blue tone on the surface of glass jadeite. It is worth noting that this "fluorescence" is not another "fluorescence", and there is no connection between them. The former refers to the feeling that glass jadeite looks crystal clear because of its high transparency and glass luster; The latter refers to the fluorescence of jadeite stimulated by external energy under fluorescent lamp. Generally, natural jadeite jade without any artificial treatment has no fluorescence. Any kind of jade with sparkling glass can be said to be the best among the best, so it is sometimes not inferior to green glass jewelry in price. Any jade dealer and collector who likes jade will be fascinated by it. If the glass jadeite is colored, the color is bright and dazzling, the color is positive but not evil, the color is pleasing to the eye, and the color is even and harmonious. Colleagues call it "stained glass", sometimes called the old pit full of green glass, which is the best in the collection. The texture and quality of this jadeite can be said to be theoretical, and it is extremely rare even in the industry or collectors. 1At Christie's auction in Hong Kong in the autumn of 1999, an egg-shaped jade ring with an old pit full of green glass seeds sold for HK$1850,000, setting a world record for the auction of jade egg-shaped rings. In other famous international auctions, the highest transaction price is not the old pit full of green glass. Ice seed
The jadeite texture of ice species is also very transparent, but it is slightly worse than that of glass species. As the name implies, glass jadeite is as pure as glass, and any subtle impurities in it are undoubtedly exposed, and the transparency of ice jadeite is the second best. Although it is also very transparent, there are a little more impurities after all. As a whole, the ice jadeite gives people the feeling of ice, which is as clear and refreshing as water-frozen ice and has a faint cool beauty. On a hot summer day, if you can wear a Kethleen ornament, you will definitely feel the coolness. Even in winter, Kethleen can give people a calm impression. Jade with the best quality and the highest transparency among ice species is often called high ice species by peers, which means the best ice species, but it can't reach the level of glass species. It is difficult to define high ice species professionally, but it often appears in business. Perhaps people think that the names of jadeite glass species and ice species are not enough to distinguish. Ice jadeite also looks pure and transparent. Unlike glass jade, it is only three minutes warm, but seven minutes cold. Although ice jadeite is not as precious as glass jadeite, in real life, real ice jadeite is hard to find except for commercial reasons. As an ordinary collector, it is also a very pleasant thing to collect real ice jadeite. For this reason, the ice jadeite has won the following praise in the industry: "The ice bracelet is the perfect jewelry for mature women; The ice label is impetuous and cold as a mountain, which is a cool symbol of a steady man. " Waxy seed
Waxy jadeite is another kind after glass seed and ice seed. Its main feature is that its transparency is slightly lower than that of ice seed, which gives people the feeling of being like turbid glutinous rice soup and belongs to the translucent category. Waxy seeds can be divided into waxy ice seeds and glutinous rice seeds. Waxy ice seeds refer to seeds that are slightly turbid than ice seeds, just like ice with a little more impurities, and some people classify them as ice seeds. The transparency of glutinous rice seeds is low, and a large number of tiny impurities are often distributed in jadeite, which is not only turbid but also impure. Glass species, ice species and wax species can also be simply distinguished. When the jadeite to be identified is placed on printed matter with words (such as newspapers), it is the glass species that can clearly distinguish the words through jadeite. It is an ice species that can only see the outline but can't recognize the specific characters, and it is a waxy species that can only see the characters but can't see the outline of the characters. Because of its delicate texture and high transparency, jadeite with glass, ice and wax varieties generally adopts the simplest bas-relief technique when carving, and the carved patterns and patterns are also simplified as much as possible. Even when carving dragons and phoenixes, they are made naked, and no specific scales or feathers are carved. In jargon, that is to say, substances remain permeable. Waxy jadeite products are often found in bracelets or small pendants and cards. If some green, blue-green and other colors of "flowers" can float on the waxy jade bracelet, then this bracelet is called "green flowers float on water" or "blue flowers float on water" by peers, and its value is also higher, which is more suitable for the consumption level of ordinary people. It can be said that the bracelet of "floating flowers in the water" will enter the collector's sight if it is not cracked. Green species in white soil
Emerald with a white background is white as the bottom (ground), and green is like a "cloud". The "clouds" are clustered, blocky, flaky and island-shaped, only floating on the white ground, and there is no harmony with the bottom. Jadeite Jadeite is mostly spotted. The texture is fine but not moist, and the crystal outline can still be recognized by the naked eye. Jade is opaque as a whole and slightly transparent locally, characterized by a white background and a slight metallic brittle sound when it hits the jade body. This kind of jadeite was deeply loved by Chinese people in the early 1990s. Many people think that the white background is clean and bright, and the green floating on the white background is greener, and the price is rising all the way. However, Bai Yu has a fatal wound. What is cultivated is the bright green above, which always gives people a sense of floating without foundation, as if all the green will be removed at will. Moreover, the transparency of white jade is very low, indicating that the texture is similar, which is not the best choice. Therefore, with the gradual maturity of the jadeite market, people's enthusiasm for collecting jadeite is constantly rising, and more high-quality jadeites appear, such as glutinous jade, Kethleen, glass jade, etc., and Baidiqing's jadeite is in a slump, making it difficult to reproduce its former scenery. White and green jadeites are often made into various small ornaments, which can be creatively created by using various shapes of green on them, and then can be beautifully carved into various ornaments with beautiful auspicious meanings. Because the texture is medium, the color lacks a thick three-dimensional sense, and it is generally not finely carved, so the overall price is not very high. Often used for home display or office display, not as a top collection. Flowers and green species
The background color of Huaqing jadeite is green and colorless. Green is light green and dark green, and the green form is silk, pulse, block and irregular. Although it is green, its distribution is extremely irregular, which is also the biggest feature of Huaqing jade. Cyanine is opaque ~ slightly transparent, with coarse grains. The shapes of columnar and granular mineral particles are easy to be recognized by the naked eye, and the sound of striking emeralds is no longer crisp and melodious, but obviously dull. Irregular colors can be deep or shallow, and the distribution is dense and sparse, so the distribution of this kind of jadeite is mostly irregular, so it is not surprising that there are many kinds of jadeite. In fact, it can be further divided into: beancurd green species (with thick bean color structure at the bottom), ordinary emerald green species (with irregular green or floating flowers), horsetooth green species (with horsetooth species at the bottom) and horsetooth green species. Huaqing jadeite belongs to mid-range jadeite. White-green species and flower-green species are two kinds of jadeites widely distributed in Myanmar. The former is fine in texture, white in background color, with occasional impurities, bright in green and distinct in green and white. The latter is slightly coarse in texture, green in background color, irregular in color distribution and mostly opaque, which is what experts call "insufficient moisture". Compared with the two, the prices are high and low, and for historical reasons, ordinary consumers prefer green species with white background. Huaqing jadeite is similar to Ding Bai jadeite, that is, when carving, we should pay attention to the use of pretty techniques, and at the same time, because the texture is not delicate enough, in order to make costs, we should do as little precision work as possible. When collecting, we should also consider the factors of carvers. Oil green species
Oil-green jadeite is dark blue, mixed with gray and blue, and also light blue and dark blue. Oil-green jadeite refers to a kind of jadeite, which is dark green. Its color is not pure green, its texture is oily, its transparency is high and its texture is delicate. It is difficult for naked eyes to identify its mineral composition particles, and its material is brittle when it is knocked. Because its surface luster resembles oily luster, it is called oily green species. If its color is dark, experts also call it melon skin oil green. Oil-green variety is called "relatively scarce variety" in the industry, which means that although its variety, transparency and particle fineness are good, its green color is gray-blue, giving people a cold feeling, which makes the price never go up and can only retreat to mid-range jade. Interestingly, sometimes the best oil-green jadeite can be mistaken for ice to appreciate. Jade bracelets, flower pieces, various mid-range rings, etc. often appear in high-quality oil green varieties, but they are rarely used as carvings. High-quality oil-green jadeite is single in color and translucent, so it needs less carvers to carve, and its surface is smoother to show its fine texture and high transparency. Oil-green jadeite once shone brilliantly in the inland jewelry market in the 1980s and 1990s, because the consumption level in the inland was generally low at that time, and green or high-green jadeite ornaments were beyond people's reach, while the price of oil-green jadeite was relatively low. Although the color was obviously grayish blue, it was green after all, lacking bright green. In addition, it is delicate and translucent, which just meets the needs of mass consumption. Today, translucent dark green oil green jadeite is still the first choice for many middle-aged and elderly consumers to wear or collect jadeite. Hibiscus varieties
Hibiscus planting jade, its color is generally light green, without yellow tone, green is pure, and the whole body color is consistent, so it makes people feel clearer. Its texture is finer than that of bean seeds, and its structure is obviously granular, but the boundary of particles can not be seen. It is transparent or translucent. Although not as good as glass seeds and ice seeds, but the color is not strong but clear, so the price is moderate and easy to be accepted by ordinary people. If there are dark green veins in it, it is called hibiscus green root, and if there are irregular dark green in it, it is also called hibiscus species. Because the color is lighter, it is the best choice to make bracelets with hibiscus jade. This bracelet has few cracks and impurities, fresh color, fine texture and high transparency. Although all the indicators are not top-notch, the combination effect is wonderful, and the price can only be considered medium-high, which is very suitable for middle-aged and elderly ladies to wear. Of course, hibiscus jade can also be carved into ornaments and pendants. It is characterized by few carvings and many facets to reflect the overall aesthetic effect of harmonious collocation of water and color. Furong jadeite belongs to middle and high grade jadeite. Gan Qing species
The jadeite in Gan Qing is green and pleasing to the eye, and its color is pure and not evil. Mineral component particles are well crystallized, and the particle size is often large, so the naked eye can identify granular or columnar crystal particles. The outstanding shortcomings of jadeite planted in Gan Qing are poor transparency, no sunlight, rough texture, dry bottom and rough sound of hitting the original stone. The main mineral composition of jadeite in Gan Qing is sodium chromite (also called meteorite chromite). In the late 1990s, a new small variety appeared, which was called "Tielongsheng" by the industry. Some people classify Tie Longsheng as a single category. In fact, from the gemmological point of view, the rich mineral composition of Tielongsheng is sodium chrome pyroxene, and its microstructure is the same as that of other jadeites from Gan Qing, which should belong to Gan Qing, rather than being called "Tielongsheng". So far, two new jadeite varieties have appeared in the mining areas of Myanmar, Mojiang and Modi, which belong to thousands of jadeites like Tielongsheng. The lower green jadeite is often carved into ornaments because of its strong color and low transparency. Jewelry made of jadeite from Gan Qing is often made very thin to reduce excessive green, but at the same time, it will increase the possibility of fracture due to being too thin. Therefore, a considerable number of jadeites from Gan Qing should adopt the process of 18K gold substrate, in order to protect the thinner jadeites from Gan Qing from fracture. Gan Qing jadeite belongs to middle and low grade jadeite. Bean seed
Bean seed jade. If you visit the jade market for a week, when you see that those jadeites are not very transparent, the color is similar, the concentration is not high, that is, the color is not deep, if you ask what kind of jadeite is this? Then the answer must be beans, and you will find that many jadeites are called beans. The most common jadeite is bean seed, so there are nine kinds of beans in the industry. The characteristics of bean seeds are clear at a glance. Light green is mostly green or cyan with rough texture. Transparency is like looking at flowers in the fog. Green is bean green, green is bean green. Bean jadeite is often used to make middle and low grade bracelets, ornaments, sculptures, etc. , covering almost all types of jadeite products. It turns out that bean jadeite itself is a huge family, and there are nearly ten kinds of beans, including green beans, frozen beans, sugar beans, Japanese beans, oil beans and colored beans. Bean jadeite has a good relationship in the market. On the one hand, it has the green color that most people like. Although it is not green, it is also bright and beautiful. Although the distribution is uneven, it is also dotted. From a distance, the overall green and bright, more in line with the aesthetic taste of Chinese people. On the other hand, bean jadeite has moderate price, rough texture and low transparency, so it has no advantage in planting water. Although its color is green, but because it is embellishment, it has not yet reached the quality of the green king, so it can only be regarded as upper-middle in color. Considering its water color characteristics, bean jadeite can only be maintained at a mid-range price. Based on the above two reasons, bean jadeite naturally occupies a large share of mid-range commercial jadeite. Gold seed
Golden silk grows emerald. It means that the bright emerald is filiform and the color turns into silk. Silk is subdivided into parallel silk (oriented parallel), disordered silk (disordered), flaky silk (parallel) and black silk (with black stripes in green), which are arranged in parallel with each other. It can be clearly seen that green appears intermittently in a certain direction. Of course, the green belt can be thick or thin. Cuiti is transparent and translucent, with fine texture and few cracked cotton threads. The mineral crystal particles are slightly coarse, and the outline of columnar or granular crystals can be recognized by naked eyes, and the sound of knocking raw materials is metallic. The quality of jade in Phnom Penh depends on the color and proportion of its green belt and the thickness of its texture. The ribbon is thick, the green silk is fine, it occupies a large proportion of the area, the color is bright, and the value is of course high. On the contrary, the ribbon is sparse, or the green silk is intermittent, and the light color is much cheaper. Jewelry is mostly processed into bracelets, ornaments, pendants and so on. And pay attention to less carving when it is lewd and easy to process. The industry calls this "no damage to materials". If decorative patterns or patterns must be made, they should be as parallel as possible to the distribution trend of silk and match the trend of green silk to achieve the best visual effect. Horse tooth species
Horse teeth grow emerald. As the name implies, a horse's tooth is a kind of enamel with enamel on its surface. That is to say, although the jadeite of horse teeth is fine in texture, it is opaque. In jargon, there is not enough water or a short head, just like porcelain. The mineral crystal particles are coarse, the crystal outline can be recognized by naked eyes, and the sound of knocking raw materials is stone sound. Maya jade is white to gray, mostly green, with simple color tone, and can be mixed with light green, brown and other colors. Opaque, rough, but beautiful, but without color. If you look carefully, you will find that there are very thin white stripes in green. Horse tooth jadeite is often made into various small ornaments or playthings, and rarely made into bracelets. It is mainly used to create ideas, with various shades of green on it, and then beautifully carved, which is generally not worth carving. Violet variety
Violets grow emeralds. It is a kind of purple jade, a special variety, which is used to be called "spring" in the industry. The purple of this jadeite is generally lighter, like the purple of violet flowers, hence the name. Purple is the color of Taoism and emperor worship in China. The so-called purple gas comes from the east and purple streamers are the portrayal of purple status, so purple has become a symbol of mystery, wealth and glory. Perhaps because of this, violet jade jewelry is especially favored by eastern and western women. Violet jewelry is purple and expensive, just like a noble princess Shanshan. Purple jadeite will appear purple when viewed in general yellow light, so it is best to watch it in the natural light of standard sunny days when purchasing and collecting. Jade with fine texture, high transparency and deep purple is hard to find, especially favored by Europeans and Americans. If you carefully observe purple jade, its color tone is slightly different, generally speaking, it can be divided into pink purple, eggplant purple, blue purple and so on. Pink purple with fine texture and good transparency is rare, eggplant purple is inferior, and blue purple is generally coarse, which can also be called purple beans. In practice, spring is often divided into purple spring and red spring. The value of red spring is higher, while that of purple spring is slightly lower. If you get strange blue spring, the price changes will be more flexible. Although it is not the best, it is a variety that jade merchants and collectors are willing to collect. Cui Mo
Cui Mo is thick and greasy in color, delicate in texture, dark as ink but bright and lovely. Cui Mo's surface is black, the better, the darker it is, but its color is not really black, but green. In other words, there is too much green. High-quality Cui Mo is still charming green under strong light. The texture of Cui Mo is the same as that of ordinary jadeite, both good and bad. Generally speaking, the finer the texture, the higher the quality, and correspondingly, the higher the transparency. The transparency here refers to the condition of strong light irradiation, because even the best ink can't reach the transparency of glass jade, which is of course due to its dark green color. Cui Mo is mostly rough in texture, and the naked eye can feel the graininess inside jade. Even under strong light, this Cui Mo is difficult to achieve transparency. Cui Mo's sculpture is one of the most valuable parts of Cui Mo's finished jewelry. Because it is opaque and black, all Cui Mo has become a first-class material reflecting high-quality carving technology. In fact, sculptors in Cui Mo did the same. Cui Mo's carving technology is mainly in Ruili City, Yunnan Province. Although Cui Mo is also a jade, Cui Mo's local sculptures are completely different from jade. In the process of jade carving, the carving style is adjusted according to the type, head and color of raw materials, with the aim of highlighting or increasing the transparency and color of raw materials, without spending a lot of energy on carving. Due to the limitation of its transparency and color, the raw material of Cui Mo, the sound of its stone, is a precious material for the cutter, and there is no need to keep the carving process at all. On the contrary, sculptors should try their best to adopt the best technology. For example, the eyes of figures or animals in Cui Mo are usually polished irregularly, but are punched out bit by bit with bamboo sticks, and the labor-consuming place can be imagined. A high-quality raw material can even take a senior jade sculptor 7 ~ 10 days to carve, and another 3 days to polish, so the body can be said to have been touched by Han's hand, so it is most important for sculptors who pay attention to jewelry to buy. Most carving patterns in Cui Mo are based on traditional auspicious themes in China. At present, the most common ones on the market are "Immediately Seal the Hou", "Make a fortune immediately", "Five mice to transport wealth", "Evil spirits in the sky", "Zhong Kui to increase happiness", "Heroic determination", "Surplus for years", "Hand in hand", "Three Yang to open Thailand", "Kirin to send children" and "Happiness in sight". Let you wear Cui Mo, but also feel the good wishes brought by jade. The value of Cui Mo is mainly reflected in the texture of raw materials and carving techniques. The finer the texture, the more detailed the carving, and the higher the value.