Since figs come from foreign countries, and there has been no systematic research and development in China for thousands of years, except for some local varieties, the figs currently produced and cultivated in my country are still foreign varieties, and there is a lack of fig varieties independently cultivated in my country. The characteristics of varieties with larger production and cultivation areas are introduced below.

1. Blanchard

Originally produced in France, it is unknown when it was introduced into our country. This variety has a small amount of summer fruits, but mainly autumn fruits. The summer fruit is long inverted cone shape, green and yellow when mature, and a single large fruit can reach 100~140g. Autumn fruits are obovate or obovate in shape. Generally, a single fruit weighs 40~60g. When mature, the peel is green and yellow, and the top of the fruit is not cracked. The fruit is hollow and the flesh is light pink. The soluble solids content is more than 16%. The flavor is sweet and the quality is high. The tree body is of average growth, with a semi-open posture, thick branches, and medium length of internodes; weak branching habit, if not topping or short cutting, there will be few branches; there are many fruits in the middle and upper parts of the branches, strong continuous fruiting ability, and good yield. . In the Nanjing area, they sprout in late March and lose their leaves in early to mid-November. The ripening period of summer fruits is generally early to mid-July. Autumn fruits begin to appear in early June, and the maturity period begins in mid-to-late August; the fruit development days are about 70 days, and the supply period is about 60 days. In northern areas where autumn comes earlier, some autumn fruits cannot mature in time; in warm southern areas, most fruits can mature. This variety has strong salt tolerance and grows normally on soil with a salt content of 0.3% to 0.4%. It has strong cold tolerance and can survive the winter in the open field if cultivated in areas south of the Yellow River.

The fruits of this variety are of medium size and good quality. They are not only suitable for fresh eating, but also have wide processing suitability. Suitable for making preserved fruits, candied fruits, canned fruits, jam or beverages. It has strong adaptability and high yield. It is one of the excellent varieties currently being promoted in China.

2. Masiyi Taofen

It is native to California, USA. It is unknown when it was introduced into my country. This variety has both summer and autumn fruits, but mainly autumn fruits. The summer fruit is oval or oval in shape and larger. Generally, a single fruit weighs 80~100g, and the largest fruit reaches more than 150g. The peel is green and purple. Autumn fruits are inverted conical shape, medium to large, generally weigh 60~90g per fruit, purple-brown when mature; thin skin, pink flesh, slightly thick texture, high water content, about 12% soluble solids, sweet, and medium-to-high quality.

The tree has average growth, soft branches, open tree shape, and small crown; it is easy to branch, has many branches, large growth volume, and long internodes; it is easy to bear fruit and has high yield. The natural dormancy period is short and it is suitable for cultivation in protected areas. Buds sprout earlier in spring, and the specific time varies depending on how quickly the temperature rises in various places. In Nanjing, it is late March or early April. Growth stops late in autumn, especially if there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, thus affecting tree dormancy and cold resistance. In Nanjing, leaves rarely fall off naturally, but only after early frost. Summer fruits generally mature in early to mid-July, while autumn fruits begin to mature in late August, and the fruit supply period exceeds 50 days.

This variety has large fruits, high yield, and is suitable for fresh sales. Because its peel is purple-red or purple-black and the processed products are darker in color, it is rarely used as a raw material for processing. In addition, because of its weak cold resistance, it is suitable for cultivation in areas south of the Yangtze River with warmer winters. If it is located north of the Huaihe River, protective facilities must be added. Since this variety has weak salt tolerance, it is not suitable for planting in saline-alkali soils.

3. Penglai persimmon

It is native to Japan. It is unknown when it was introduced into my country. It is cultivated in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangxi and other places. This variety is for autumn fruits. The fruit is inverted conical or short conical shape, larger, generally a single fruit weighs 60~70g; the top of the fruit is easy to crack, and is purple-red when mature; the peel is thick; the flesh is bright red, with 16% soluble solids, sweet, light aroma, and medium quality superior.

The tree has a tall crown, strong uprightness, thick branches, vigorous growth, and is not prone to secondary branches. In the Nanjing area, they sprout in early April and lose their leaves in mid-to-late November. Autumn fruits begin to appear in mid-to-late June, and fruit maturity begins in early September and ends at the end of October. The fruit supply period exceeds 50 days.

This variety has large fruit, high yield, suitable for fresh eating and processing, and has strong cold resistance, so it can be promoted appropriately.

4． Green Kang No. 1

Nanjing Agricultural University discovered during a survey of fig resources in Jiangsu Province that the source was unknown. This variety has both summer and autumn fruits, but mainly autumn fruits. The autumn fruit is short and inverted cone-shaped, larger, with a single fruit weighing 60-80g, and a large fruit weighing more than 100g; the fruit is light green in color when mature, and the top of the fruit does not crack, but there are cracks on the shoulder of the fruit; the fruit is hollow and the flesh is purple-red. ; The soluble solid content is more than 16%, the flavor is rich and sweet, and the quality is extremely high.

The crown of the tree is a natural round head shape, the tree is vigorous and the tree is half-open. The branches are thick and have few branches. There are many fruits in the upper part of the branches, but when the growth is vigorous, the fruits will be reduced. It sprouts in early April in Nanjing and falls in mid-to-late November. Summer fruits appear in mid-April, and the maturity period is early to late July; autumn fruits first appear at the end of June, and begin to mature in late August. The fruit development days are about 60 days, and the supply period is about 50 days. It has strong salt tolerance and can grow and develop normally on soil with a salt content of 0.4%, but its cold tolerance is slightly weaker than Branrick.

The fruit of this variety is large and of high quality, suitable for both fresh eating and processing. It can be used to make preserved fruits, candied fruits and jams, as well as beverages.

The growth and development characteristics of Lukang No. 1 are similar to that of Lukang No. 2. The differences are as follows: ① The leaves of Lukang No. 2 have deeper cracks and narrower lobes than those of Lukang No. 1. , the middle lobe is spoon-shaped.

② The fruit shape of Lukang No. 2 is inverted cone shape, the fruit shape index is larger than that of Lukang No. 1, and there is basically no fruit neck, and some fruit end faces are triangular. This variety is also very salt-tolerant and has great development prospects in saline-alkali areas of the sea.

5. Xinjiang Zaohuang

A unique variety in southern Xinjiang, it is called "Qiligan Angel" in Uyghur, which means early-ripening figs. This variety is suitable for both summer and autumn fruits. The autumn fruit is oblate, similar to a flat peach, with a single fruit weight of 50-70g. When ripe, the fruit is bright yellow, with obvious fruit spots, and the top of the fruit is not cracked. The flesh is light red and soft; the soluble solids content is 15%-17%. Even higher, the flavor is rich and sweet, and the quality is extremely high.

The trees are more vigorous and open. The germination rate is high and the branches are thick and strong, especially the summer shoots. Care should be taken to control the growth and promote the improvement of fruit yield and quality. It sprouts from late March to early April in Nanjing and falls in mid-to-late November. In the Atushi region of Xinjiang, where it originates, summer fruits begin to ripen in early July, autumn fruits appear in early to mid-June, and mature in mid-to-late August.

This variety has medium-large fruits and good quality. Cultivated in southern Xinjiang, a suitable growing area, it has high yield and is good for both fresh eating and processing. However, when introduced to places such as Nanjing, Jiangsu, Xuchang, and Xinxiang, Henan, they all showed leggy growth, easy tillering, and few fruits. The autumn fruit maturity was delayed until early September; the leaves fell irregularly, and the cold resistance was reduced. Therefore, this variety is rarely cultivated outside southern Xinjiang.

Some scholars believe that similar to Xinjiang early yellow, there is Xinjiang late yellow, which is called "Jage Da Angel" in Uyghur. Its main differences are: ① Xinjiang late yellow has stronger growth potential and obvious main trunk. The tree crown is large; ② the single fruit is larger than Xinjiang Early Yellow; ③ the summer fruit maturity period is 10~15 days later than Xinjiang Early Yellow; ④ the high yield is stronger than Xinjiang Early Yellow. However, according to the observation of the fig research team of Nanjing Agricultural University, Xinjiang Early Yellow and Xinjiang Late Yellow should be the same variety. The differences in single fruit weight and summer fruit maturity period may be caused by differences in storage nutrition levels due to different pruning.

6． Tanichuan

Nanjing Agricultural University introduced it from Japan to Jiangsu in the 1980s. Currently, it has been introduced and planted in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong, Sichuan and other places. This variety is a variety for both summer and autumn fruits, with mainly autumn fruits. The autumn fruit is inverted cone or inverted cone shape, with a single fruit weight of 40~60g; yellow when mature, the top of the fruit is not cracked; the fruit is hollow, the flesh is light red; the soluble solids content is 15%~16%, the flavor is sweet, and the quality is high.

The tree grows vigorously and upright. The branches are thick and strong, and it is difficult to produce secondary branches. If not controlled, the number of fruits will be reduced, so the tree vigor should be relaxed during cultivation. It sprouts in late March in Nanjing and loses its leaves in early to mid-November. Summer fruits begin to appear in early April and mature in early July; autumn fruits begin to appear in late May and mature in early to mid-August. The fruit supply period is about 60 days. It has medium cold tolerance and can be introduced for trial planting in areas south of the Yangtze River and the coastal areas of East China.

The fruits of this variety are of medium size, good quality, good appearance and color, and are suitable for fresh eating and processing.

In addition to the above-mentioned excellent varieties, there is also a purple fruit variety that is widely distributed in the north and south of my country and has a long history of cultivation. This variety has strong adaptability, but the fruit is small, the top of the fruit cracks when mature, the skin is purple and black, and the commerciality is poor, so it is not suitable for commercial cultivation. In addition, relevant units in our country have introduced many varieties from abroad since the 1980s. According to current observations and tests, there are no varieties that exceed the above-mentioned varieties in comprehensive traits.