Create many of the best railways in the world (Qinghai-Tibet Railway): Tanggula Mountain Station at an altitude of 5068 meters is the highest railway station in the world.
The people of China built the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is the highest railway in the world. At the same time, the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also set a series of new world railway records.
This year, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway entered the Tanggula Mountain area with the highest altitude and the worst natural conditions, which is more than 5,000 meters above sea level. This year, we will see whether the "three major problems" of plateau physiology, plateau frozen soil construction and environmental protection can be completely broken through and whether the engineering measures are reliable.
Lu Chunfang, commander of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command, said in an interview recently that the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway entered the frozen soil section from Kunlun Mountain to Tanggula Mountain this year, and most of the Yakou section with an altitude of over 4,600 meters and the highest altitude of 5,072 meters also started this year. Working at such a high altitude, the lack of oxygen is more serious than in other areas. Experts have detected that the oxygen content in the air in this area is equivalent to 52% to 56% of the oxygen content in the air at sea level, and the task of health and epidemic prevention is arduous. Construction teams live and work in this area, and the pressure to ensure the survival and health of construction workers is greater than ever.
He said that this year's frozen soil project is facing new problems. After a complete freeze-thaw cycle, the engineering measures need further verification. For projects with diseases or possible diseases, the design should be improved and reinforcement measures should be taken. The construction will enter the Tanggula mountain area, and the construction technical problems of saturated wetland, slope wetland, island frozen soil and deep-season frozen soil will become more prominent. In addition, the bridge construction will cross the plateau at an altitude of nearly 5000 meters, and whether the bridge equipment adapts to the plateau conditions and whether the bridge index is reasonable will be verified.
In order to comprehensively cope with the grim situation facing the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Lu Chunfang said that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command will focus on the design work, improve the design quality, and comprehensively promote the optimization and reinforcement of subgrade and bridge and tunnel engineering design in the north of Tanggula Mountain and the construction drawing design of subgrade and bridge and tunnel engineering in the south of Tanggula Mountain; The experimental study on the second freeze-thaw cycle of frozen soil engineering has been completed, and relatively complete results have been obtained. Accelerate the scientific and technological research and equipment development of post-station engineering; Implement various environmental protection measures such as ecological environment protection, vegetation protection, soil and water conservation and wildlife protection. Vigorously protect the wetlands south of Tanggula; We will earnestly do a good job in ensuring the life of high-altitude areas, especially the no-man's land where Tanggula Mountain passes through, and take epidemic prevention as an important task of health protection this year to ensure that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction will not be epidemic. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command will also strengthen construction safety prevention and monitoring to effectively protect the interests and health of migrant workers and prevent all kinds of accidents.
Construction: This year, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction plan has completed an investment of 5.6 billion yuan, and the off-line project north of Buqiangge has been completed, 80% of which is from Buqiangge to Amdo, and 50% of which is from Amdo to Lhasa. Paving the passage through the wind volcano, the supporting project of Wang Ge section after the station is basically completed, and the power connection from Wangkun to Tuotuo section is completed.
Opening of Qinghai-Tibet Railway-Challenge Three Limits
Core tip:
In the history of railway construction in the world, the crossing of any railway is not as magical and wonderful as the crossing of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It's not surprising if this railway just crosses ordinary mountains and rivers. It not only spans the steep snow peaks on the roof of the world, but also spans the limits of life, physiology and technical difficulties. At this moment, if there is a hymn, only this Qinghai-Tibet railway that has achieved a great leap in the challenge limit is worthy of acceptance.
A: A big leap forward in building the limit.
Before talking about the Great Leap Forward of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, we might as well take a look at the general places along the way.
The new line of Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Nanshankou, 20 kilometers south of Golmud City, passes through Golmud River, Nachitai, Xidatan, Kunlun Mountain, Chuma River, Wudaoliang, Fenghuoshan, Tuotuo River, Tongtianhe, Tanggula Pass, Qiangtang Plateau and Yangbajing, and finally reaches Lhasa. In these seemingly ordinary place names, there are difficulties and obstacles that normal people cannot understand or even accept. How do tens of thousands of railway builders who have been fighting in the snowy plateau all the year round achieve these challenges?
Crossing the majestic snow-capped mountains
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through the Kunlun Pass at an altitude of 4,767 meters and the Tanggula Pass at an altitude of 5,072 meters. On two big mountains, there is snow all year round. Even in hot summer, there will be snowstorms here from time to time. It's dangerous to pass through here, let alone build a railway here.
We happened to pass by here, just past Xidatan, and our chest tightness and shortness of breath suddenly hit us. At the Kunlun Mountain Pass, the severe altitude sickness made everyone's heartbeat jump out of his mouth, and heavy breathing suppressed the strength of even talking. It happened that at this time, the goose feather-like snowflake in the sky came again, and the temperature plummeted to MINUS 30 degrees. I got off the bus and looked at it. The cold and urgent feeling made people close to the brink of collapse. We haven't been here long, and we can't stand it anymore. It is conceivable how people who have been stationed here all the year round for railway design and construction endure it.
Crossing a thousand miles of no man's land
After crossing Kunlun Mountain, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will reach the no-man's land hundreds of kilometers in Amdo County, during which it will also cross the breathtaking Wudaoliang, Tuotuo River and Tanggula Pass at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters. When we passed the five beams, everyone's lips were black and blue, and a layer of skin was chapped, and no one said a word. When we arrived at Tuotuo River, it was getting late and we stayed here for the night. The severe headache and dizziness caused by altitude sickness made everyone sleep or sit all night, and the trauma in the rare military station tossed and turned all night. Several drivers who have been running the Qinghai-Tibet line for a long time described this to us: "Xidatan is sick and Wudaoliang is dead", "Living in Tuotuo River is the hardest thing to say". What they mean is that the anomalies of Wudaoliang and Tuotuo River are more worrying and frightening than anywhere on the Qinghai-Tibet line. Before dawn, everyone set out early and moved on.
The threat of life has to remind us that the designers and builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have actually created one incredible miracle after another in this "life forbidden zone" that is threatened every day. Some construction teams completed the workload that the same number of people used to need to complete in one year in less than one month, but stubbornly pushed forward the "life forbidden zone" with unimaginable will and perseverance, and successfully crossed a thousand miles of no man's land. This can't be done.
B: a big leap forward in technical limits.
The news that the 200 1 Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project officially started has caused quite a shock at home and abroad. At that time, many people in the west expressed "welcome" to this project with cynicism and suspicion. Some foreign railway experts also said that "it is almost impossible to build the Qinghai-Tibet Railway" because half of this railway will be built on frozen soil, which is a very difficult thing.
Plateau frozen soil crossing
It is true that the Jiela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been launched and dismounted several times in half a century. In addition to economic strength, the most important factor is that the plateau frozen soil problem has not been overcome. However, the voice of doubt may not know that it took three generations of Chinese researchers more than 40 years to cross the technical limit of plateau frozen soil at the mountain pass of Fenghuoshan at an altitude of 4800 meters.
It has always been a worldwide problem to build a railway in the plateau permafrost region, and the Qinghai-Tibet railway has to cross the permafrost region for 550 kilometers. Frozen soil will change with the change of temperature, and the frozen soil under the subgrade will expand as soon as it freezes, jacking up the rails above; As soon as the frozen soil melts, its volume shrinks and the tracks on it come down. In this way, the tracks are prone to rollover accidents.
Although the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been getting on and off many times in half a century, researchers have never stopped studying the plateau frozen soil. Since the 1960s, the Northwest Branch of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways (now Northwest Research Institute of China Railway) has established a 500-meter-long frozen soil railway test base at the Fenghuoshan Pass at an altitude of 4,800 meters, and set up 28 observation points, among which the Fenghuoshan Observatory has become the only one on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway that is manned 24 hours a day. Over the years, three generations of researchers have continuously measured more than 6.5438+0.2 million pieces of data covering various meteorological conditions and ground temperature changes in plateau permafrost regions, and used their youth to provide a large number of accurate and reliable scientific basis for the study of Qinghai-Tibet plateau permafrost, and solved the technical problems of plateau permafrost.
Cold tunnel span
Wind volcano, more than 4900 meters above sea level, is all frozen soil underground, with ice thickness of 150 meters. Some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway could not cross the wind volcano at all, because it was impossible to tunnel on the iceberg.
20011kloc-0/8, the construction workers in China Railway 20th Bureau fired the first shot of the Huo Feng tunnel, but the "spoil" blown out shocked them, almost all of which were crystal clear ice. This geological environment has always been a forbidden area for tunnel construction. However, the constructors creatively developed two large tunnel air conditioning units, which controlled the tunnel construction temperature within a certain range and effectively prevented the underground ice layer from melting and collapsing. Total length 1, 686 meters, elevation 4905 meters, all located in permafrost. Wind-volcano tunnel, the highest plateau permafrost tunnel in the world and the longest permafrost region, was born, and railway builders once again crossed the technical limit that others thought could not be crossed.
C: a great leap in the limit of life
Where is the limit of life? At Tanggula Pass at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters? Or the cold zone of MINUS 30 degrees? Or a no-man's land hundreds of kilometers from Tanggula to Amdo? The builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway pushed forward to these "forbidden zones of life" again and again, and achieved a great leap in the limit of life there.
Perhaps, only people who live in high altitude areas for a long time can really understand where the limit of life lies. Altitude sickness is mild, such as headache, dizziness, diarrhea, palpitation, shortness of breath, insomnia, anorexia, and even fatal pulmonary edema and brain edema. When the plateau air pressure is low, water will boil at 80 degrees Celsius. Eat raw rice every day, and at the same time prevent acute gastrointestinal mucosal disease. Cold syndrome not only makes your heart and lungs irreversible, but also makes your teeth fall off and a lot of hair fall off, all of which test your physiological limit and endurance limit all the time. The reporter learned from an interview with the journalism department of Tieyi Hospital that many surveyors and designers who have been working in cold areas all the year round have cold syndrome, heart and lung enlargement, tooth loss, and some people have almost all teeth and hair loss. Those who advance into the "forbidden zone of life" have crossed the limit of life again and again, writing the miracle of the world railway construction history with their lives and health.