Basic information
Marigold.
Alias stinky hibiscus, longevity lamp, honeycomb chrysanthemum, stinky chrysanthemum and scorpion chrysanthemum.
Category: marigold.
Originally from Mexico, it has been widely planted.
Sweet fruit flavor, almost citrus flavor.
morphological character
Millet. The plant height is 60~ 100cm, the whole plant has peculiar smell, and the stems are stout, green and erect. The single leaf is pinnately divided and opposite, the lobes are lanceolate and serrated, the upper leaves are sometimes alternate, there are oil glands on the edge of the lobes, and the serrations are awned. The head is inserted at the top of the branch, with a diameter of 10cm, yellow or orange, and the total pedicel is enlarged. The flowering period is August-September. Achene is black, and the crown hair is yellowish.
Habitual characteristics
Like sunshine environment, cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, poor growth in humid climate. The requirements for land are not strict, but fertile, loose and well-drained soil is better.
breeding method
Propagation by sowing or cutting.
Sow from late March to early April, the optimum temperature for germination is 15-20℃, and the seedlings will emerge one week after sowing, and the seeds will be sown when 5-7 real leaves are planted. Plant spacing is 30-35 ㎝.
Cutting should be carried out in May-June, which is easy to survive.
Simple management, fertilizing once every 20 days from planting to flowering; Picking the heart promotes branching.
cultivation techniques
1. Planting is generally carried out in the field, and potted plants are also suitable. First of all, seedlings should be cultivated in the field. When they grow 5 -6 pairs of leaves, they should be transplanted into flowerpots or planted in the field. Generally, it should be planted in March-April in spring, transplanted and planted in May-June, and the planting time should be at least 60 -70 days before the expected flowering month. When potted, choose a pot with a diameter of 25 cm, and use a mixed culture soil of 5 parts humus soil, 2 parts garden soil and 2 parts river sand. Before planting, put a broken tile at the bottom of the basin. Water after planting, temporarily put the seedlings in the shade, and move to the sunny place after the growth resumes. 5-6 days after planting on the ground, a shed should be set up for shade, and then the shed should be removed for light cultivation.
2. The growth temperature range suitable for light and temperature is very wide, and it grows well at 18-30℃, but 20 ~ 24℃ is the most favorable for plant growth and flowering. The growing season should be placed in a sunny place, preferably a sunny place, and at least 4 hours of direct sunlight should be received every day. When the light is sufficient, the flowers are full, colorful and have a long flowering period. If we are deprived of light for a long time, the plants will be thin, the flowers will be small and the color will be pale.
3. Water fertilization likes warm and moist soil and fertilizer. Pay attention to watering during the growth period and keep the basin soil moist and dry. Fertilization should not be too diligent, otherwise it will easily lead to plants growing in vain. But you can't lack fertilizer, otherwise the plants will be dwarfed, yellow and weak. Topdressing 2-3 times a month to decompose thin alum fertilizer water.
Production method of alum fertilizer water: adding animal manure, ferrous sulfate, fish bones, etc. Add water into the container, seal it, and expose it to the sun for about 15 days to ferment and decompose it, thus making alum fertilizer water. Take the liquid when it is thrown out, and dilute it with water before use.
4. The single inflorescence flowering period of marigold is 10- 15 days, and the plant flowering period is longer. In order not to consume too much nutrients and promote the continuous flowering, the withered inflorescence should be cut off in time, the yellow leaves in the middle and lower parts of the plant should be removed, and 0.2% urea aqueous solution should be sprayed on the leaves to promote the stem to bloom again. It is easy to lodging in the later stage of growth, so it is necessary to sparse the branches and leaves that are too dense in time.
Marigold pigment
Synonym: Jin Shenghua pigment; Marigold pigment;
Ingredients: lutein and lutein fatty acid esters, such as lutein dipalmitate (helenien) and other lutein compounds.
Description: orange-yellow to yellow-brown massive solid, insoluble in water.
Source: Natural pigment extracted from the pollen of Tagetes erecta by modern biotechnology.
Usage: It is a yellow colorant, which is used to color drinks, cold drinks, cakes and oily foods.
Value and use
Garden cultivation and appreciation, or arrangement of flower beds and flower borders, can also be used for cut flowers.
Flowers and leaves can be used as medicine; Flowers can be used as raw materials for producing food additives.
Calendula is rich in lutein. Lutein is a natural pigment, which widely exists in vegetables, flowers, fruits and some algae. It can delay vision loss and blindness caused by macular degeneration in the elderly, as well as cardiovascular sclerosis, coronary heart disease and tumor diseases caused by aging. Since 1970s, the United States has been extracting lutein from marigold. It was first added to chicken feed to improve the nutritional value of eggs. Lutein can also be used in cosmetics, feed, medicine, aquatic products and other industries. In the international market, the price of 1g lutein is equivalent to 1g gold.
Chinese herbal medicine
Marigold (textual research on plant names and facts)
Stinky hibiscus flower (plant name and fact research), Jin Ju (compilation of commonly used folk herbs), Huang Ju, safflower, Cyperus rotundus, absinthe (Guangxi medicinal plant catalogue), honeycomb chrysanthemum, Jin Ju, Coreopsis pilosula (commonly used folk herbs in Kunming) and other different names.
The source is the inflorescence of marigold in Compositae.
Collect and pick in summer and autumn.
Sexual taste "Kunming Common Folk Herbs": "Cool in nature, slightly bitter in taste."
Function: calming liver and clearing heat, expelling wind and resolving phlegm. Treat dizziness, eye pain due to wind-fire, infantile convulsion, common cold and cough, whooping cough, mammary abscess and parotitis.
① Collection of commonly used folk herbs: "Dispelling wind and reducing fire, resolving phlegm and relieving cough."
② Annals of Nanning Medicine: "Clearing heat in Gan Ping". Treat dizziness and convulsion. "
③ List of Medicinal Plants in Guangxi: "Enriching blood, dredging menstruation, removing blood stasis and promoting regeneration."
(4) Treating wind-fire eye pain, dark eyes, cold and cough. Uterine prolapse after fumigation and washing. (Sichuan)
Administration and dosage: decocted, 1 ~ 3 yuan. External use: decocting in water, fumigating and washing.
Prescription ① Treatment of whooping cough: Honeycomb Chrysanthemum 15. Boiled water mixed with brown sugar.
② Treatment of tracheitis: one or two fresh beehives, Chaoyang San Qian water and two money of Aster. Decoct with water.
③ Treatment of mumps and mastitis: grind the honeycomb, Paris polyphylla and honeysuckle into powder, mix it with acid and vinegar, and apply it externally to the affected area.
4 cure toothache and eye pain: honeycomb chrysanthemum is five yuan. Decoct with water. (The selected prescription is "Common Folk Herbs in Kunming")
Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 5 yuan. Appropriate amount for external use, evenly mixed with ground flour and vinegar, and rubbed on the affected area. Fresh roots are mashed and applied to the affected areas.
A detailed introduction of pigment marigold
Marigold is a kind of millet and an ideal raw material for extracting pure natural yellow pigment. According to expert analysis, natural yellow pigment is an excellent antioxidant, which is widely used in food industry and chemical industry such as food, feed and medicine. It plays an important role in improving the color of products and is an indispensable additive in industrial and agricultural production. According to the investigation, natural yellow pigment has the advantages of no pollution, good performance, reasonable price and wide application, which can obviously improve the appearance color and quality of industrial products. Therefore, with the intensification of industrialization, the application field of natural yellow pigment will be larger and larger, and it will be welcomed in domestic and foreign markets, showing a trend of demand exceeding supply, and the market prospect is very broad.
The yield of hybrid pigment marigold propagated by plant non-test tube efficient rapid propagation technology is higher than that of common marigold. 3,500-4,000 hybrid pigment marigold plants are planted per mu, and each plant can produce more than 120 flowers. If the average cost is 25 grams, the yield per mu is more than 9000 kilograms. If well managed, the yield per mu can completely exceed 10 thousand Jin. The flowers of marigold are honeycomb-shaped, with no center, and orange. The ratio of petals to receptacle is 8: 2, and the pigment content is 19‰~ 22‰. At present, the conventional variety used in China is about 16‰, and the ratio of petals to Toby is 6: 4. Usually, hybrid varieties have strong disease resistance, and the flower picking period is longer than that of conventional varieties 10 day. High yield, high quality and disease resistance are heterosis. At present, the price of marigold particles with pigment content of 17‰ is about 8500 yuan per ton.
On this basis, if the pigment content increases by one thousandth, the price will increase by 500 yuan. If it can reach 20‰, the price per ton is 10000 yuan. The pigment marigold seeds used in China are all conventional seeds imported from abroad or kept for domestic production. Flowers are small and thoughtful, and the yield of flowers per mu is only about 4000 Jin, and the net income of growers is only 800 yuan. If you switch to a hybrid car, the benefits will be multiplied. Planting 667 square meters of marigold can pick 2000 kilograms of flowers, process 200 kilograms of dried flowers, then granulate into 20 kilograms of marigold particles, and finally get 2 kilograms of lutein ester by deep processing and purification. At present, the price of 1 kg lutein fat in the international market is more than 2000 dollars, and the income is 3 ~ 4 times that of corn planted in the same area, with considerable benefits.
For a long time in the past, the industries such as food, medicine and feed were dominated by synthetic pigments. With the improvement of people's living standards, people's consumption direction has changed qualitatively, and the application of synthetic pigments must be restricted. Therefore, green pollution-free products will become the mainstream products in 2 1 century, which undoubtedly puts forward higher requirements for industrial products. The appearance and quality of products made of artificial pigments can no longer meet people's actual needs. Tianhuang pigment is a pure green product, which is refined through a special process and does not contain any harmful characteristics. It is the most ideal pigment in industrial production and will inevitably become a substitute for synthetic pigments. Pigment marigold flowers can be made into marigold granules by fermentation, squeezing, drying and other processes, and then the pigment essential oil can be obtained by solvent extraction. Marigold granules or essential oils produced in China are mostly used for export except for personal use. Lutein produced in China is exported to the United States, Mexico, Singapore and other countries, and domestic industrial and agricultural production only needs a small part, so there is a big gap in the domestic market. Relevant data show that the domestic market demand of natural lutein should be more than 654.38+10,000 tons, but the actual output is less than 6,000 tons, especially the intermediate marigold particles for producing natural lutein are in great demand. Only Hailin, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and the eastern suburb of Wangkui in Heilongjiang Province have marigold granule production, and there are few in other areas, which is far from meeting the needs of the market and processors.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, international organizations and countries around the world have successively developed "pollution-free" green natural plant products, and it has become fashionable to pursue nature and protect health, especially in developed countries. As an important chemical pigment, natural yellow pigment has been paid more and more attention by well-known enterprises at home and abroad. Many large international food and pharmaceutical enterprises have imported a large amount of natural lutein from developing countries to meet their production needs. Natural lutein is very popular in the international market, and the global gap of natural lutein exceeds 654.38+0 million tons. Marigold granules are also in short supply. With the advent of economic integration and globalization, especially after China's accession to the WTO, China market will become a part of the international market, which is more conducive to the sale of products to the international market, and the international market of Chinese herbal medicine plant extracts is very broad.
At present, with the improvement of industrial production level and the wide application of high-tech products, the domestic and international market demand has undergone fundamental changes, especially the remarkable improvement of people's living standards and the corresponding change of consumption concepts. The pursuit of natural pollution-free products has become the main demand direction. As a high-tech product in the fields of food, feed and medicine, azure pigment has been paid more and more attention by well-known enterprises at home and abroad. According to experts' prediction, 2 1 century is the era of green consumption, and natural lutein will inevitably replace synthetic pigments. Especially the intermediate marigold particles for producing natural lutein, has a broader market prospect.
Apply history and related myths
Marigold is called Kakibush in Africa, and it is often hung under earthen houses to drive away swarms of flies. It is also planted among tomatoes, potatoes and roses to prevent the grown flowers and fruits from becoming a feast for small nematodes. All these indicate that marigold should be an effective insecticide. It is also made into ointment to kill destructive maggots in wounds. Its roots and seeds have a laxative effect and can be used to help the body detoxify.
At the beginning of this century, after the Boer War, the Australian army brought this plant back to its origin in North Africa. As a result, marigolds immediately flourished there. At present, marigold is widely used in French perfume.
Arima
Marigold flower language is sweet love/health and longevity/parting sadness/cherish.