Growth habit of annual orange sunshine: annual orange likes sunshine, but its shade tolerance is poor.
Temperature: orange is warm and frost-resistant.
Soil: soil with good drainage and rich humus.
Moisture: oranges are wet in the new year, so they are afraid of waterlogging.
How to raise and grow oranges?
First, move the oranges indoors or outdoors or on corridors and flower stands, and pick all the fruits. Then cut off the dead branches and leaves, there are pests and diseases, and the branches are dense. According to the actual situation, one-third of the branches can be trimmed appropriately. When pruning, pay attention to leaving last year's autumn shoots, which are this year's mother branches. Pruning is mainly based on pruning, and pruning is combined with plastic surgery. Change the soil after pruning. Take the soil ball out of the pot, remove the soil around the soil ball, leave a small soil ball in the center of the soil ball, cut the roots after removing the soil, and cut off the old roots, rotten roots and roots with pests and diseases. Pay attention to keep new roots and tender roots. Add new soil to the flowerpot. The hole at the bottom of the basin is padded with tiles, planted with plants and watered with water.
Fertilize soil or land
The middle layer of the flowerpot is surrounded by base fertilizer, such as peanut cake (broken grain). Apply 1 n: p: k =1:1:1compound fertilizer particles every half month, and no fertilization is needed in winter.
water
During the growing period, you can wait until the surface of the basin soil is about 3 cm deep before watering. In general, you need to water 1 time a day. When the weather is dry, spray water on the leaves of plants every day. In winter, plants enter dormancy period, so reduce watering times and wait until the soil in the basin is completely dry before watering.
Temperature, light
Family planting needs to be placed on Nanyang terrace or rooftop, but it is best to have proper shade in summer with strong light and high temperature.
control of insect
The high temperature in summer is easy to produce pests. When pests are found, spray 300 times dilution of dichlorvos or dimethoate in time. When spraying, it should be sunny at 9 am and around 4 pm. It is not advisable to spray medicine in the hot sun at noon to avoid drug damage.
Planting techniques and precautions for large-scale planting of annual citrus The main reasons for premature aging of annual citrus
1. Seedlings are unqualified: some farmers are eager to compete for seeds for quick success and instant benefit, and they don't know whether the fruit seedlings have been quarantined, whether they are old seedlings, residual seedlings or sick seedlings. This is the first cause of premature aging.
2. Urgent planting of thick pipes: there is no planning and reclamation of the garden, I am eager to plant, and I don't understand the nature of the soil. Some people will choose sandy soil with strong hydrophobicity and leaking fertilizer, or soil that is too hardened.
3. High groundwater level: This is the main reason for premature aging. Farmers who grow citrus in paddy fields, due to poor drainage in most paddy fields, have just grown roots and extended into groundwater after planting for three or four years, and the rhizosphere has been flooded for a long time, leading to root rot and premature aging of leaves. Some farmers think that the lack of fertilizer, increase the number of topdressing and fertilizer application, resulting in a waste of people and money.
4. Chemical herbicides: In order to weed quickly, some fruit farms use glyphosate for many years, which accelerates the aging of fruit trees.
preventive measure
1. Selecting qualified and excellent varieties of fruit seedlings: Before buying seedlings, you must first understand.
Whether the fruit seedlings come from epidemic areas. Secondly, it is necessary to know whether the fruit seedling farm has a seedling production license and a plant quarantine certificate. Third, we should choose strong new seedlings. If they are old seedlings, residual seedlings (incompatible) or diseased seedlings, it is easy to cause premature aging. If it is found that the diseased seedlings with Huanglongbing, cleavage, gummosis and other diseases cannot be used, they should be destroyed in time. If there are canker, scab and anthracnose, you can spray the seedlings with chemicals before sowing.
2. Prepare before planting: (1) Choose soil with sufficient sunshine and convenient irrigation and drainage for planting. (2) Choose the soil with loose soil and deep plough layer. (3) 90- 100 plants/mu should be planted in the initial border, and fruit tree holes should be opened in hilly land, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied.
3. Be familiar with the growth characteristics of fruit trees and improve the level of management technology: First of all, we should master the scientific water management principle of citrus growth characteristics changing with seasons-spring wetting, summer drainage, autumn irrigation and winter control. Citrus is the most waterproof, especially in rice fields with high groundwater level. It is necessary to dig a deep ditch more than 80 cm for drainage. Mountain orchards should be opened around the ravine to prevent mountain torrents from washing away the arable layer of the orchard and causing soil erosion.
4. Developing ecological orchard and applying more organic fertilizer can effectively improve the tree vigor; No herbicide application can effectively prevent premature senescence of citrus. Ecological orchards mainly use organic fertilizers, control pests and diseases by biological control methods, and produce green fruits. (1) Apply more organic fertilizer based on peanut bran. (2) Glyphosate can't be used for orchard weeding, but Gramoxone can be used for chemical weeding. (3) Planting white flowers and plants in orchard is beneficial to the survival of natural enemies of red spider. (4) Pay attention to the foliar fertilizer supplemented with trace elements.
Planning and planting techniques of Nianju orchard
It is required that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities. In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions. 1, time. Generally, it is planted after the autumn bamboo shoots mature in September-165438+10 or before the spring bamboo shoots germinate in February-March. 2. Density. The planting density is 3m× 4m, and 55-60 plants are planted per mu. 3. Planting techniques. Digging planting holes in the soil: pulling wires at regular intervals, digging planting holes with a depth of 80cm and a width of 80cm, then pressing green manure with a depth of 50cm, and backfilling the soil with a height of 40cm for planting; Ridge planting: 8 meters, 60-80㎝ wide and 40-60cm deep, with 2 ridges per grid (width 1.5m, center distance 4m, height 20-30cm). When planting, the roots of seedlings should be trimmed appropriately, placed in the center of the planting hole, stretched and righted, and the seedlings should be gently lifted upward while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil. Water the roots, make a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, and cover it with chaff.
Soil, Fertilizer and Water Management of Annual Citrus
soil management
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard.
Fertilizer and water management
(1) Fertilization principle: It is necessary to fully meet the demand of blood oranges for various nutrient elements, advocate more application of organic fertilizers, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided. (2) Fertilization methods: mainly soil fertilization and foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted. (3) Fertilization of young trees: apply less fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn when bamboo shoots emerge, (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February, and apply 0.4 kg ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 kg urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and the plants are applied with organic fertilizer 1-2 kg and chemical fertilizer 50- 100 kg. (4) Moisture: Irrigation when soil is dry, and drainage when water accumulates. Plastic trimming 1, principle. Adjust measures to local conditions, prune trees, properly raise and lower them, and ventilate and transmit light to achieve three-dimensional effect. 2, plastic surgery (natural and happy appearance). The trunk is 20-40cm high, and the trunk branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are left on each main branch. Generally, after the third main branch is formed, the central trunk of this kind is cut off and twisted to one side to form a fruiting branch group. Step 3 trim. (1) Young trees: mainly light pruning. After selecting the extension branches of the class center and the main branches and the extension branches of the auxiliary main branches, moderate or even severe pruning is carried out, and the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted according to the pruning degree and the direction of cutting buds. In addition to properly thinning the over-dense branches, the inner branches and weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained. (2) Initial fruiting stage: continue to select short cutting to treat the trunk extension branches at all levels, erase the summer shoots, and promote the autumn shoots to be robust. In autumn, measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are taken to promote the flowering of Wangshu. (3) Full-fruiting period: the fruiting branches, falling branches and declining branches are retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect branches are cut off.
Pest control of Nian orange
anthrax
Strengthen cultivation management to prevent biased application of nitrogen fertilizer; In spring and summer, before new shoots germinate and fruits mature, mancozeb, cupric acid, zineb and chlorothalonil can be sprayed on the crown every 15 days for 3-4 times continuously.
root rot
Timely drainage, improve the lighting and ventilation conditions in the park, and strengthen the prevention and control of trunk pests such as longicorn beetles; Selecting disease-resistant rootstocks such as Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Orange and tangerine, and replacing infected plants with disease-resistant rootstocks. Drug prevention: apply drugs after scraping the diseased spots. Commonly used drugs are carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl.
mite
Citrus red spider, four-point yellow spider rust tick. Before and after flowering (March-May) and autumn (9-165438+1October) are the key periods for controlling red spider: the population density reaches 1-2 heads/leaf before flowering, and it needs to be controlled after flowering and when it reaches 5-6 heads/leaf in autumn. The main periods of controlling rust lice are spring shoot sprouting, young fruit and fruit expansion: rust color appeared on the back of spring shoot leaves in that year; When the insect population density on leaves or fruits reaches 2-3 heads per leaf, control it immediately. Commonly used pesticides are hexythiazox, propargite, bromopropyl ester, chlormeuron and so on. Pay attention to the protection of natural enemies, such as bearded mites, blunt mites, mite-eating ladybugs, Japanese beetles, lacewings, etc.
balance
Arrow scale, red wax scale, cotton scale, etc. ). The key period of drug control: the first generation nymph stage of scale insects, the damage stage of a large number of terminal branches in the larval stage of scale insects (usually from early May to mid-June), and the peak period of scale insects. Commonly used drugs include buprofezin, methidathion, matrine nicotine, lesburn, oil emulsion and so on. Pay attention to improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the park; Protect and utilize natural enemies such as Japanese square beetles, red-lipped ladybugs, lacewings, golden aphids, Australian ladybugs and red ladybugs.
aphid
The killing rate of new shoots reaches 25 {BF}, so it should be sprayed immediately. Commonly used pesticides include chlordimeform, dimethoate and butachlor. Attention should be paid to the protection of ladybugs, Chrysopa grandis, Syrphidae, Aphididae, etc. Cut off the overwintering eggs and reduce the number of pests.
Leaf miner
The key period of control is the emergence of bamboo shoots in summer and autumn (mid-July). Wipe off the scattered new shoots in summer and autumn in time, and combine fertilizer and water management to promote the healthy and tidy new shoots of plants. Chemical control: spray new shoots every 7- 1-2cm for 2-3 times continuously. Commonly used pesticides are avermectin, cartap and cypermethrin.
Cerambycidae
From May to August, the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora glabripennis were killed artificially at noon on sunny days, and the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis were killed in the evening; Remove eggs and newly hatched larvae in time and cut off damaged branches; Soak pesticides such as dimethoate in cotton or cotton yarn, then block the wormhole, and then seal the wormhole with soil to poison the larvae.
Bud maggot
When budding, methyl chloride powder, diazinon granules, etc. After selection, it is mixed with fine soil and sprinkled on the soil surface of the tree tray once every 7 days for 2-3 consecutive times; When the diameter of the bud is 2-3mm (white), spraying phosphorus and trichlorfon on the crown; Remove the damaged flower buds as soon as possible, and concentrate or boil them deeply; Deep digging in the garden soil in winter can kill some overwintering pests pupae.