The Forbidden City in Beijing is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units and the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions. 1987 was selected into the World Cultural Heritage List. In 20 12 years, the maximum daily passenger flow exceeded180,000, and the annual passenger flow exceeded150,000. Starting from 20 14, the museum is closed every Monday for the restoration of the cultural relics in its collection.
On October 2014165438+2310, the mascot of the Forbidden City in Beijing made its debut. The mascot originated from the traditional auspicious dragon and phoenix images in China, namely "strong dragon" and "beautiful phoenix". On June 201May 13, the Palace Museum tried to restrict the 9,999,1000 person-times and ticket sales in real-name registration system.
201510/0 On the occasion of the celebration day of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Palace Museum, the Forbidden City has newly opened tourist areas: Baoyun Building, Cining Palace District, Wumen Yanchilou District and Donghuamen. The Forbidden City is known as the first of the five largest palaces in the world (the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Palace of Versailles in France, Buckingham Palace in Britain, the White House in the United States and the Russian Kremlin). The Forbidden City in Beijing is called the first of the five largest palaces in the world.
There were more than 1630 halls in the Forbidden City in the early Ming Dynasty, and 1800 halls in the Qing Dynasty, and there are about 263 1 existing halls. The style drawings of the palaces in the Forbidden City are meticulous to the inch. From Kangxi to the early Republic of China, the Lei family measured and collected drawings from generation to generation. It is said that there are 9,999.5 houses in the Forbidden City. In fact, according to the expert field survey of 1973, there are more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses in the Forbidden City, with a total of 8704 rooms. This "room" is not today's room concept. The "room" here refers to the space formed by four pillars.
The Forbidden City was called the Forbidden City before the Revolution of 1911. Its name comes from "Wei Zixing Yuan". Ancient astrologers in China divided the stars in the sky into three walls, four elephants and twenty-eight stars. Among them, Sanyuan refers to Wei Zixing Yuan, Tai Weixing Yuan and Shi Tianxing Yuan. Zixing Garden is located in the center. It is said that the residence of the Emperor of Heaven (Purple Palace) is in Zixing Garden. The earthly emperor calls himself "the son of heaven" and takes the word "purple" as the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City is a complex with yellow tiles, red walls and white stones decorated with gold. Among them, the yellow glazed tile is the symbol of the son of heaven.
The initial construction of the Forbidden City (Forbidden City) involved 230,000 craftsmen and millions of migrant workers, which lasted 15 years.
The Forbidden City in Beijing was built by Judy, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, in 1406. In order to reject the fate of the Yuan Dynasty, it was basically not built on the basis of the Metropolitan Palace of the Yuan Dynasty, but moved150m eastward and rebuilt the palace, including all the palace walls. It is larger than the Metropolitan Palace and slightly smaller than the Nanjing Forbidden City. The designer is Kuai Xiang, a royal craftsman from 65438+. During the 500 years from the completion of 1420 to the abdication of19/1,24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The Forbidden City was built in strict accordance with the principle of "the former dynasty was in the city, and the left ancestor was in the right society" in Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji. The whole Forbidden City, in terms of architectural layout, is combined into a whole through the changes and ups and downs of its shape. Functionally, it conforms to the hierarchical system of feudal society. At the same time, it achieves the artistic effect of balance and body change.
The roof forms of buildings in China are rich and colorful. In the Forbidden City, there are 10 different kinds of roofs. Take the three pavilions as an example. The roof is different.
The roofs of buildings in the Forbidden City are covered with glazed tiles of various colors. The main temple is mainly yellow. The buildings in the prince's residential area use green. Other colorful stained glass, such as blue, purple, black, emerald, malachite green, sapphire blue, etc., are mostly used in gardens or glass walls. There are glazed kissing animals at both ends of the main ridge on the roof of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and the swallowing ridge is steady and powerful. Kissing animals have beautiful shapes, which are both components and decorations. Some ceramic tiles create three-dimensional animal images such as dragons and phoenixes, lions and seahorses, symbolizing auspiciousness and majesty. These components play a decorative role in the building.
1949 In February, the Palace Museum was established shortly after the PLA occupied Beiping. From 1950 to 1960, some people put forward the reconstruction plan of the Forbidden City, but it was shelved for various reasons. 196 1 year, with the approval of the State Council, the Forbidden City was designated as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China. 1966, under the order of Zhou Enlai, the Forbidden City was protected and escaped the disaster of the Cultural Revolution. From 65438 to 0987, the Forbidden City in Beijing was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.
In 2004, the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage formulated a draft protection plan for the buffer zone around the Forbidden City in order to protect the surrounding environment of world cultural heritage and meet the requirements of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. After public appraisal, the protection buffer zone of the Forbidden City was determined according to the protection scope of the old imperial city and the northern city (including the Forbidden City) approved by the municipal government1984 (revised by1987), combined with the Protection Plan of Beijing Historical and Cultural City and the Protection Plan of Beijing Imperial City. The buffer zone covers an area of 780 hectares, starting from the North Second Ring Road in the north and reaching Qiansanmen Street in the south, with the east and west imperial city roots. The construction control area covers an area of 597 hectares; The Forbidden City covers an area of 86 hectares; * * * 1463 hectares. The buffer zone plan will come into effect after being approved in February 2005 and reported to the World Heritage Center for the record.
In the past ten years, the Palace Museum has received an average of 6-8 million Chinese and foreign tourists every year. With the development of tourism, the number of tourists is increasing, which shows that people's interest in the Forbidden City is lasting. On August 2013 15, the TV series Shoukang Palace, in which Zhen Xuan lived in Empresses in the Palace, will be officially exhibited after the original exhibition. Cining Palace Sculpture Museum will open on May 3 1 20 15.
According to the existing scale, the open area of the Forbidden City will reach 76% by 2020. By then, except for the turret and non-ancient buildings, all parts of the Forbidden City will be open. The Forbidden City is carrying out the renovation of cultural relics, environmental improvement and the expansion of the exhibition area. On 2015101,the Palace Museum officially opened new areas such as Cining Palace, Wumen Yanchi Building and Donghuamen, which increased the opening area of the Forbidden City from the current 52% to 65%, bringing visitors a more complete and rich visiting experience.