Wang Xing is one of the three most populous surnames in China, and its origin is very complicated.

According to Tongzhi Genealogy, the Wangs in Jingzhao and Hejian are said to be descendants of the fifteenth son Bi, so this expenditure is from Ji's surname; Wang Xing of Beihai (now Shandong) and Chenliu (now near Kaifeng, Henan) is said to be descended from Shun Di, and this expense is from Wang. In Du Ji County (now Xinxiang, Henan Province), Wang Xing claimed to be the Prince, which came from his surname. The above three branches are all related to the meaning of "Wang". Among the many branches of Wang, the branch originated from the descendants of Ji surname is still the most famous.

There are also descendants of a few dynasties, named king because their ancestors were kings. For example, Wang Xing from Henan came from Ke Ping; In Fengyi area, it turned out to be a descendant of Tong Er; Wang Xing, from Yingzhou, Shandong Province, is from North Korea; Anton Wang Xing, Ben Ashby. In Guang Yun, Wang xing's aristocratic family is divided into 265,438+0 places: Taiyuan (now Shanxi), Langxie (Shandong), Chenliu (Henan), Donghai (Shandong), Gaoping (Gansu), Jingzhao (Xi 'an), Tianshui (Gansu), Dongping (Shandong) and Xincai. Among them, Taiyuan and Wolf Evil King are particularly famous.

It is precisely because the origin of Wang Xing is quite long, so many sources have been formed in the historical changes. In addition to being from the royal family, there are many people who give their surname Wang or pretend to be wang xing, such as the great-grandson of Yan Wangdan, who gave his life to Wang Mang and gave his surname Wang; For example, at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the local separatist Wang took Wang as his surname. Wang Sengbian, the general of Nanliang, belongs to Xianbei nationality. He was named king by the ruler, so he changed his name to Wang Han. Not only many royal families of Huaxia nationality take Wang as their surname, but also many descendants of tribal leaders and rulers of ethnic minorities take Wang as their surname, which is roughly the same as that of wang xing of Ji, Gui and Zi mentioned earlier. As a result, the surname "Wang" has many sources, a wide distribution and a large population.

Among the many branches of Wang, the branch originated from the descendants of Ji surname is still the most famous. This branch of Wang xing originated from the original Zhou Dynasty, that is, today's Gansu and Shaanxi Xi 'an areas, and later the main enfeoffment was in today's Shandong. According to textual research, Wang Dao, the famous minister of ZTE in Jin Dynasty, is a descendant of the Wang family in Shandong, and his grandson once became a noble family.

The origin of surnames

1, from Ji's surname. Ji Jin, the prince of Zhou Lingwang, was abandoned as a civilian because of his outspoken suggestions, and moved to Langya (now Jiaonan, Shandong) where he thrived. Because it was originally a royal family, the world called it "Wang" and extended it to the surname. And his fifteenth son, Bi, whose descendants somehow scattered around Jingzhao and Hejian, called themselves for imperial power. Later generations did not change, and gradually became the most popular name. Sun Chi, the great-grandson of Hehe, went out to the State of Jin, and his descendants changed their surname to Wang to commemorate his identity. At the end of the Warring States Period, people in the Western Zhou Dynasty changed their surname to Wang in order to commemorate their original residence after Qin Dynasty.

2. From Gui's point of view, since the ancient emperor Yu Shun, he lived in Beihai and Chenliu and was born in.

3. Judging from the son's surname, he is a descendant of Cheng Tang. At the end of Yin Dynasty, his brother Prince Bi Gan was killed because of remonstrance, and was buried in Shouling, Jixian County, where his descendants lived. Because of his royal background, he changed his surname to Wang.

4, from Tian surname. In 368 BC, Tian He replaced Jiang as the monarch of Qi, which was called "Tian's generation of Qi" in history and spread to the Eight Kings, and was later destroyed by Qin, and his descendants were abolished as Shu Ren. One of them thought he was the royal family of Qi, so he took Wang as his surname.

5. After Wei Xianzi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin and each was king. Later, Wei died in the state of Qin, and his royal family took refuge in various places. Because many of them are descendants of Wei, they changed their names to Wang. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, took refuge in Mount Tai, entered Korea and named him Warrior Lanling. Later, he claimed to be from the family of princes and nobles, surnamed Wang.

6. After Yan Taizi Dan. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped Han's independence, established a new dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor. Yan Taizi Dan's great-grandson is famous, and he gave his life, and he was favored by Wang Mang, giving him the surname Wang and the same surname as the emperor. Many people in history were given the surname Wang, and their descendants also took Wang as their surname.

7. from ethnic minorities. According to Tongzhi. Family profile "Wang Xing who walked out of Henan" is a Keping family; Feng Xu is a left ear family; Out of Yingzhou, rush to Korea; Ben Kirsch from Anton. This is the surname of King Lu. Generally speaking, sons are named after Wang. "

8. Because he changed his surname to Wang. For example, Wang Sengbian, the general of the Southern Dynasties, was originally a Xianbei nationality, surnamed Wu Wan, and later changed his surname to Wang; In the Sui Dynasty, there was a king in the Western Regions. After entering the Central Plains, he changed his surname to Wang. Liu Qufei of the Five Dynasties was renamed, and his son attacked the king; Hong Yan family of Manchu, some changed to Wang Xing; The Mongolian family of Yelushi was also changed to Wang Xing.

9, simplified from the compound surname. According to statistics, there are at least 14 such cases, namely, Prince, Father, Crown, Uncle, Sun, King, King, King and Wang Le.

10, from the royal family of Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan's sixth son fled to the Central Plains in order to escape the persecution and pursuit brought by seizing power. As a sovereign, I changed my surname to Wang to show my identity.

A detailed study on the origin of surnames-There are five main sources in Wang Xing:

First, from the Ji surname: from this, the three families of Ji surnames that constitute the main body of Wang are derived:

1 Yes, the offspring of the fifteenth son Bi.

"Comrade? A Brief Introduction to the Clans in the New Tang Dynasty? According to the genealogy of the Prime Minister, Bi is his younger brother. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Bi (now northwest of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province) was named Qi Huangong, so it is called Bi in history. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Biwan, his descendant, went from Bi State to Jin State as Stuart, who was enfeoffed in Wei and spread to Zhao and North Korea to carve up Jin State. In 225 BC, it was destroyed by Qin, and later people scattered. Because they are kings, they are also called the Wangs.

The State of Wei, founded by Wei, has always been one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. The last monarch of Wei was captured and Wei died. In the fourth year after Wei's death, the Qin dynasty unified the world, and the descendants of Wei were scattered all over the country, called the Wangs. From then on, they took Wang as their surname.

2. The king comes from the King of Jin.

Prince Jin was a brilliant royal aristocrat in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

According to New Tang Book? According to the pedigree of the prime minister, Prince Jin was abolished because of direct remonstrance, and his son was Stuart. Later, his descendants moved from Luoyang to Taiyuan and Langxie. At that time, it was called the Wangs, because I thought it was a surname.

3. From the great-grandson pool.

Wang Xing is the great-grandson of Zhou Pingwang. After ruling in Wang Ping for more than 50 years, his prince's muddy father died before him. Father and son in troubled times are brothers of King Huan of Zhou. After King Ping's death, Chi succeeded to the throne, but because his power was not as strong as his brother's, he was quickly overthrown and he had to go to the State of Jin. His descendants also changed their surname to Wang Xing, because they are royalty, and they are the royal family in Shanxi.

The second is from Gui.

He is a descendant of Tian He, the king of Qi. In 404 BC, Tian He abolished Qi as a monarch and became Tian Qi. Since then, the State of Qi was destroyed by the State of Qin, and the late Emperor Jianzhou (now Huixian County, Henan Province) gave birth to three sons: Yi, Huan and Qi. Different children are safe. Xiang Yu was made king of northern Hebei during his anti-Qin campaign. After the demise of Xiang Yu, Tianan lost the throne. To commemorate the glory of this moment, his descendants changed their surname to Wang. This is a Henan trainer.

Third, it is from the surname.

After that, he fought for the Prince of Yin Shang.

According to "An Introduction to Tongzhi Nationalities", Bi Gan (the uncle), the prince of Yin Shang Dynasty, died after being remonstrated with Zhou Wang for many times. After being killed, Bigan was buried near the capital Chao Ge (now the north of Weihui City, Henan Province), and his tomb was guarded by future generations. At the same time, in order to commemorate him, he changed his name to "Wang".

Fourth, his family changed his surname or gave it.

1. Liu changed his surname to Wang.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang established a new dynasty. In the second year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (10), he wrote: "Thirty-two people, including Ming Degong and Liu Jia, all knew the destiny, or made a long speech, or arrested and accused the rebels, which contributed greatly. I have more than * * with the thirty-two ancestors, and I am given the surname Wang. "

In the Five Dynasties, Liu Qufei, a native of Youzhou, followed Liu Shouqi as a marching Sima for Heyang. After Li attacked the Lianghe and Luohe areas, Liu Qufei defected to Gao Jixing, stationed in Jingnan military forces and became Gao Jixing's confidant. After the establishment of the later Tang Dynasty, Gao Jixing expressed his surrender and served as a minister in the later Tang Dynasty. Gao Jixing had a close relationship with Li in the later Tang Dynasty, and Liu Qufei changed his surname to Wang because he was an enemy of Li, which was called self-protection.

2. Liu changed his surname to Wang.

During the Northern Dynasties, the conference semifinals in the western regions moved to Xinfeng (now northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province) and died soon. His wife took her son and married RoyceWong in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, he changed his surname to Wang, and his son was Wang, who proclaimed himself emperor at the end of Sui Dynasty.

3. Xie changed his surname to Wang.

Tingzhou Prefecture in Ming Dynasty (now Changting County, Fujian Province) experienced Wang Deren, surnamed Xie. "My father evaded the enemy and changed his surname to Wang."

In the preface to the king, he said: "My family is of this family, and later I went to Jin to thank the corps commander." In Tian Liang prison, Jing Di was afraid to feel that Xing Wu, an official, was a satrap. Because of his family, he is Xie. At the beginning of Jianming, Zhong Liegong was the commander-in-chief of Beiping, and was sent by Zhang Bing and Zhang Xin to supervise the prince. Zhang Xinmi and Yan Di exchanged money, and Yan Di pretended to be sick, asking Zhang Bing and Zhong Liegong to investigate. Both of them were killed. Jingnan soldiers, however, are strict with foreigners, and the son of loyalty and youth is exempt from attacking the family name.

4. change your surname to Wang.

Wang, the capital of Ming Dynasty, was originally surnamed Yang, and Wang Dachong, the judge of Dali, was originally surnamed Sun, and they all changed their surnames to Wang.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Minority changed their surname to Wang.

1. Xianbei people frequently moved their capital from Beiping City during Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and many generations of Xianbei people followed here. In the 19th year of Taihe (495), Emperor Xiaowen ordered all Xianbei people who moved to Luoyang to change their native place to Luoyang, Henan Province. After their death, they were buried in Mangshan Mountain in the north of Luoyang and changed their surnames to Han. Coping was replaced by Wang Wei.

2. Qiang Tong Er Jia

"Shu Wei" volume 94 "eunuch? The Biography of Wang Yu said: "Wang Yu, when celebrating himself, had an evil name, and Feng Yi was the town. There are thunder, party and Mongols, all of whom are the strongest among the Qiang people. Because the surname was Wang first, then Tong Er, Sejong changed his surname to Wang Yan. Since the Jin Dynasty, it has been the length of the canal. "

Tong Er Shi, Tong Er Shi and Tong Er Shi of Qiang people were brothers in Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the great cause, the two "took the queen's brother and changed their surname to Wang". Brother Tong became the queen's brother from Xiao Lun. Xiao's sister married the Tong family of the Qiang nationality. According to seniority, Brother Tong may be a contemporary of Xiao Huanghou.

3. Koreans

From the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was not uncommon for Koreans in Yingzhou area to change their surnames to Wang. Book of the Week Volume 20 Biography of Wang Meng records: "Wang Meng, the son of Wang Meng, is also the brother of Empress Mingde. Its first music ronin. " The Book of the Tang Dynasty 1 10 Biography of Wang Sili records that "Wang Sili and Yingzhou City are also next to the Koreans". 160 biography of Wang Maozhong also said that Huo Gong Wang Maozhong was a "Korean". Whether Wang Maozhong is a Korean in Yingzhou area is unknown, but it is certain that he changed his surname to Wang.

4. Uighurs

Anton Dufu was established in the first year of General Commander Zhang Tang Gaozong (AD 668). Among the Uyghurs to which Anton Hufu belongs, there is a family named Abs, which is one of the most popular Uyghur surnames. In the second year of Tang Suzong Shangyuan (AD 76 1 year), the Anton House was revoked, and a man named Abs entered the account of Li, our ambassador to Chengde, and was adopted by General Li Wang, who changed his surname to Wang.

5. Huns

Xiongnu is an ancient northern minority in China. During the Warring States period, they were nomadic in the areas north of Yan, Zhao and Qin. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was war and tenderness between the Central Plains Dynasty and the Xiongnu. In the 24th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 48), the Xiongnu was split, with the northern Xiongnu staying in Mobei and the southern Xiongnu returning to Han, which formed the first climax of the communication between Xiongnu and Han Dynasty in the Central Plains. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, the Western Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms, a large number of Huns went further south into the Central Plains and successively established several regimes. Many Huns changed their surnames to Wang Xing when they entered the Central Plains.

6. Khitan nationality

According to the records in the New Tang Book and the Japanese Tang Book, the adoptive father of the above-mentioned Uighur Wang Tingcuo was from Qi, and his grandfather, father, son, grandson and great-grandson were all prominent in the Tang and Five Dynasties. During these two periods, the Khitans established Liao State, and many people in the royal family changed their surnames to Wang.

7. Jurchen nationality

The Jurchen nationality established the Jin Dynasty in the Song Dynasty. The royal family in the Jin Dynasty also changed their surname to Wang after Jin's death. "Wang's Epitaph" contains: Wang Zu was born in the Jin Dynasty and lived in Cizhou (now Cixian County, Hebei Province). Wang's father Wan Yanyuan was appointed ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary. When I was young, I was in mourning. I once lived in Daming, Puyang and other places and changed my surname to Wang.

8. After the Song Dynasty, the Mongols and Manchu established the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. In the process of long-term contact with the Han nationality, many Mongolians and Manchu also changed their surnames to Wang.

Wangxing aristocratic family

Wang Dao, the prime minister of three generations, was a famous minister of Wang's nobility.

Historically, the Wang family became a prominent family, starting from the Jin Dynasty. He assisted Emperor Jinyuan in crossing the river, established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye (now Nanjing), and successively served as the prime minister of Yuan Di, Ming Di and Chengdi. His descendants are also born from generation to generation, so their family background is naturally higher and higher, and finally evolved into "people with family background need to push Wang Xie."

Perhaps because of his high reputation, there are always different opinions about the origin of wang xing, which makes people feel unable to agree.

According to "Tongzhi Genealogy", "Jingzhao and Hejian Wang, the fifteenth son of Bi, are the kings of Benji's surname; Out of Beihai, Chen Chu, Fu Shun, whose surname is Wang; Out of Du Ji County, after the completion of the prince, this son is king; It is Ke Pin who leaves Henan; Feng Yi is a Jiaer family; Out of Yingzhou, rush to Korea; The man who came out of Anton is Ben Ashib, the king of Lu. Probably after the king, his descendants will be called the king. "

This record shows that people surnamed Wang were not handed down from one source. For the Han people, some are descendants of Zhou Wenwang, some are descendants of Yu Shun, and some are descendants of Bigan in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. This situation is complicated enough. Later, not only many foreigners changed their surnames to this Han surname, but also some people were given the surname Wang. For example, in Hanshu, it is proposed that the great-grandson of Yan Wangdan was given the surname Wang by Wang Mang. Wang, a native of the western regions, is also surnamed Wang. In this way, it is almost impossible for a person surnamed Wang to trace his surname back to his lineage.

There are many in wang xing, but the most famous is Wang. According to textual research, Wang Dao, a famous minister in Jinzhong who made Wang a famous family, is the descendant of this branch spread in Shandong.

As Wang Xing has a large population, it is natural that his descendants will spread all over the world. According to Guang Yun, there are roughly 2 1 family of Wang Xing's famous schools, namely Taiyuan (now Shanxi), Langya (Shandong), Beihai (Shandong), Chenliu (Henan), Donghai (Shandong), Gaoping, Jingzhao, Tianshui (Gansu) and Dongping (Shandong). Among them, Wang in Taiyuan and Langya is the most famous. Wang Dao mentioned above is a native of Linyi, Shandong Province, and belongs to the Langya School.

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Li nationality accounts for 7.9% of the Han population, or more than 87 million people. Li is widely distributed in China, mostly in the north, and almost all over the world overseas. According to ancient data, Li is a descendant of Ying, and Li is the first.

At the end of Shang Dynasty, he settled in Luyi County, Henan Province because he could not escape from Henan. In order to appreciate (the fruit of a woody plant) being there when he escaped and avoid Yin's pursuit, he changed his surname Li.

Li lived in Henan for more than 200 years from the end of Shang Dynasty to the beginning of Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Li's surname developed to Gansu and Hebei. During the Western Han Dynasty, one of Li's surnames moved to today's Shandong. From about the Eastern Han Dynasty, Li moved to the southwest, distributed in Sichuan and Guangxi. Before the Tang Dynasty, the surname Li mainly developed in the north and only distributed in some areas south of the Yangtze River.

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, which ruled for nearly 300 years. As a "national surname", Li is the most prominent. There were many descendants of the Li family in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, all those who made meritorious deeds in the Tang Dynasty were given the surname Li, which greatly expanded the population of Li. After the great development of the Tang Dynasty, Li began to move south, mainly for three times. The first time was when Henan Li entered Fujian and opened Zhangzhou; The second time was the Anshi Rebellion, and many people surnamed Li moved south to escape the war. The third time from the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, due to the long-term turmoil in the Central Plains, Li directly entered Fujian and Guangdong from Chang 'an and Henan.

In the history of China, more than 60 people took Li as the king and emperor, and successively established the regimes of Dacheng, Xiliang, Wu, Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Nantang, Dashu, Dashun and so on.

In addition, Li's talent is also passed down from generation to generation. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a famous thinker and founder of Taoism, Li Er (Laozi); In the Tang Dynasty, there were politicians Li Yuan and Li Shimin, and great poets Li Bai, Li He and Li Shangyin. Five pronouns Li Yu; Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a famous Li Xianzhong. Li Shizhen, an outstanding physician in Ming Dynasty, Li Mengyang, a writer, and Li Zicheng, the leader of peasant uprising.

Li and Li Xiucheng, generals of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Qing Dynasty, and Li Yu, a drama theorist and writer; In modern times, there were China's earliest Marxists, Li Dazhao, one of the founders of China's * * * Production Party, geologist Li Siguang, patriotic democrat Li Gongpu and so on. Li Yeyong, who lives abroad, shows many outstanding talents. Chinese-Americans Li Zhengdao and Li Yuanzhe won the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry respectively, and they are world-class scientists. Lee Kuan Yew, a native of Guangdong, was once the Prime Minister of Singapore. Ten financial groups in modern Hong Kong, Guangdong, chaozhou people, Li Ka-shing, etc.

Zhang (surname)

Zhang is one of the biggest surnames in China, with a long history and many families. Zhang used to have 43 aristocratic families, which is unparalleled among all surnames.

Zhang's surname has three obvious characteristics. First, his surname is early and has a long history. Second, there are many clans all over the country, and there are Zhang clan relatives everywhere; Third, there are countless talents. Since ancient times, Zhang's outstanding figures have contributed to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

Regarding the ancestor of Zhang, there are the following records in the history books of past dynasties: "The five sons of the Yellow Emperor are clear and clear, and they are bows and arrows. He looks at and worships the North Star. Because of Zhang's surname (see Yuanhe's surname), "he waved an arc arrow and was sealed by Zhang, followed by a bow. Zhang, look outside Taiyuan. " (See Textual Research on Surnames) Zhang, Huang, Li, Zhao and Huangdi gave their surnames. (See "Custom Pass")

"Zhang, Shi Jin and Jin are divided into three parts, and this is the Jin Gong who takes the word as his surname. The genealogist is called the son of the Yellow Emperor and the fifth son of Qingyang family. He bows and watches the arc stars, then makes bows and arrows, worships the arc stars, and gives his surname Zhang. This is not a natural surname. According to the Jin Dynasty, there was a surname Zhang. Since then, the Zhang family has appeared in the Jin Dynasty, so it is undoubtedly because of the word "Zhang". (See "Tongzhi". Clan strategy. Take the word as the surname ")

"Zhang is from Ji, and Zhou's ancestors are in South Korea. The twelve most popular ones are Xiangyang, Luoyang, Hedong, Shixing, Feng Yi, Pingyuan, Qinghe, Hejian, Zhongshan, Wei and Shu (see preface to Zhang's genealogy).

Judging from the above records, the origin of Zhang's surname can be traced back to the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Huangdi, five thousand years ago, and he is a direct descendant of Huangdi. Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to a son. After the Yellow Emperor sealed China, it was the ancestor of Zhang. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that Zhang is a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor.

This famous Chinese descendant is very clever. When he saw the arc star in the sky, he made a bow and an arrow by imitating its shape. It turns out that there is a star named "Tiangong" in the sky, which is called "Arc" for short. It belongs to Su Jing, on nine planets southeast of Sirius. Eight stars, such as arches, and aliens, such as vectors, are in the dog and Nanchuan constellations. Song history. Heaven asked: "nine planets is in the southeast of Wolf Star, and so is the bow." He saw the bow and was inspired by the shape of the bow and arrow, and invented the bow and arrow, an important weapon in ancient times. He was also given the surname Zhang.

However, the original "Zhang" has an unnatural surname meaning. Because after the invention of the bow and arrow, before using it, the bow must be pulled open with strength, otherwise, it cannot be used. Therefore, the swing is named "Zhang". Since then, the descendants of the swing have been divided into two factions, some surnamed Gong and some surnamed Zhang, which is also the reason. Later generations of Zhang, when talking about their surnames, often interpret it as "a bow with a long beard" because of this. This surnamed Zhang, who originated from the swing, got his surname very early and is the earliest and oldest surnamed Zhang in China.

Nearly 2000 years later, about 3000 years ago, in the Zhou Dynasty, two more Zhang surnames appeared on the land of China. Different from other surnames, these two newly added Zhang surnames are also named Huangdi, and they both come from Korea and Jin State established by the descendants of free Ji surnames. In South Korea and the State of Jin, some people take Zhang as their surname, that is, "Zhang's surname comes from Ji's surname, and those who go to Zhou's surname come from Korea", and "Zhang's surname comes from the State of Jin, and the word originated from the State of Jin". In Zhang's General Source, two more sources were added. These two Zhang's origins are more than two thousand years later than Houlang's, but they are all descendants of Xuanyuan Huangdi, but they are far and near.

Regarding the earliest origin of Zhang's surname, the wave branch directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor originated in Taiyuan today. Taiyuan is the birthplace of the Zhang family in China and the seat of the Zhang family of the Chinese nation.

After arriving in North Korea and Jin State of Zhou Dynasty, the origin of Zhang surname also developed to many places due to the addition of new origin. At that time, South Korea's "12 most promising people" was quoted by Jue Yuan, but it is no longer here. At that time, the State of Jin became a prominent family of Zhang's "Qinghe, Nanyang, Anding, Dunhuang, Wuwei, Fanyang, Qianwei, Liangzhong, Zhongshan, Hanoi and Gaoping". Han and Jin changed their surnames to Zhang, later than their descendants, but later came from behind and spread widely. According to "China Surname House Zhang Paper Atlas", in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang had a reputation of 43, which not only spread all over the country, but also became a prominent family in many places, surpassing other surnames. These two surnames of Zhang in Zhou Dynasty played an important role in Zhang's becoming the most popular surname in China.

In the origin of Zhang's surname, there are also elements of ethnic minorities joining. After the Han Dynasty, due to the prosperity of Liu Han, some ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Liu, and a few ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Zhang. Some people with the same surname admire Zhang's clan, but they also abandon their original surname and choose Zhang to follow. "Historical Records Zhang Liao's real name is Nie, later changed to Zhang. Historical Records Biography of Longyou also records that Zhuge Liang named Longyou Zhang in the Han Dynasty. These are all examples.

There are many branches of the Zhang clan, and the situation of spreading and moving is also more complicated. Because the Zhang family is all over the country and the Zhang family is all over the country, the Zhang family's spread and migration for thousands of years has its very complicated characteristics. Although the Zhang family has its own breeding centers in various places, its ancestors, migration time and route are different from other surnames. It moves in different places, at different times, along different routes and in different directions.

Zhang has always been a talent. Zhang Yi lobbied six countries to deal with Qin in Lian Heng during the Warring States Period. In the following dynasties and generations, Zhang celebrities stepped onto the historical stage. Zhang has so many "family heirlooms" that few people can match him. The following are just a few examples:

Among the celebrities in the Han Dynasty, Zhang was among the best. No matter in politics, achievements, or academic, artistic, medical and other aspects, it is at the forefront. Sean was a minister in the early Han Dynasty. He had many ingenious strategies to help Liu Bang win the world. Zhang Qian's two missions to the Western Regions strengthened the ties between the Central Plains and ethnic minorities, developed friendly relations between the Han people and the people of Central Asia, and promoted economic and cultural exchanges and development. Scientist Zhang Heng created the world's earliest armillary sphere and seismograph for measuring earthquakes. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist, wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which made great contributions to the development of medicine in China. Calligrapher Zhang Zhi said, "The style of Chinese characters is a stroke, occasionally disconnected, but the blood vessels are continuous, the connected ones are also connected together, and the qi veins are also connected together, so it is called" this grass ".

After the Han dynasty, there was the opening angle of the yellow turban insurrectionary leader; General Zhang Fei and Zhang Liao in the Three Kingdoms period; Zhang Zai, a writer and scholar in Jin Dynasty; Tang Dynasty poets Zhang Ji, Zhang Hu and Zhang Ji, calligrapher Zhang Xu; Zhang Lei, a poet in Song Dynasty. According to legend, there was a Zhang Gongyi family in the Tang Dynasty, and the ninth lived together for * * * wealth, which was praised far and near. After the news reached Tang Gaozong, the emperor personally came to visit. Gao Zong asked him the secret of maintaining family business and family harmony, and he only wrote 100 words of "forbearance" as an answer. Gaozong realized the principle of governing the country. Deeply moved, he drove back to the palace contentedly. Since then, in order to commemorate this meaningful event, Zhang Gongyi's family adopted "forbearance" as the family emblem. According to ancient records of the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, many ministers presented rare treasures for Xuanzong's birthday, and only Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister, presented a copy of the Millennium Golden Chamber. In his book, he discussed in detail the ways of rise and fall in ancient and modern times, aiming to persuade Xuanzong to remember the lessons of rise and fall in previous dynasties when the world was at peace, and to be prepared for danger in times of peace and protect the country forever. Afterwards, Xuanzong cherished his precious "gift" and wrote a letter to show off his watch. So people in Zhang Jiuling are also proud of it, and began to take "Jin Jian" as the Tang name.

Since ancient times, Zhang has produced 63 prime ministers and 56 generals. In addition, such as the thinker Zhang Zai's contribution to Confucianism, the sublimation of Buddhist thought by Buddhists (common surname Zhang), and the Taoism, etc. It is of great significance. Another example is Zhang Xueliang's military remonstrance against Japan and Zhang Fulin's space exploration. It is also an important event that has made contributions in the contemporary era and gone down in history. These are the great contributions of Zhang people to history and culture.

Today, Zhang ranks third among hundreds of surnames.