One-stop ships are very particular about composition, material selection and preservation. Dragon boat family is huge, with 10 rowing "short dragon", hundreds rowing "long dragon", "standard dragon" seen in international competitions and "traditional dragon" for visiting relatives. This report mainly introduces the model book, which is the most common traditional long queue in Guangzhou. It can hold more than 80 people and is 40 meters long. In terms of material selection, Cylon generally chooses light-colored Chinese fir and teak, while Youlong, which doesn't pay attention to speed, chooses dark brown Kundian wood, which is strong and corrosion-resistant, and can be preserved for many years, and the more it is soaked, the more beautiful it is. At present, most of the dragon boats in Guangzhou use Kundian wood, and a dragon boat uses 6-7 cubic meters of wood. Teak is better than Kundian wood, but it costs 200 thousand to make a teak dragon boat, so few people choose this kind of wood. It is reported that if Kundian wood is used as a dragon boat, the long dragon is about 1 10000 yuan, and the short dragon is about 30000 yuan. Craft When selecting wood, artisans should also choose a good day to open lines and ink the wood for making new dragons, and hang red flowers for the first erected dragon skeleton to show solemnity. Next, the whole dragon boat production began. The specific process is divided into ten major processes, namely, binding the bottom bone, making the foot edge (bottom of the boat), binding the colorful board and hinge bolt, nailing the dragon root, setting the stool, nailing the lace (outer board), nailing the edge (inner board), installing the string mouth, binding the dragon rope and the general tip. The whole process takes about 20 days. In order to compete in the water, the dragon boat must have a light and strong hull. In Chenlongzhou Factory, a "dragon" belonging to Jianggao lies across the river. Master He is carefully vacuuming and refueling the hull. In 20 days, Master He and his workmates made this dragon with one hand and one foot. But for him who has 30 years of experience in dragon boat making, the hull structure is already well-thought-out. "A standard dragon boat is generally more than 30 meters, which is divided into main bones (keels), feet, flowers and stools. ; Accessories such as drum stands and gongs can also be included in the middle. " Master He explained while sweeping the oil. "The keel is also called the dragon cable, which is equivalent to the backbone of the dragon boat and runs through the whole dragon boat. It is the core part of the whole dragon. " It turns out that the strength and radian of the keel determine the firmness and radian of the dragon boat. The keel of a 30-meter-long dragon boat is generally composed of two Chinese fir trees about 15 meters long. In order to bend the keel and make both ends of the dragon boat tilt, the Chinese fir keel with a diameter of about 30 cm should be fixed with a jack for many days to reach the required radian. After the keel is completed, the side plates should be inserted upward from the bottom bone in the order of first, middle and back, with the bottom bone on both sides and the boat with "big edge" and "lace" on both sides. However, this can not be done casually, because the "big side" and "flower side" determine the final shape and streamline of the dragon boat, thus determining the water-breaking ability of a dragon boat. The wood that makes up the dragon boat does not use any adhesive substance, the edges of the wood are polished by hand, and nails are nailed with the most primitive hammer. In order to prevent water from entering, a nail is driven every three centimeters, and a good dragon boat consumes dozens of kilograms of nails. The faucet is a clear river, and the boat swims in the water. The fierce and mighty dragon head is coming, and the deafening drums are from far to near ... The momentum of the dragon boat depends largely on the dragon head. The fiercer the faucet, the better, which is regarded as the function of town house, exorcism and exorcism. It's not just a game. After the game, many people win the first prize at a high price and take it home for decoration. Shangjiao Village is famous for its dragon boat, but in the dragon boat factory, it is hard to find a dragon head. "There are generally no faucets here." Fu Shuo, Huang Shi of Dragon Boat Factory. It turns out that the dragon head and the dragon tail were installed on the bow before the game, and they were not made together with the dragon boat, so the dragon head and the dragon tail can't be seen in the general dragon boat shed. Master Huang described that faucets are mostly carved from whole wood and dyed red, calling them "red dragons". Some are painted black or gray, called "black dragon" or "gray dragon". "Wood is cut, decorated, carved, shaped, polished and colored ... all the same." After the faucet is formed, it is necessary to install a nose ball, a dragon beard and a dragon tongue for the faucet; A stainless steel bead, painted yellow, can be moved in the dragon's mouth and looks lifelike; However, the top of the faucet is in the shape of antlers and painted with dazzling gold powder. Finally, a molded red faucet with a half-open mouth and a dragon ball in its mouth looks dignified and imposing. "The dragon boat enters the water, and the faucet is eye-catching. It is enough for a dragon boat to bask in the water first." Huang's master made dragons according to the beliefs of the village, and he didn't have to believe in Guanyin Bodhisattva. "There are white beards and black beards. Only people who believe in Guan Gong religion use black beards." In addition, the dragon's tail is mostly carved from "a piece of wood", covered with scales, green and gold, complex but gorgeous. "After the completion of the whole dragon boat, the master will' please come down' the hidden dragon head and tail, and set off firecrackers, and ask people to take photos of the dragon head to show enough respect." In the dragon boat, there are always two rows of strong arms struggling to paddle. Pan Jianming, a folklore expert in Zhucun, described that the dragon boats in the Pearl River Delta region are relatively large, with more than 60 people very common, and many with more than 100 people. Only when dozens or hundreds of paddles paddle at the same time can the dragon boat move forward with great momentum. The dragon boat in Qi Shuai should be marked with the flag of the village, which is also called Qi Shuai. Qi Shuai varies from village to village, with some pennants and some hundred-foot flags. The colors of the national flag are also different, including red, yellow, black and colored. The flag representing the clan of the village allows people to tell from a distance which village and which nationality it is. Accompany God, accompany God (elder) as a post "Everywhere in the countryside". According to the rules, there will be a special "shrine" on the dragon boat. Before the dragon boat leaves, you need to "invite" the gods in the temple to put them on board, so as to keep the dragon boat safe. Those who hold the throne are called "accompanying God". The escort also has the responsibility to protect the safety of idols. Accompanying the gods needs to be dressed according to the gods worshipped in the village. Pan Jianming, a folklore expert in Zhucun, said that when Zhucun offered sacrifices to the Northern Emperor, he dressed up as the "Northern Emperor". Miaotou Village is dedicated to King Hong Sheng, dressed as "God and King of the South China Sea"; Huanxi Village and Lianxi Village are dedicated to the Monkey King, so they are dressed as "Monkey King Xiang"; Some villages worship Lv Dongbin and dress up as "Lv Dongbin incense". "After the whole dragon boat activity, it is a kind of resurrection to invite all the gods on board back to their temples." Luosan "gongs and drums are loud and colorful flags are fluttering." On the river, there are hundreds of battles. How to read the inner world of each dragon? Luo San is the best business card. According to Huang Yuanchang, director of China Garment Factory, a time-honored brand in Guangzhou, Luo San, also known as Luo San, is the most complicated and gorgeous symbol of one-stop service. It is five to seven feet high and divided into three layers, like an embroidered pleated skirt fluttering in the wind on the river. It is covered with golden gourd and bamboo below. The main material of the umbrella is soft satin cloth, embroidered with embroidery patterns such as Ssangyong, Kirin and Eight Immortals, and decorated with rabbit fluff, dotted mirrors and colorful mesh ears. The stars sparkle in the sun and are colorful. If the handsome flag is a symbol of the dragon boat, then the umbrella is a symbol of the status of a dragon boat. In ancient China, the umbrella was a symbol of the power of emperors and generals. The material, color and size of the umbrella, like the black veil on the head, is a symbol of status. Among them, red and yellow are for official use, and most of the people are cyan. "There is not so much pressure now, and what color is used to see the preferences of the villagers." According to Huang Yuanchang, the main color of Luo umbrella can reflect the following gods, such as general green for Guandi, black for Beidi and white for Guanyin. In addition, red represents auspiciousness and yellow represents imperial power. The umbrella will also be embroidered with the words "good weather, peaceful country and safe people" to express the good wishes of the villagers during the festival. A first-class umbrella can be used for 50 years. After the Dragon Boat Festival, the umbrella cloth can be removed, washed and put away. As the drum saying goes, "On May 5th, the dragon boat was launched and the drum was broken". The grandeur of the dragon boat trip can best be reflected in the drum on board, which is an indispensable command center on board. The standard dragon boat drum is higher than the lion drum, generally 85-90 cm high and at least 60 cm in diameter; The weight of a dragon boat drum can reach 100 kg. The sound of this drum is very penetrating, and it can be heard clearly from 100 meters away. The manufacture of dragon boat drum is also an art, which is different from the common drum made of multiple boards. Most dragon boat drums are carved from primitive wood carvings. In the past, there were hundred-year-old trees in rural areas, such as white olive trees, camphor trees and tallow, which were all good raw materials for drums. Hand-made drums are generally divided into more than a dozen processes, such as selecting wood, making drum blanks, selecting drum skins, scraping thick and thin skins, scalding water to dry skins, macerating, pushing and scraping, grinding skins, nailing silently, priming, painting, etc. Any process will make mistakes. It takes at least three weeks to make a drum. Good drums can generally last for more than twenty years. The drum of dragon boat drum is mostly composed of single hammer drum and double hammer drum. Single mallet drum is also called shun drum, that is, only one rhythm is played, and when the drum rings, the hand is scratched. Double mallet drum, also called horseshoe drum, is lively and has a sense of jumping. The drummer beats left and right, repeats the double ring, and then picks it up in the radial hand. However, during the competition, the rhythm of the double hammer drum is not as clear as that of the single hammer drum. There are many sharp bends in the rivers in the Pearl River Delta, and the dragon boat tour has to go through many bends. At this time, the boatman who is in charge of steering at the stern will "say something" and the direction of the dragon boat is in his hand. The people on the whole dragon boat must cooperate seamlessly to ensure foolproof, and the ferryman's skills are very good. Drummers Drummers generally stand in the middle of the dragon boat. At the beginning of the drum, the wood is radial and uniform. Pan Jianming, a folklore expert in Zhucun, described this speed-grasping person as the commander-in-chief of the whole ship. "If you want to be slow, you have to rely on drummers, sprint fast and fall behind fast. All the movements are directed by the drummer. "