Catalogue of Emperor Gaozu

outline

Early experience

Arise against Qin

Based on Guanzhong

Chu-Han War

The siege of Jiuli Mountain

Claiming to be the emperor and establishing the Han Dynasty

Achievements in office

In the body, vectors refuse to rule the sky.

The queen's child

Mausoleum of posthumous title

Posterity evaluation

Other details

In the body, vectors refuse to rule the sky.

The queen's child

Mausoleum of posthumous title

Posterity evaluation

Other details

[Edit this paragraph] Personal data

Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty (256 BC-BC 195), was born in Fengyi, Pei County (now under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), Han nationality. His father Liu Tuan has four sons, namely Liu Bo, Liu Zhong, Liu Bang and Liu Jiao. Liu bang ranks third among the four brothers. He used to be a local ruffian, but later he became the curator of Surabaya Pavilion. At the end of Qin dynasty, the peasant war uprising, and then taking advantage of Guanzhong serenade. He was defeated by Xiang Yu, because he was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu, so when the country was founded after defeating Xiang Yu, the title was set as "Han", with Luoyang as its capital and Chang 'an as its capital. Shortly after he ascended the throne, he was surrounded by Xiongnu modu chanyu in Baidengcheng for several months and was forced to make peace. After coming to power, he killed the hero, provoked Ying Bu to rebel, was seriously injured and died. From 206 BC to 65438 BC+095 BC.

[Edit this paragraph] Early experience

I don't like reading or working

Liu bang is generous and doesn't like reading very much, but he is tolerant of others. He didn't like working in the fields either, so he was often scolded as a "rogue" by his father, saying that he was not as good as his brother, but Liu Bang still went his own way. When Liu Bang grew up, he became the director of the pavilion in Surabaya. After a long time, he got acquainted with the county officials and became famous in the local area. Liu Bangxin is big. On the way to Xianyang, an active soldier met a large group of Qin Shihuang who were patrolling. Looking from a distance, Qin Shihuang was sitting in a beautifully decorated car and blurted out with envy: "A gentleman should be like this!" "

After Liu Bang unified the world in the future, he joked with Taigong about this matter: "Who do you think, Liu Zhong (Liu Bang's younger brother) and me, created a great inheritance?"

Marry Lu

Liu bang's wife is her daughter Lu, whose name is Lu. Lv Gong made enemies with people in his hometown, and later settled in Pei County, because the county magistrate of Pei County was his good friend. When I first arrived in Pei county, many people heard about his relationship with the county magistrate, so someone came to visit, pull a lesbian relationship and make friends. Liu bang heard about it and went to join in the fun. At that time, Xiao He, who was the county magistrate's bookkeeper in Pei County, presided over the reception. He announced a rule: anyone who receives a gift of less than 1000 yuan will sit at the bottom of the hall. Liu bang doesn't care about this at all. Although he didn't have any money with him, he said to the person in charge of delivering the letter, "I'll give you 10 thousand yuan for congratulations!" " Hearing this, Lv Gong hurried out to meet him personally. "。 As soon as I saw Liu Bang's majestic posture and unusual appearance, I liked it very much. Please sit down at the table. This time, Liu Bang not only ate a meal for nothing, but also had a full meal. After that, Lv Gong left him amicably and offered to marry his daughter. Liu bang wanted this marriage, got the consent of his parents and married Lu, which became famous in history. Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, is her son and the son of Liu Bang. The other child is Princess Lu Yuan who married Zhang Ao.

[edit this paragraph] arise against Qin

Cut off the white snake

As a curator, Liu Bang escorted his disciples to Lishan as Pei County, and many people escaped halfway. Gaozu estimated that when he reached Mount Li, he all fled, so when he reached Fengxi osawa, he stopped to drink and released all the prisoners at night. Gaozu said, "Run for your lives, and I'll fly away from here!" "There are more than a dozen strong men in the army who are willing to follow him. Gaozu, drunk, took a path through the swamp at night and let one go first. The person who walked in front came back and reported, "There is a big snake on the road ahead. I'd better go back. "Gaozu was drunk and said," There is nothing to be afraid of when a gentleman walks! " So he rushed to the front and drew his sword to cut the snake. The snake was split in two, the road was opened, and he continued walking for several miles. He was lying on the ground drunk. The man behind came to the place where the snake was cut and saw an old woman crying in the dark. Someone asked her why she was crying, and the old woman said, "Someone killed my child, and I am crying for him." Someone asked, "Why was your child killed?" The old woman said, "My child is Bai Di's son. He turned into a snake and stood in the middle of the road. Now he was killed by Chi Di's son. That's why I cried. "Everyone thought that the old woman was lying and was about to hit her when she suddenly disappeared. The man behind caught up with Gaozu, and Gaozu woke up. Those people told Gaozu what had just happened, and Gaozu was secretly happy and more conceited. His followers grew afraid of him.

Pei Gong arose.

In 209 BC, a peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Chen Sheng and the rebels captured Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime and openly opposed Qin. At this time, Pei county magistrate also wanted to respond and continue to master Pei county regime. Xiao He and Cao Can were the main officials of the county magistrate at that time. They suggested that the county magistrate recall the people in exile in the county, which could increase their strength and prevent future troubles. The magistrate felt justified, so he asked Fan Yan, Liu Bang's best friend, to get Liu Bang back, and Liu Bang took people back. The county magistrate here regretted it again, fearing that Liu Bang would return out of control or be killed by Liu Bang, which was tantamount to inviting wolves into the room. So, he ordered to close the gate, ready to capture Xiao He and Cao Can. When Xiao He and Cao Can heard the news, they quickly fled outside the city. Liu bang shot the letter into the city, encouraged the people in the city to rise up and kill the treacherous county magistrate, and together they defended their hometown. The people are very dissatisfied with the county magistrate who doesn't take care of them at ordinary times. After killing the county magistrate, they opened the gate to welcome Liu Bang and elected him Pei Gong to lead the uprising. Liu Bang listened to public opinion, set up an altar, called himself the son, and led the people to raise the anti-Qin banner. This year was September of the first year of Qin Ershi, and Liu Bang was 48 years old. There was also a powerful force in the peasant war at the end of the Qin Dynasty, that is, Xiang Yu, a descendant of the original Chu nobility, and his uncle Xiang Liang, rose up in Wuzhong (now Wushi, Jiangsu) and soon reached nearly 10,000 people. After Xiang Liang's death, Xiang Yu decided to go west to Guanzhong with Liu Bang.

Liu Bang didn't go well at first, but after several battles, Liu Bang moved westward step by step, and finally arrived in Enemy at the Gates, Bashang (now Anton) not far east of Xianyang. Zi Ying, the king of Qin, saw that the tide was running out, so he had to surrender and give the imperial seal to Liu Bang, and the Qin Dynasty was thus destroyed. This happened in 206 BC.

[Edit this paragraph] According to Guan Zhong

Liu Bang proudly entered Xianyang City, calling himself "the King of Guanzhong". Looking at the magnificent palace, Liu Bang is a little nostalgic and ready to stay and enjoy it. Fan Kuai advised him to pay attention to the world is not flat, don't forget the lesson of Qin. Liu Bang didn't listen at all, and he didn't realize the seriousness of the problem until Sean personally persuaded him. So Liu Bang retreated his troops to Bashang.

After Liu Bang arrived at the dam, he called local celebrities and made three chapters with them: murder, wounding and theft. Other harsh legal systems in the Qin dynasty were abolished, which made him supported by the people.

After defeating Zhang Han and forcing him to surrender, Xiang Yu also led the army straight to Guanzhong. Fan Zeng advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of his opponent Liu Bang, and Xiang Yu ordered to prepare for the next day's attack. At this time, Liu Bang has been unable to compete with the powerful Xiang Yu in strength. He has only100000 troops, but he can't beat Xiang Yu's 400000 soldiers. Finally, Xiang Bo, Xiang Yu's uncle, "saved" Liu Bang: Xiang Bo and Sean, Liu Bang's counselor, were very close. Seeing that Xiang Yu was going to attack, they sneaked into the enemy camp overnight to find Sean and told him to leave quickly to avoid being killed. Sean said he couldn't leave Liu Bang, so he broke the news to Liu Bang. In a flurry, Liu Bang hurriedly asked Sean for advice. Sean sent Liu Bang to see Xiang Bo, indicating that he had no intention of competing with Xiang Yu for the throne.

Liu Bang went to Xiang Bo as planned, showing that he had no ambition to be king, and made an appointment with his children in Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo returned to the barracks that night. He said to Xiang Yu: "Because Pei Gong entered the customs first and cleared the way for us to enter the customs, we can successfully pass the Hangu Pass. Pei Gong is a man of contribution. We should not doubt him and treat him sincerely. " Xiang Yu listened and decided not to attack Liu Bang.

The next day, Liu Bang came to Xiang Yu's barracks, bringing only Fan Kuai, Sean and one hundred elite Qin Bing. Arrived at Xiang Yu's big account and apologized to Xiang Yu who greeted him. Xiang Yu invited Liu Bang in for dinner. Xiang Yu's father, Fan Zeng, has always advocated killing Liu Bang. At the banquet, he repeatedly motioned for Xiang Yu to start, but Xiang Yu hesitated and silently refused. Fan Zengzhao invited Xiangzhuang to dance the sword to the banquet and took the opportunity to kill Liu Bang. Xiang Bo also drew his sword to protect and cover Liu Bang, but without success. This is the origin of the idiom "Xiang Zhuang dances with a sword, which is intended to be Pei Gong". Later, Liu bang left for an excuse and returned to the camp.

After the Hongmen banquet, Xiang Yu led the troops to the west, and the general was named king, Liu Bang was named Hanwang, and the territory of Ba, Shu and Hanzhong was forty-one counties, with its capital in Nanzheng (now Nanzheng, Shaanxi). Xiang Yu himself called himself the overlord of Chu and held the supreme commander of the army. Chu Huaiwang Xiong Xin was honored as a righteous emperor.

[Edit this paragraph] Chu-Han War

In October of the first year of Hanwang (206 BC), Liu Bang became king in Guanzhong after the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. In December, Xiang Yu invaded Hanguguan to destroy Liu Bangjun. Knowing the defeat, Liu Bang went to Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi) to apologize. Soon, Xiang Yu entered Xianyang. In the spring, Xiang Yu appeared to respect Chu Huaiwang as the righteous emperor, but in fact he was sent to the south of the Yangtze River, becoming the overlord of the land of western Chu and the capital of Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). At the same time, he enfeoffed 18 princes, named Liu Bang as Hanwang, and commanded Bashu and Hanzhong, and deliberately named Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun as Wang Yong, Wang Sai and Zhai Wang. Liu bang had to submit to humiliation and accept the title. In April, he led the troops into Hanzhong and burned the plank road (the road paved with boards on the cliff), indicating that he had no intention of sending troops to paralyze Xiang Yu again. Xiang Yu also returned to the East with a great army. In May and June, Tian Rong, a descendant of Qi nobles, was dissatisfied with the enfeoffment, drove away the King of Qi, killed the King of Jiaodong, and established himself as the King of Qi. Liu Bang took advantage of the chaos to return to Guanzhong, defeated Zhang Han, forced Sima Xin and Dong Kun to land, and tricked Xiang Yu into believing that he was satisfied with Guanzhong and would never move eastward again. Xiang Yu safely attacked Tian Rong, and did not strengthen the prevention of the West. In October, Liu Bangdong invaded, worshipped Han Xin as a general, built a plank road, and secretly crossed Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), saying that the nominal emperor sent someone to contact the governors and publicly denounced Xiang Yu, which opened the prelude to the Chu-Han War.

Battle of Pengcheng: In April, Liu Bang took advantage of Xiang Yu's stay in Qi to lead 560,000 allied governors to capture Pengcheng in one fell swoop. Hearing this, Xiang Yu quickly led 30,000 chosen men to attack and annihilate more than 300,000 allied troops. Liu bang only led dozens of riders to escape, and the anti-Chu alliance collapsed.

Fight for: In May, Liu Bang arrived in Xingyang, repelled Chu's pursuers, stopped breathing, stabilized his position, reorganized the army, and relied on the Guanzhong base area and favorable terrain to fight against Xiang Yu for a long time. In June, Liu Bang sent troops to attack the waste hills and forced Zhang Han to commit suicide, which relieved his worries. Send someone to persuade Qing Bu to oppose Chu and contact Peng Yue to disturb Chu's rear; Han Xin was sent to open up the northern battlefield, attack Wei, destroy the generation, destroy Zhao and kill. In the winter of three years, Xiang Yu launched a counterattack and besieged Xingyang. The situation is very critical. Liu Bang used Chen Ping's double spy to make Xiang Yu doubt Fan Zeng, and forced Fan Zeng to return home in a rage. Liu Bang also sent Ji Xin to pretend that he had surrendered to the Chu army and took the opportunity to escape from Xingyang. Xiang Yu stepped up the siege of Xingyang and occupied the elevation.

In order to reduce the pressure of Chu army on Xingyang, Liu Bang led the army to lure Xiang Yu south through Wuguan, Wan (now Nanyang, Henan Province) and Ye (now south of Yexian County). In order to cooperate with the Han army, Han Xin also led an army to the north bank of the Yellow River to support Xingyang. Peng Yue attacked Xiapi (now south of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province). Xiang Yu was forced to lead the army to rescue, and Liu Bang took the opportunity to recover the elevation. In June, Xiang Yu launched a fierce offensive, withdrew from Xingyang, and then captured the elevation.

Liu bang ordered the Han army to stick to it in Gongxian county and stop the Chu army from advancing. At the same time, he ordered Han Xin to form a new army to attack Qi, and sent people to the hinterland of Chu to help Peng Yue attack Luoyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan) and Waihuang, forcing Xiang Yu to rescue again. In October of four years, Liu regained it again.

After defeating Peng Yue, Xiang Yu failed to find the main force for the decisive battle of the Han army, so he stationed troops in Guangwu (now Xingyang North) and confronted Liu Bang. Soon, Han Xin annihilated the Qi-Chu allied forces in the battle of Weishui, completed the strategic detour to the Chu flank, and sent Guan Ying to Pengcheng. Xiang Yu was caught between Scylla and Charybdis. So he made an alliance with Han and divided the world into two parts, with Chu in the east and Han in the west. In September, Xiang Yu led the troops eastward.

After the alliance between Chu and Han, Liu Bangben wanted to withdraw. Under the reminder of Sean and Chen Ping, he ordered the full pursuit of ChuJun. In October of five years, the two armies fought in Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang), and Xiang Yu won a small victory. Liu Bang won over Han Xin, Peng Yue and Qing Bu. Through the reward, the Chu army suffered heavy losses in the next world war, forcing Xiang Yu to commit suicide in Wujiang (now Anhui county), and finally ending the four-year Chu-Han war.

[Edit this paragraph] The circumference of Jiuli Mountain

In December of five years, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other Han troops, with about 700,000 men, fought a decisive battle with 6,543,800+10,000 exhausted Chu troops. Han Xin led the army in the middle of the Han army, with General Kong as the left wing and Michael Chen as the right wing. Liu Bang led his troops to follow up, with General Zhou Bo as the rear guard. Han Xin invaded and lost the first battle. The former army was defeated by Chu knight Xiang Yu. Xin led the troops to retreat and ordered the left and right armies to outflank and attack the troops behind the Chu army. After the Chu army was exhausted from a long battle, the Han army split the Chu army and the knights of Xiang Yu's former army in two, and Han Xin once again commanded the whole army to fight back. The Chu army suffered a crushing defeat, with more than 40,000 dead, 20,000 captured and 20,000 scattered. Less than 20,000 wounded soldiers returned to the battle with Xiang Yu, and the Han army also suffered hundreds of casualties. After that, the Chu army retreated into the barrier and stood still, surrounded by the Han army. Chu army soldiers are exhausted. Han Xin ordered the officers and men of the Han army to sing Chu songs at night. The song said: "All the people belong to Chu, and the world belongs to Liu; Han Xin's remoulding and beheading the overlord's head "caused the foot soldiers of Chu army to be homesick and war-weary, and their morale collapsed. Xiang Yu led 800 people to flee to Dongcheng and died. Liu Bang then returned to Dingtao, rushed into Han Xin's army, seized his relieving, and later renamed Han Xin as the King of Chu, and went to Pi (now the east of Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province).

[Edit this paragraph] Address Emperor Han Jian.

In the first month of 202 BC, Liu Bang fulfilled his promise and named Han Xin King of Chu and Peng Yue King of Yue. Han Xin, Yuan Zangcha, Zhang Ao and Changsha Wang wrote to Liu Bang, asking him to become emperor. Liu bang began to pretend to refuse. Han Xin and others said, "Although your majesty was born in poverty, he can lead the people to wipe out the violent Qin Dynasty, punish evil and promote good, and stabilize the world. He has contributed more than all kings, and you are expected to be declared emperor. " Liu Bang said: "Since you all think that it is beneficial to the people of the world, then do as you say."

On February 3, 202 BC, Liu Bang held a ceremony of Deng Ji in Xiangyang, Dingtao, Shandong Province, and named the country Han.

In May of the same year, Liu Bang held a celebration banquet in Nangong, Luoyang. At the banquet, he summed up the reasons for his victory: "In terms of strategy, I am better than thousands of miles away, not as good as Sean;" On the supply of food and grass to comfort the people, I am not as good as Xiao He; I'm not as good as Han Xin, who led a million troops and won a decisive battle on the battlefield. However, I can make good use of people and give full play to their talents, which is the real reason for our victory. As for Xiang Yu, he only has Fan Zeng available, but he is suspicious of him. This is the reason for his final failure. " Liu bang's summary is indeed correct. The human factor is always the most important factor that determines the outcome of a war.

Later, Liu Bang moved the capital to Chang 'an because of the reminder of a foot soldier named Lou Jing. Lou Jing came from Shandong to see Liu Bang, saying that Liu Bang had a different world from the previous Zhou Dynasty, so he should not take Luoyang as the capital like the Zhou Dynasty, but set the capital in Guanzhong, so as to stick to the dangerous place of Qin and the country can maintain long-term stability. Sean agreed with Lou Jing's suggestion. He said that Guanzhong is a "golden city of thousands of miles, a land of abundance", which can retreat and defend, attack and escape. Liu bang agreed, so he quickly moved the capital to Chang 'an.

[Edit this paragraph] Current achievements

Measures to consolidate imperial power

Although Liu Bang became emperor, he did not dare to treat his throne lightly. When he gave a banquet in honor of Ying Bu and other ministers, he boasted to his father present: "You used to call me a rogue who didn't do anything, and no second brother could manage the family. Now that I am an emperor, do you think my second brother has more wealth or mine? " But while enjoying it, he also took measures to consolidate the imperial power.

The first thing that disturbed him was the kings recruited from all over the country. They all have soldiers, and some are half-hearted. The second problem is that other generals are vying for credit and reward. If they are not appeased properly, they will go to those kings with different surnames to make trouble. And the descendants of the original six countries should not be taken lightly. In the central government, the power of the prime minister also poses a threat to him as an emperor. Liu Bang spent eight years from becoming emperor to his final death, which was basically used to solve these problems that made him uneasy.

He took care of Han Xin first. In 20 1 year BC, that is, in the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu, someone reported Han Xin's rebellion. Liu bang asked what to do, and everyone said that he sent his troops to crusade. But Chen Ping objected. He said that Chu has plenty of food and grass, and Han Xin is good at fighting, so it is difficult to win his troops. He suggested that Liu Bang use the dream trip as an excuse to let all the princes go to Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), and then Han Xin would definitely come and arrest him. Liu Bang acted as planned, and Han Xin was arrested. When Han Xin heard the accusation against him, he shouted loudly: "The ancients said it really well:' A sly rabbit dies and a running dog cooks; Birds are exhausted, and good bows are hidden; Destroy the enemy and the counselor will die. "Now that the world is settled, people like me should have been cooked and killed long ago." Liu Bang took Han Xin to Luoyang. Without conclusive evidence, he was released, but he was reduced to Huaiyin Hou. This made Han Xin bear a grudge.

In the second year, Han Xin conspired to let Chen Yi rebel in other places, and let Liu Bang personally counter the rebellion, and then attacked the Prince and Lv Hou himself in the capital. But it still came out. Lv Hou adopted Xiao He's idea, lured Han Xin into the palace to arrest him, and finally beheaded him in Changle Palace, leaving an idiom "Success is Xiao He, failure is me".

In addition to Han Xin, other governors such as Peng Yue and others were also eliminated, leaving only Wu Rui, the king of Changsha.

For other generals, Liu Bang also took great pains. At first, Liu Bang enfeoffed more than twenty officials, including Xiao He. However, because the generals don't trust each other, they won't stop striving for success. On one occasion, in the Nangong of Luoyang, Liu Bang saw people sitting on the sand. He didn't know what they were talking about, so he asked Sean around him what was going on. Sean said they were plotting. Liu Bang asked why, and Sean said he was afraid that he would not appoint their senior officials in the future. Liu asked what to do. Sean asked him who he hated most. Liu said it was Yong Chi because he was too proud to kill him. Hearing this, Sean asked him to be a Yong Chi Hou. In this way, everyone thinks that Yong Chi, who is hated by Liu Bang, can be blocked, so there is no need to worry. So, Liu Bang held a grand celebration banquet, named He Fanghou, and ordered the Prime Minister and the Imperial censor to draw up a certificate of commendation and a list of women heroes on the spot. Sean's plan really worked, and people were at peace.

For the descendants of the six countries, Liu Bang moved them and hundreds of thousands of local noble families to live in Guanzhong and put them under the central control, thus eliminating worries.

Regarding the excessive power of the prime minister, Liu Bang attacked and weakened the prime minister by putting Xiao He in prison. After Liu Bang put down the rebellion in Qing Bu and returned to Chang 'an, Xiao He proposed to open Shanglin Garden for the people to cultivate, because Shanglin Garden was basically deserted and was not the place where the emperor kept animals for hunting. Liu Bang was annoyed when he heard it, insisting that Xiao He accepted bribes from businessmen, so he spoke for them and made profits for businessmen in in the name of people. Liu Bang put Xiao He in prison. A few days later, a minister asked the Prime Minister what crime he had committed, but Liu Bang defended himself: "In the past, Reese was the Prime Minister of Qin, and all the credit went to the first emperor, and all the bad things were borne by himself. But now Prime Minister Xiao He has accepted bribes from businessmen and begged me to open a forest garden for them, so as to buy people's hearts. Therefore, he should be treated for his sins. " By attacking veteran Xiao He, Liu Bang weakened the relative strength and improved the power of the emperor.

In consolidating and strengthening the imperial power, Liu Bang also tried his best to respect his father Taigong as the emperor's father, and to deal with Lu Bu and Ding Gong. These two things finally achieved his goal.

After a long period of chaos in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, as well as the short-lived rule of the Qin Dynasty, coupled with the war at the end of the Qin Dynasty, people did not have the concept of loyalty to the monarch, and still maintained the idea of "impermanence of scholars and no ministers in the country" formed since the Warring States Period, which was not conducive to the consolidation of imperial power. Liu bang respected his father, the minister of education and the people to observe etiquette, respect his elders and be loyal to the monarch.

Liu Bang lives with his father Taigong. In order to show his filial piety to everyone, he visits every five days. Taigong thinks nothing, and he is used to it. However, Taigong's subordinates felt that it was inappropriate, so they advised him to say, "As the saying goes, heaven has no two masters, and earth has no two masters. Today, the emperor is your son, but he is also the master. Although you are his father, you are also his minister. It is impolite for his master to see your minister. Besides, this will not show the majesty of the emperor. "

When Liu Bang saw his father again, Taigong went out to meet him with a broom in advance, and then went back to the house without a chance to salute Liu Bang. Liu bang was surprised and jumped out of the car to help his father. Taigong quickly said, "The emperor is the master. I can't destroy the etiquette of the country because of myself." Liu Bang wrote a letter, honoring Taigong as the emperor's father, killing two birds with one stone, which not only showed the dignity of the emperor, but also made it logical for him to visit his father.

The second thing is the treatment of half-brothers Lu Bu and Ding Gong. When Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for the world, they were both generals under Xiang Yu. Lu Bu led troops to defeat Liu Bang several times, and Ding Gong led troops to pursue Liu Bang, but he was finally released. When Liu Bang became emperor, he remembered that Lu Bu had defeated himself and arrested him. But when I thought that I needed a loyal minister like him to help me, I stopped holding grudges, not only released him, but also made him a doctor. When Ding Gong heard about it, he felt that even Lu Bu, who had embarrassed Liu Bang, could be released as an official, let alone a person who had been very kind to Liu Bang. I didn't expect to be caught by Liu Bang. Liu Bang said to the crowd, "Ding Gong was unfaithful when he was the general of Xiang Yu. It is such a person that Wang Xiang has lost the world. " Liu bang ordered the death of Ding Gong, and publicly displayed it in the army, warning everyone to be loyal and not to imitate Ding Gong.

Ma Xia rules the world.

After the unification of China and the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang ruled the world with civilization, recruited Confucian scholars, issued imperial edicts to the world, and collected talents extensively.

Politically, Liu Bang inherited the centralized system and county system of the Qin Dynasty, and abolished the harsh laws and criminal laws of the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang attacked Xianyang and immediately abolished the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty. Make a pact with the people for three chapters, seal up the state treasury, and win the hearts of the people without harming the people. After Liu Bang pacified the world, he ordered Xiao He to refer to the laws of the Qin Dynasty, namely "Nine Chapters of Han Law". This is based on the six "legal classics" formulated by Li Kui during the Warring States Period (theft law, thief law, net law, arrest law, miscellaneous law and equipment law), supplemented by the Household Law (household registration management, marriage system and tax collection), the Punishment Law (mainly providing for corvee and garrison troops) and the Stability Law (mainly providing for cattle and horse husbandry and postal delivery). Liu Bang made good use of Uncle Sun Tong to sort out the outline of the dynasty. Uncle Sun Tong formulated a set of political etiquette system suitable for the situation at that time, and wrote etiquette monographs such as Twelve Articles of Hanyi, Li Handu and Eighteen Articles of Law, which played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the Han Dynasty and left a valuable cultural heritage for later generations.

In terms of legal thought, Confucianism is the main idea, supplemented by legalism, abolishing the practice of "heavy punishment" in the Qin Dynasty, abolishing the law of sitting and the three tribes of foreigners, and proposing "taking morality as the main punishment". That is to say, education should be given priority, supplemented by punishment, so as to achieve the effect of combining leniency with severity and Song Yan's rule.

Economically, Liu Bang abolished Qin's harsh laws, exempted his corvee, and lightened the people's burden, such as reducing or exempting land rent, paying five taxes and one tax, "sharing interest with the people" and releasing handmaiden. Anyone who sells his body as a handmaiden because of hunger is exempt from Shu Ren, liberating the productive forces, "all soldiers go home" and "go to the farm on credit", dismissing soldiers and giving them land and houses so that they can engage in it. At the same time, encourage childbearing and expand the labor force. At the same time, vigorously develop agriculture and curb the attack on mercenary businessmen and residual slave owners. Liu Bang also accepted Lou Jing's strong and weak suggestions, and moved 65438+ Wan Qiang heroes from the six Kanto countries to settle in Guanzhong. Liu Bang enabled the people to live, unite and consolidate the country.

In the development of cultural undertakings, Liu Bang established a large-scale "National Library", such as Tianlu Pavilion and Shiqu Pavilion. "The world is set, Xiao He laws, Han Xin used the art of war, Zhang Cang's articles of association, uncle Sun Li, Liu Jiazao Newspeak. He also swore an oath with the leading actor Dan Shu Tieqi, the Golden Chamber and the Tibetan Ancestral Temple. Although the days are insufficient, the rules are far away. "

Liu Bang's relaxed and inaction policy not only appeased the people's hearts and United China, but also laid a cultural foundation for the generosity of the Han Dynasty. It can be said that Liu Bang truly unified the divided China, and gradually gathered the divided people. He made a decisive contribution to the formation of the Han nationality, the unification and strength of China, and the protection and development of China culture.

By the end of Emperor Liu Bang's reign, the economy had obviously improved, the world had changed, the people had settled down, and the soldiers could not recover. Liu Bang is a rare outstanding politician in the history of China who truly unified China. It can be said that he was the first emperor of the Han Dynasty and created the Han nationality. The wise ethnic policy he formulated in the early Han Dynasty not only helped China to recuperate from the war, but also created the prosperity of "the rule of culture and scenery" in the future, which laid a solid foundation for Hanwu to counterattack Xiongnu.

Liu Bang was far-sighted, and his political system and arrangements for future generations enabled Han to continue the longest unified dynasty in China history for more than 400 years. His political system and economic system were adopted by later rulers. The Han Empire founded by Liu Bang can be said to be the most prosperous dynasty in China's history, which made people admire and miss him in later generations, and he himself was remembered and praised by many people in later generations.

The queen's child

Empress and empresses

Empress Lv Zhi

Ji Bo

Mrs. Cao's great-grandfather and foreign wife

Mrs. qi

Evonne

son

The eldest son and his mother, Mrs. Cao, mourned Hui Wang together.

Liu Ying, mother Lv Hou, Han Xiao Hui Di.

Liu Heng, Ji Bo, mother of Emperor Xiaowen of Han Dynasty.

Liu Ruyi, Mrs Qi, was named Prince of Zhao.

Liu Chang, mother Evonne, is from Wangli, Huainan.

Lu You, whose mother is unknown, sealed Liang Wang.

Liu Hui, whose mother is unknown, was named King Huaiyang.

Liu Jian, whose birth mother is unknown, is the Prince of Yan.

daughter

The eldest daughter, Princess Luyuan, is Lv Hou.

A man with a history to check.

father

Liu Tuan and Liu Bang became the emperor's father after he ascended the throne.

brothers

Liu Bo, Liu Bang's eldest brother, died early and was not enfeoffed.

Liu Zhong, Liu Bang's second brother, was made the acting king by Liu Bang, ruling the present Hebei and Shanxi areas. Later, due to the defeat of Xiongnu, it was renamed Heyanggong, and posthumous title was the king.

Liu Jiao, Liu Bang's half-brother, was named King of Chu by Liu Bang and died as King of Yuan.

Other details

Song of the wind

The wind rises in the clouds, and the weaver girl returns to her hometown at home. Andrew, soldiers are always on the lookout, okay?

To annotate ...

(1) Liu Bangping also, Peixian people, invited old friends to drink. When the wine was drunk, Liu bang hit the floor and sang this song at the same time. In the Han Dynasty, this poem was called "Chapter of san huang", and later people called it "Song of Great Wind" (which began with a collection of literary talents).

2 "within the sea", within the four seas, means "the world". The ancients in our country thought that the world was a continent, surrounded by the sea and unknown overseas.

Make an appreciative comment

The Song of the Great Wind by Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, expresses his complex feelings of being excited, happy and full of ambition after defeating Xiang Yu as the first emperor of the Han Dynasty, and at the same time worrying about the instability of the country and the neglect of the top. Love comes from the heart, flows outside the poem, is generous and tragic, and has a lasting charm.

Throughout the founding monarch, although most of them are not good at poetry, they occasionally have magnificent momentum that ordinary people can't reach.