Its tomb structure is very grand and complicated, among which the coffins and funerary wares of Tomb No.1 and Tomb No.3 are well preserved. Tomb No.1 is 20 meters deep from the top of the tomb to the tomb. The coffin chamber is built at the bottom of the tomb pit and consists of three coffins (Chu coffins, middle coffins and inner coffins), three coffins (outer coffins, middle coffins and inner coffins) and skids. Charcoal is filled around and above the wooden coffin, with a thickness of 30-40 cm, which is about 65438+100000 Jin. The outside of charcoal is filled and sealed with white paste with a thickness of 60- 130 cm.
There is a female corpse in the coffin, which is intact and only seen in China. The funerary objects are very rich, reaching more than 3,000 pieces, including silk fabrics, silk books, silk paintings, lacquerware, pottery, bamboo slips, bamboo and wood utensils, wooden barrels, agricultural and livestock products and Chinese herbal medicines. One of the painted silk paintings covered on the inner coffin, with bright patterns and colorful imagination, is a treasure of silk paintings and sound paintings existing in China more than 2 100 years ago. According to the description of lacquerware, seal and seal, it is inferred that tomb No.1 is the wife of Li Cang, tomb No.2 is Li Cang himself and tomb No.3 is the son of Li Cang. The three tombs are separated by more than 20 years. According to textual research, Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty sealed Hou in the second year (BC 193) and abandoned Hou in the fourth year (BC 19 1 year).
The excavation of Mawangdui Han Tomb is of great value to China's historical and scientific research, and its unearthed cultural relics are extremely precious. For example, the silk book "Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases" unearthed from Tomb No.3 may be earlier than Huangdi Neijing (written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period), which records 52 diseases, mentions the names of more than 100 diseases, and has more than 280 prescriptions and more than 240 drugs. This is the earliest prescription that can be seen in China now. The discovery of Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases supplements the medical contents of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region before Neijing, which is a very precious medical heritage. After the unearthed cultural relics were moved to the Hunan Provincial Museum for exhibition, the No.3 tomb pit remained intact for Chinese and foreign tourists to visit.
20 13 On May 3rd, National Cultural Heritage Administration listed Mawangdui Han Tomb in the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units. June 20 16, Mawangdui Han Tomb was rated as one of the top ten ancient tombs in the world.
There are well-preserved female corpses and a large number of funerary objects in Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha. The female corpse was the wife of Hou Licang of Changsha _[dài generation] and was buried around 166 BC.
The structure of Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha is extremely complicated, with six layers of coffin nests, surrounded by charcoal with a thickness of 30-40 cm, and the charcoal is filled and sealed with white paste with a thickness of 60-130 cm, which should be the main reason why the body does not rot.
A large number of lacquerware, silk books, silk paintings, various musical instruments, bamboo slips, wooden figurines, agricultural and livestock products and Chinese herbal medicines were also unearthed in Tomb No.1, Tomb No.2 and Tomb No.3 of the Han Dynasty. And Hou lived in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, and the cultural relics unearthed from tombs showed the developed social productive forces at that time. In the historical sites and tombs left over from the Han Dynasty, a large number of tomb murals and stone carvings have been preserved, reflecting the high achievements of the Han Dynasty art.
Many murals of Han tombs have been found in this century, such as Buqianqiu Tomb in Luoyang, Henan, Xihan Tomb in Wangcheng Park in Luoyang, Liaoyang Han Tomb, Yingchengzi Han Tomb in Liaoning, Donghan Tomb in Helinger, Inner Mongolia and mural tomb in Wang Du, Hebei.
Stone carvings in the Han Dynasty generally refer to portrait stones and bricks. The decorative stone carvings on the ancestral hall in front of the tomb, on the lintel of the stone chamber in the tomb and on the coffin are called relief stones. The portrait brick of Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha is a kind of brick embedded in the tomb and building wall. Firstly, the concave and convex lines of the brick picture are molded with wood, and then fired. The most stone statues were found in Henan, followed by Shandong and Sichuan, as well as Hebei and Liaoning. The most famous stone carvings were unearthed in Nanyang Han Painting Museum in Henan Province, Wuliang Temple in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, and Guo Tomb Temple in Xiaotangshan, Changqing County, Shandong Province.
These tomb murals and stone murals reflect some of the same characteristics as Han paintings, mainly including three categories: first, myths and legends, yin and yang, five elements, sun, moon and stars, etc. It is a deified nature and a fairy world that people yearn for; The other kind of content is the historical story from ancient times to the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties; The third category is the content that shows the secular life of nobles, such as feasting, hundred plays, cooking, hunting, traveling by horse and carriage, etc.
The artistic style of Han painting is also simple and naive. In the painting, people and gods are intertwined and full of vitality. Composition is always full, regardless of distance, leaving no blank, but colorful and dazzling, showing an open mind and magnificent spirit. This kind of bold and vigorous painting style, vigorous and heavy power, is beyond the reach of future generations.
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