When the balloon is punctured by a sharp object, the gas in the balloon rushes out of the hole. Because the strength of the balloon at the fracture suddenly decreases, the balloon is torn and exploded.
When the balloon is stuck with double-sided adhesive, transparent adhesive, etc. And punctured from the adhesive, the balloon will not be torn because it is "reinforced" by the adhesive, so at most, the balloon leaks air and will not explode.