Be distributed

Ecological characteristics

nutrition

type

decrease

diversification

eat

medicinal material

chemical composition

pharmacological action

Sexual taste

Functional indication

avoid

seed treatment

Flower language distribution

Ecological characteristics

nutrition

type

decrease

diversification

eat

medicinal material

The pharmacological and taste effects of chemical components are mainly used to avoid flower language in seed treatment.

Cydonia oblonga Mill, alias: C. vulgaris Pers, family: Cydonia oblonga mill, alias: Muli. The genus quince is just a kind of quince, and it is one of the ancient rare fruit trees. Its fragrance is so pleasant that some Americans put it in the refrigerator or cupboard as a natural air freshener. Wen Yi

[Edit this paragraph] Distribution

Osmunda japonica, native to Iran and Turkey, is now distributed all over the world. Quince is also a kind of perfume plant. It is a fruit tree that can be developed and utilized in arid areas in the north. Now cultivated in northwest and north China, distributed in Xinjiang and Shaanxi. Mainly used as rhizome.

[Edit this paragraph] Ecological characteristics

Trees are deciduous shrubs or small trees. Trees are luxuriant, with a height of 3 ~ 6 m and a maximum height of about 8.0 m; The tree is open, the crown is allowed to grow, it is often round or semi-circular, and the main texture is often distorted. Dense branches, covered with yellow fluff, alternate leaves, dark green, with golden fluff on the back. 1 year-old branches are thin and spineless, hairy when tender, and then fall off; 2-year-old branches are purple-brown, with sparse lenticels, small winter buds and a small amount of scales and short hairs outside. I like light, but I can resist semi-yin. Strong adaptability and cold tolerance. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it can be cultivated in places with good drainage. Flowering from April to May, with 5 petals, white or pink. The fruit is often pear-shaped, white and green at maturity, but yellow is the most fragrant. The fruit of Xinjiang Muli pear is yellowish brown in appearance and has yellowish fluff. The flesh is yellow, coarse, soft and rich in sugar. The seeds are oval, fruity, sweet and slightly sour. Shrubby quince, with shallow roots, needs fertile topsoil and is 2 meters high, which can be used as dwarf rootstock of Xiyang pear. Early fruiting, big fruit and good quality are widely used in western Europe and the United States. Planting dynamic flowers at the top of the new buds extracted from the mixed buds of the bearing mother branches in the same year; Results The mother branch was a full-grown new shoot with a length less than 30 cm. As a result, the mother branch was extracted from the terminal bud or the nearby 1 ~ 2 axillary bud. Results the growth ability of new shoots was not strong, generally only 4 ~ 7 cm long. After 3 ~ 4 leaves, plant 1 flower at the top. After flowering and fruiting, they cannot stretch forward. They have to wait until the next year before they branch from the base. Under the condition of sufficient nutrition, it can be transformed into fruiting branches and continue to bear fruit. This is different from the fruiting habits of apples and pears. In summer, when the nutrition is sufficient and the climatic conditions are suitable, almost all short branches can be transformed into fruiting mother branches, and the terminal buds and axillary buds of long branches can also be transformed into mixed buds. On 1 branch, when multiple short-bearing mother branches are planted at the same time, the more tops, the higher the fruit setting rate; The fruit setting rate of mixed buds at the top of long branches is higher than that of axillary buds. After the fruit matures normally, the lower buds can be transformed into mixed buds, but because of the short vegetative growth period and insufficient nutrient accumulation, it can bloom in the second year, but the fruit setting rate is not high. If it falls off in the middle stage of development, the axillary buds at the lower part can often be transformed into fully mixed buds, and the fruit setting rate is high in the second year.

[Edit this paragraph] Nutrition

Muli pear has high acid content and tannin content. Compared with other fruits, the aroma components of Muli pear are superior in quantity and quality, and they are rich in nutrition. protein is 0.42%, sugar 13.6% and minerals are 0.44%, of which potassium is 20 1 mg/100 g and ascorbic acid is 65438. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, its taste is "sour and sweet", which is mainly used to "warm the middle warmer, relieve qi and promote digestion, remove sour water from the heart, and remove fishy smell from leather fish. Remove food from the chest and diaphragm, quench thirst and get rid of trouble. Spit a piece or two while lying down, both raw and cooked. It is suitable for raw food because it is mainly used for diarrhea, intestinal deficiency and heat elimination, and loose wine. " In food processing, it is often used to be processed into jelly, fruit pulp, jam and puree, quince wine, quince essence and health drink. Quince is rich in nutrition, and it has a special flavor when eaten fresh. In Xinjiang, quince is still cultivated in a decentralized way and has not yet formed a production scale. The quince in Xinjiang is mainly distributed in the oasis south of Tianshan Mountain and the edge of Tarim Basin. Shaya, Xinhe and Kuche are the most in Aksu area, and there are also sporadic plants in Korla, Kashgar, Zhou Ke and Hotan. In Artux, it is the most in Upper Artux Township. Quince is a popular fruit, which has made great progress in the above aspects in recent years, accounting for the eleventh place in the total number of fruit trees in Xinjiang, and its development prospect is very broad. Uighurs in Xinjiang call it Biya, and local Han people call it papaya. The real papaya is actually a Rosaceae plant, Begonia. It is a fallacy to call it papaya. In addition to raw food, Uighurs are mainly used as auxiliary materials for grabbing rice and making jam. Quince is also a traditional medicine of Uygur nationality, with unique curative effect and strong local ethnic color.

[Edit this paragraph] Copy

Quince can be propagated by sowing, layering, cutting, branching, grafting and budding. Fruit farmers are used to propagation by dividing plants, and the survival rate is high, but it is not easy to obtain a large number of propagation materials. In recent years, seed propagation and cutting propagation have been adopted. Seeds can blossom and bear fruit in the fourth or fifth year of reproduction; Choosing 2-year-old branches as cuttings, the survival rate of cutting propagation is high, and the fruit begins in the third and fourth years, and the full fruit period can reach 30-45 years. Transplanting should be done after defoliation or before germination. Generally, small seedlings need to stay in the soil, and big seedlings need to bring soil balls. The budding power is still very strong and can be pruned. The main pests are aphids, jujube balls and spider mites.

[Edit this paragraph] Trim

There are two kinds of quince: small trees and shrubs, and different tree shapes should be used for plastic surgery. Small tree, suitable for natural and happy shapes; According to its natural cluster characteristics, the shrub tree can adopt a natural round head shape. The steps and methods of shaping are similar to those of pear trees. After quince is cut short or thinned, the hidden buds near the wound are easy to sprout branchlets. Therefore, when pruning in spring, in addition to retaining new branches for renewal, redundant branches, especially hidden bud branches, should be removed in time, and new buds born in rhizosphere should also be removed. After entering the fruiting branch, pay attention to thinning the old and weak branches in time and choose to keep the strong branches for renewal; After the branches are thinned, the wounds are more difficult to heal than those of apples and pears. Therefore, the branches that need to be updated should be drained as soon as possible, and then drained after avoiding them, resulting in a big wound that cannot heal for a long time, affecting the healthy growth of the whole tree.

[Edit this paragraph] Variety Show

The cultivation of quince has a long history and many varieties have been formed. The main varieties are: apple-shaped quince, pear-shaped quince, stem-tumor-shaped quince, tower-shaped quince and big-leaf quince. There are three varieties and nine types of quince in Xinjiang: early maturity, late maturity, apple shape and pear shape. Quince is a dwarf rootstock of western pear, which has been widely used in various countries. The affinity with China pear is not strong. If Xiyang pear is used as an intermediate stock and grafted with China pear varieties, better dwarfing effect can be achieved.

[Edit this paragraph] Edible

Not suitable for raw food, even if it is cooked, it is hard, like chewing bagasse, and it tastes bad, but it is not only fragrant and tender, but also tastes like tropical fruit. China Xinjiang is rich in warm rice. The local people eat warm boiled water by peeling, coring and cutting into pieces. Put a cup of sugar in the pot and add water for 20 minutes. Sunset magazine in the United States also introduced several ways to eat: cut pears into four or five petals, add syrup, cinnamon powder (cinnamon) and dried clove powder (clove), and stew in a pot with water. Especially refreshing with barbecue, steak, etc. When baking apple pie, add a few thin warm ovens, which can not only have a pleasing rose color, but also have a special taste. Chop, add sugar to make soup, and pour it on potato pancakes (potato pancakes) to eat.

[Edit this paragraph] Medicinal materials

Dried fruit is pear-shaped, hard and usually vertically divided into two halves. The skin is smooth and wrinkle-free, dark red or yellowish brown; The meat is thick, the cross section is granular, and there is no curling. The loose body is light, the diaphragm is yellow-brown, and there are dents on it where seeds fall off. The taste is slightly sour. A few areas are also used as papaya.

[Edit this paragraph] Chemical composition

Mature fruits of a series of foods, drinks and wines contain 10.58% sugar (mainly fructose, accounting for 6.27%), 0.66% tannin, 4.7% protopectin,10.22% organic acids (malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid) and volatile oil. The peel contains heptyl ether and nonyl ether, which has a special smell of fruit. The seed contains 20% mucus, 0.53% amygdalin and 8. 15% fatty oil, including glycerides of myristic acid and isooleic acid. The leaves contain 0.0349% alkaloid, 0.28 1% glucoside, 5./kloc-0 ~ 5.56% gallcatechin, 7.72% mucus, 3.05% ketose, 0.87% aldose, 4.83% lipid and 0/vitamin c _ (kloc). Leaves still contain cyanosides.

[Edit this paragraph] Pharmacological action

Seeds contain a lot of mucus, which can be used with other drugs for external use to reduce irritation and delay absorption. The toxic dose of pectin (4%, dissolved in normal saline) to mice was 65438±0.8g/kg, and they died of visceral circulatory disturbance. When the dosage is 0.03 ~ 0.046 g/kg, the coagulation time of rabbits can be shortened by 50 ~ 80%. The water or alcohol extract of leaves can enhance the heart and respiration of mice without any toxicity. Intravenous injection in cats and rabbits can increase heart rate; It has no obvious effect on autonomic nervous system. Alcohol infusion can lower blood pressure. The contraction of isolated rabbit ear blood vessels inhibits the peristalsis and tension of isolated small intestine.

[Edit this paragraph] Sexual taste

Kaibao materia medica: sweet and sour, slightly warm and nontoxic.

[Edit this paragraph] Function instruction

Quince is an important medicine for promoting qi circulation and promoting digestion in Uygur. Treat vomiting, sour water, indigestion and chest tightness. (1) Haiyao: It is mainly used for diarrhea, intestinal deficiency, upset fever, loose wine, and should be eaten raw. 2 "Japanese Herbal Medicine": Eliminate polydipsia and treat qi. 3 "Kaibao Materia Medica": the main temperature is middle and lower qi, which promotes digestion, removes vinegar and water in the heart, and removes odor. ④ "Illustration of Materia Medica": Treat food accumulation in chest and diaphragm, remove vinegar water, reduce qi and quench thirst. If you want to lie down for one or two, it is suitable to eat raw and cooked.

[Edit this paragraph] Avoid

Edible herbs: heat toxicity, secret large intestine, phlegm accumulation in chest, choking blood vessels, not eating more.

[Edit this paragraph] Seed treatment

Soak the seeds in warm water: soak the seeds in warm water at 50℃ and keep stirring until the warm water becomes cold. Soak the seeds in cold water for 2-3 days and change the water every day. Then take out the quince seeds, mix them with wet sand, accelerate germination at 25-28℃ ... The seeds are exposed and sown in early April. Seed stratification treatment: stratification treatment should be coordinated with sowing date. Generally speaking, stratified treatment lasts about 30-50 days. Autumn sowing does not need layered treatment. The depth of the layered treatment pit is 1 m, and the bottom of the pit is paved with 10cm wet sand. Soak the seeds in clean water for 12 hours, mix the seeds with wet sand 1:3-5, and spread the wet sand with 10cm soil. In order to prevent the seeds from moldy, use corn straw or sunflower straw (1-3) for ventilation. Check it regularly and sow it when it germinates in spring.

[Edit this paragraph] Huayu

Flower language: Seduce flower divination: You are a natural leader with extraordinary ability and aboveboard personality. You are unprepared for people, so you are tempted? There are not many things, but your ability to improvise has got rid of many unnecessary entanglements. You will bring good luck to your children and grandchildren. Hua Yan: Don't worry about something. Think twice before you act is a good policy to protect yourself.