1. When will the peony blossom?
Peony usually blooms in April-May, the flowering period is in May and the fruiting period is in June. If you want to see peony flowers, don't miss the time.
Second, peony flowers
1, single valve type: 2-3 valves, 10- 15 valves, wide and flat. This flower pattern is represented by varieties such as "Pomegranate Red" and "Fengdanbai".
2. Lotus type: 4-5 rounds of 20-25 petals, with wide petals, similar shapes and sizes, and clear arrangement. This flower pattern is represented by "lotus shape", "Jinyun red" and "jade half white".
3. Crown type: the lateral petals are 2-5 rounds, wide and flat, most or all of the stamens are divided into fine wrinkled petals, and the petals are close and towering, resembling a crown.
4. Hydrangea type: the stamens are completely petaled, the inner and outer petals are similar in shape and size, crowded and convex, spherical, and the pistil is basically or completely degenerated or petaled.
5. Chrysanthemum-shaped: The petals have more than 6 rounds, which are similar in shape, neatly arranged and distinct in layers, gradually decreasing from outside to inside, and occasionally petaloid.
6. Rose-shaped: the petals are round, the petals gradually become smaller from outside to inside, some stamens become normal petals, and the pistil degenerates into smaller or petal-shaped.
7. Thousand-layer terrace type: there are more than four petals below, which are arranged neatly and have similar shapes, and there are no stamens and staminodes between petals.
Third, the mode of reproduction
The propagation methods of peony are branching, grafting and sowing, but most of them are branching grafting, and sowing methods are mostly used to cultivate new varieties.
Factory division
The ramet propagation of Paeonia suffruticosa was widely used in Ming Dynasty. The specific method is as follows: Dig out the big peony that grows luxuriantly and separate it from the joint of root texture. The number of molecular plants per plant depends on the size of the original plant, with more large plants and less small plants. Generally, every 3-4 branches are a daughter plant, and the root system is relatively complete. Add a little sulfur powder and mud. Rub evenly on the root wound, and then plant separately. The time of ramet propagation is from the autumnal equinox to the first frost every year, and it is better to carry out it at a suitable time. At this time, the temperature and ground temperature are high, and the peony is in a semi-dormant state, but it still has a long vegetative growth period. The effect of ramet culture on root growth is not serious, and some new roots and a few buds can be produced after ramet culture. If the ramets are planted too late, the roots will grow weakly in that year, or new roots will not appear. In the next spring, plants will develop weaker, weak roots will not tolerate drought and will die easily. If the ramets are divided too early, the air temperature and ground temperature are high, they can grow rapidly and easily cause autumn hair.
The mother plant of peony ramet is usually a robust cluster. In ramet propagation, roots and tillers should be kept on the mother plant as far as possible, and all the roots on the new seedlings should be kept, so that more new seedlings can be prepared after 5 years of growth. This kind of plant is easy to survive and grow vigorously after planting. The more roots are left, the more vigorous they grow.
transplant
Grafting propagation of peony can be divided into two types according to the different rootstocks used. One is wild peony; One is to use peony roots. The commonly used grafting methods of peony mainly include embedding method, abdominal grafting method and bud grafting method.
The grafting method takes the root of Paeonia lactiflora as the rootstock, because the root of Paeonia lactiflora is moderate in hardness, easy to graft, short in thickness and rich in nutrition, and grows vigorously in the early stage after grafting. If peony roots are grafted, the xylem is hard and difficult to graft, but the life span is longer. Generally, the best grafting time is from late September of 10 to early October of 10. Its rhizome is a stout peony root, with a diameter of 2-3 cm and a length of 10- 15 cm.
Abdominal grafting is a variety improvement method of high grafting and head changing. It uses many branches of inferior peony or 8- 10-year-old medicinal peony to graft into excellent varieties of different colors. The grafting time is from early July to mid-August. Firstly, peony plants with excellent varieties, strong plants and no pests and diseases are selected, and soil bud branches or short branches with a length of 5-7 cm are cut off from the ground, preferably 2-3 strong buds in the same year are used as scions. Leave a petiole on the scion. After the scion is selected, a knife is obliquely cut on the back of the bud under the scion to form a horse ear shape, and then it is obliquely cut into a wedge shape on the other side of the horse ear shape, so that both sides can touch the cambium tissue between xylem and phloem after grafting, and it is easy to survive. Before and after abdominal grafting of Paeonia suffruticosa, proper humidity for normal growth of the plant should be maintained except for no irrigation in rainy season. Bud grafting is an effective method for breeding peony with multiple varieties and colors.
Bud grafting is carried out in May-July. Sunny days are more suitable for grafting. There are two methods: sticking skin and changing buds. The skin sticking method is to cut a rectangular or shield-shaped incision on the annual branch of the rootstock together with the xylem, and then cut the axillary buds of the scion together with the xylem into bud blocks with the same size and shape as the rootstock. But the button quickly sticks the bud block to the cut of the rootstock and ties it tightly with plastic rope. The bud-changing method is to remove the axillary bud of the grafted part of the rootstock together with the cambium, and keep the complete bud embryo on the xylem, then peel off the axillary bud of the reverse scion in the same way, quickly cover it on the bud embryo of the rootstock, pay attention to the coincidence of the two, and finally tie it tightly with plastic rope. The grafted plants should be watered, loosened and fertilized in time to promote their healing.
Cutting propagation method
Cutting propagation is a method of propagating new plants by using adventitious roots of peony branches, which belongs to one of asexual propagation methods. The method is to cut the cuttings, separate them from the mother plant, and then insert them into soil or other substrates to make them take root and become new plants. Branches with native soil buds should be selected from the roots of peony for cutting propagation, or branches with full stems, full terminal buds and no pests and diseases should be selected as spikes when pruning peony, and the length is 10- 18 cm. The roots of peony are fleshy roots, which like high dryness, avoid dampness and tolerate drought. Therefore, the nursery bed should be ventilated and sunny, and a high bed should be built to raise seedlings. When cutting, pour one edge after cutting and pour it thoroughly at one time.
sow seeds
Sowing propagation is a sexual propagation method by breeding offspring or cultivating new varieties from seeds. Before sowing, the soil must be carefully sorted and disinfected, and the land should be deeply cultivated and fully fertilized. Then build a small border with a width of 70-80 cm, which can be planted in holes or rows. Don't sow too deep, take 3-4 cm as the degree. After sowing, the soil should be flush with the main surface. Then gently stabilize the soil and water it.
floor
Peony layering method is a method of propagation based on the principle that branches can produce adventitious roots. Branches are crushed or buried in the soil, and the soil remains moist. Technical branches take root in the buried place, and then they are cut and planted into new plants, which is also an asexual propagation method of peony. This method mainly includes: casing pots, raising soil and layering, and double leveling.
tissue culture
Tissue culture and propagation of plants are based on the totipotency of plant tissues and cells. The embryos, flower buds, shoot tips, tender leaves and petioles of Paeonia suffruticosa are all cultured in vitro. Generally, these materials are soaked in 75% spray water for 5- 10 minute, immediately washed with sterile water, then soaked in 5% antifungal agent solution for 7- 10 minute for surface sterilization, washed with sterile water for 3-4 times, and finally put on culture medium for sterile culture. The basic culture medium is MS, and other additives mainly include: indolcaproic acid, naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, gibberellin, hydrolyzed protein, etc.