1. A foundation-the comprehensive quality of culture and art and the technical basis of bonsai production.

2. Four stages:

① Creation preparation: potted materials and tools, soil, pots, etc.

(2) Intention: from the creative motivation to the image birth of the future complete works. This concept is based on the principle of "adaptive materials". Looking for "viewing surface", we should pay attention to the requirement of viewing surface from the root plate to the top of the trunk, and its stretching posture and development trend can play a decisive role. Followed by the left and right branches. For example, pay attention to the abdomen of the trunk when creating, so as to form a space before and a depth after: the tip of the trunk leans forward to form a cordial and harmonious meaning.

(3) Processing: Following the artistic expression of the series of bonsai, hanging, cutting, carving and other gardening technical measures are carried out to complete the specific processing and production procedures. First the trunk, then the branches. The shape of the branches should be from bottom to top, and finally the flowerpot.

④ Maintenance and perfection: Maintenance is the continuation of tree bonsai modeling, and it is a stage of improvement. Bonsai is a living work of art that can never be completed.

Second, the creative characteristics of pine bonsai

1. Pine bonsai should create a grand and masculine performance.

2. According to the ecological and physiological characteristics of pine trees, it is decided that only the original branches can be used for hanging modeling to reflect the natural posture of overlapping branches.

3. Pine trees like sunshine and are drought-tolerant, so soil with good drainage and ventilation and purple sand shallow pots should be selected.

Thirdly, the modeling time of transplanting pine bonsai materials.

The best transplanting time of pine bonsai materials is from August to early September and from January to early February in the lunar calendar.

The best time for pine bonsai modeling: December to early February of the lunar calendar.

4. Roots, stems and branches are the skeleton structure of bonsai trees.

Modeling refers to the reorganization of the skeleton structure of roots, stems and branches of materials according to the artistic law of bonsai beauty, making it a living bonsai art work with complete coordination, smooth lines and far-reaching artistic conception.

The main contents of reorganization are: weighing, adjusting and revising.

1. Trunk processing

The posture of trees in nature is ever-changing, mostly because the growth environment of trees is different, which leads to the change of trunk posture, so the treatment of trunk is the key to the modeling of tree bonsai. Although there are many kinds of trunks in nature, there are only two basic forms: straight trunks and curved trunks. The bent stem can be deformed in an "S" shape, which can be divided into several bonsai forms, such as inclined stem type, bent stem type and cliff type.

Requirements for trunk:

(1) Whether it is curved or straight, the trunk is required to change from bottom to top and gradually narrow. The change speed is fast, and short and solid bonsai can be made; The change speed is slow, and it can be made into a "literati tree" bonsai.

(2) In addition to the straight trunk, the trunk lines are required to stretch naturally and bend properly.

(3) If it is dry material, besides the above two points, we should also pay attention to the changes of trunk height, primary and secondary, density and dispersion.

Processing method of trunk:

① Truncation: The material of tree bonsai is constantly changing from the base to the top of the trunk, such as the thickness and straightness of the trunk, the position of branches on the trunk, the texture and color of bark, etc. Where the upper part of the trunk is considered to be lack of change or common, it will be cut off; If you feel that the height of the reserved section is not enough, in order to achieve perfect coordination, the highest branch should be erected instead of the top.

(2) Using simple machinery to correct the stretching posture of the trunk, making it shorter or making the trunk lines more vigorous and vivid. Straight is a gift, as long as the main line meets the requirements of bonsai beauty and gives full play to its characteristics, it may become a masterpiece.

(3) The trunk shape of small bonsai is generally appropriately curved to reflect the vigorous curve.

Step 2: Branching therapy

The treatment of branches embodies the specific content of bonsai modeling selection, adjustment and correction.

(1) branch selection: the most concerned issues are the elimination of branches, the ideal position of the first branch of the trunk, the length of branches, the density of branches, the changes of branches, the composition of the crown, the description of the outer contour of the crown, and so on.

Generally speaking, the thickness of the branch should be about 1/4 of the thickness of the trunk at the branch. The length of the branches in the direct painting works is much shorter than the height of the main thousand; The length of branches in banner pictures may exceed the height of trunk.

The first branch should be about 0/3 or 2/3 of the height of 65438+ trunk. The branches of pine bonsai should be slightly higher to reflect its tall and straight style, but it is not suitable to branch around 1/2 of the trunk height.

The distance between the first branch and its previous branch is the largest to show that it highlights the main branch. The higher the development, the denser the branch spacing, so as to make the crown full, and pay attention to prevent the phenomenon of "neck exposure". The choice of branches is strictly controlled at the lower part and loose at the upper part.

The first branch is the longest branch of the whole tree, which develops upward in turn and gradually becomes thinner and shorter. So as to form an equilateral triangle with a crown. As far as the overall treatment of branches is concerned, there are changes in front and back, length and density, so the outer line of the crown should be a free curve with ups and downs, in and out, rhythmic rhythm and light music.

Branches that should be avoided in modeling generally include threaded branches, symmetrical branches, upright branches, inward branches, short-distance parallel branches, cross branches, straight front branches, straight back branches and cutting branches. The processing method of these branches is to adjust their extension direction and delete them directly.

(2) Adjustment of branch growth direction. There are up-and-down adjustments and back-and-forth adjustments.

The growth direction of natural branches varies with tree species, tree age and growth environment. Generally speaking, there are the following different forms: upward extension, expansion, drooping and radial.

The branches of pine and cypress bonsai should be stretched and drooped, and the angle of stretching or drooping is generally 45. Between 0 and 900, the included angle between the branches and trunk of the same tree is generally controlled in this way, which should not be changed at will. For miscellaneous trees, it varies from tree to tree, and it can be relaxed appropriately, allowing "miscellaneous evening, some."

There are adjustment ranges of branches before and after. Generally, it is more appropriate to make small-angle adjustment only on one plane, so that the branches have a natural stretch, simple and generous aesthetic feeling.

(3) Correcting the branch extension posture

"Combining rigidity with flexibility" is the basic requirement of the branch's extension posture, which refers to the posture change of a branch, and it should have two different segments, namely rigidity and flexibility. If these line segments with different properties are decomposed, they are nothing more than straight lines and arcs, and there are hard angles and soft angles intersecting, and straight lines and arcs can be divided into various line segments with different lengths and thicknesses. We should organize the above-mentioned line segments with different properties in a branch, and let them develop slightly irregularly on the premise of natural stretching and moderate coordination. This is the ideal posture that meets the requirements of bonsai art.

In branch modeling, we should try to avoid simple and monotonous repetitive gestures such as waves, sawtooth, straight line and arc.

With the development of branches, branches are gradually formed. The shape of the branches should not be too strict and standardized, and the requirements should be slightly natural and loose. The size and shape of the film depend on the conditions of the branches themselves and the relationship between them, so as to achieve tacit cooperation and moderate coordination. Each branch must have a main branch running through it. Large branches are also allowed to have many branches, forming a lively and real posture with branches in the branches and pieces in the film.

3. Root treatment

Roots are the basis for the survival of trees, the important ornamental parts of bonsai trees, and the embodiment of the integrity of works, which can not be ignored.

It is very important to use the word "root disk" to describe the group nature and structure of tree roots. The main function of root disk is to support the whole tree firmly, and it has the function of absorbing and storing nutrients.

The ideal root disk must be:

There are roots in all directions, and there are relatively strong root groups on the left and right sides of the root disk, which shows that it is stable and firm.

(2) After the roots extend from the root disk, there must be one or two branches, so that they are vigorous and have a sense of the times. It is also required that its posture should have a sense of change and fluency to avoid being stiff, overlapping and crossing.

(3) The root disk is closely attached to the soil surface, and the extension of the root should be smooth, and there should be no high and low strewn at random, so as to be powerful.

(4) The root disc must be raised on the soil surface with soil and exposed to sunlight to ensure that the cortex of the root is aged and unified with the surface of the trunk bark.

The treatment of roots must also be balanced, adjusted and revised to achieve an ideal root disk structure.

Because of the different shapes of pine bonsai, there are different requirements for the distribution of root system. Here, great attention is paid to the use of artistic expressions such as balance and concealment.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) maintenance and perfection

Conservation management is the continuation of tree bonsai modeling and the stage of maintenance and improvement of works. As short as two or three years, as long as ten or twenty years or even longer. Its main contents include pot soil preparation, fertilizer application, water control, site selection, plastic transfer, pot change, pest control and so on. Among them, plastic surgery and homework are directly related to the shaping of the image of the work, while others promote the perfection of the work from the perspective of the healthy growth of tree bonsai.