Which art schools and designers had a greater influence on the production of modern posters (1866-1918)? The industrialization brought about by the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 17th century, such as the Impressionist Jules, greatly reduced the cost of printing graphic materials and production, and poster advertising also entered a developed period from its initial period. As advertisements for various types of goods, posters have played an unprecedented role in promoting goods, promoting production, improving the quality of life, and popularizing education and scientific and technological knowledge. At the same time, the era in which printers have both graphic designer skills and production skills has been brought about by mechanization. The division of labor was broken, and poster design became an independent creative profession. In the 18th century, many new fonts suitable for poster printing were produced, such as Egyptian, Ionian, Perspective, Clarendon, Rascan, Dorian, Gothic, Pearlite, etc. in the proportion of fonts , weight and aesthetics are improved. In addition to fonts, symbol systems from hundreds of disciplines have appeared, including numbers, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, military and other aspects, laying the foundation for new language forms for the production of modern posters. In the 19th century, with the emergence of cast iron printing presses, steam-powered printing presses, and paper machines, high-speed printing replaced the manual printing of Gutenberg's era. Paper produced by machines eliminated hand-made paper, improving the efficiency of poster printing. Around 30. Subsequently, the emergence of photography and color lithography technology made posters the main medium of mass communication, and a large number of outstanding artists also began to design posters and advertisements. In 1866, French Jules Cheret (1836-1932) produced the first color lithographic poster in his own printing house in Paris, symbolizing the emergence of modern poster advertising. Sherrett created more than 1,000 posters from 1866 to the end of the 19th century, with themes ranging from drama to kerosene to movie stars, modern beauties, etc., covering almost everything. In 1889, he won the gold medal at the International Poster Exhibition and the French government awarded him the Legion of Honor. After his death, the city of Nice opened the "Sherette Exhibition Hall" to collect his works. He was hailed by future generations as the "Father of Modern Posters." In 1881, the French government promulgated new regulations to encourage freedom of the press, turning French streets into a sea of ??posters, which were appreciated as works of art. At that time, as the main figures of the French New Art Movement: Sherrett, Grasset, Lautrec, Stalin, Macha and others created many extremely influential posters, and their achievements in poster design were also outstanding. Raising their profile as painters of the New Art Movement. Especially Lautrec, whose posters were recognized as world-class works of art at the time. As a poster advertisement created by the painters of the New Art Movement, there is a dramatic poster titled "The Lady in White" created by Walker in the UK, which once caused a sensation in the entire London poster design community. Beardsley, another master of British Art Nouveau poster design, brought a strong and long-lasting influence to posters in Europe and the United States with his exquisite and delicate illustrations in the form of linear decoration. The representative figures of American Art Nouveau poster advertising design are Layard and Bradley. The former was influenced by the Victorian style, Arts and Crafts movement style and abstract design style, while the latter was influenced by British design. Which countries have very strong styles in poster design? Poland, Cuba and China are three countries that receive national attention in poster design, with strong styles and far-reaching influence. 1. Polish poster art has won widespread praise from people around the world for its unconstrained creativity, pure and powerful expressions and vivid colors, and occupies a very important position in modern poster art in Europe and even the world. The Second World War caused great trauma to Poland, and social, economic and cultural activities were almost at a standstill. After the war, Poland joined the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union, and its domestic design also served the country's public facilities and cultural industries under the overall management of the government. The Polish government attaches great importance to the important role of design (mainly posters) in national development. In 1964, Poland held the first "Warsaw International Poster Biennial" (The Warsaw International Poster Biennial), which continues to this day and has become one of the most authoritative design exhibitions in the field of poster design in the world. Each exhibition will choose a global social issue as the theme of creation. Excellent works from all over the world are brought together here, attracting thousands of visitors. In addition, the Polish government also established the world's first poster museum, the Muzeum of Plakatu, in 1968, becoming the world's first academic primary and secondary school dedicated to displaying and collecting poster art. It is evident that Poland attaches great importance to poster design. The Polish people's national desire to oppose the war and yearn for freedom was also well reflected in the posters in the 10 years after the war. In Polish posters, we can see the shadow of various modern art styles that were popular in Europe. Designers drew nutrients from artistic styles such as Cubism, Expressionism, and Surrealism to form a style with national characteristics but very different styles. Poster art. They have great enthusiasm for posters and devote themselves to poster design with a strong sense of national consciousness and moral responsibility, creating a large number of excellent works in various fields of design.

The unique creativity, diversified forms and the values ??behind the poster culture have jointly shaped the unique charm of Polish posters. Main design masters: Henryk Tomaszewski (1914-2005), Tadeusz Trepkowski (1914-1956), Jan Lenica (1928-2001) and Roman ·Ciesiewicz (RomanCiesiewicz, 1930-1996). 2. Cuba established a revolutionary government in 1959 under the leadership of Fidel Castro and embarked on the path of socialism. Two years later, Castro published "Words to Intellectuals" and mentioned Cuba's literary and artistic principles and stance as a socialist country, that is, it must serve proletarian politics and serve the people as its purpose, and oppose all counter-revolution and anti-regime. creation; under socialist ideology, artists enjoy maximum freedom in their literary and artistic creations. In addition, in terms of the treatment of literary and artistic workers, the Cuban government has implemented a civil service system. Designers work as civil servants in the government and receive a salary and the materials and tools they need to create art. Stable working conditions allow designers to work on designs in a more relaxed state. Driven by such politics, Cuba has produced many talented designers who have created countless high-level works in a variety of forms and languages, making Cuban poster art a wonder in the history of world graphic design. Cuban politicians and leaders attach great importance to the role of posters in consolidating their power, establishing the government's image, and fighting against U.S. hegemony. In addition to straightforward political propaganda posters, there are also many movie and drama posters with strong revolutionary struggles. No artistic style had previously dominated Cuban posters; the needs of the revolution stimulated its development and spread. The designer absorbed the international modern visual language when creating, drawing on design ideas such as Pop Art, Op Art, psychedelism and the American "Pushpin School" style, and integrating it with Cuban folk art forms to express a desire for freedom. With great concern for peace and class struggle, Cuban Posters were born. Major design masters: Raul Martinez, Felix Beltran and Alfredo Rostgaard. Among many images, Marxist revolutionary and Cuban guerrilla leader Che Guevara became a heroic symbol of the revolutionary movement in the Third World. There are also many posters based on his image, the most influential of which is "Day of the Heroic Guerlla" (Day of the Heroic Guerlla) designed by Elena Serrano in 1968. The work uses the map of South America as the background, and in the center is a portrait of Che Guevara taken by Alberto Korda. In the picture, he is wearing a beret, and his strong and resolute face is slightly raised. With this red portrait as the center and radiating outwards, it highlights the intensity of the revolutionary struggle and the rapid spread of the revolutionary wave. The image radiated huge energy and became an important visual symbol in the student movement and wider political protests, spreading widely around the world. 3. Ha Qiongwen (1925-2012) is one of the most famous propaganda poster artists in China in the last century. His propaganda posters intuitively reflect the various policies of the political and economic movements of our party and country in different periods, and also reflect his painting style and artistic exploration during these periods. Ha Qiongwen's most well-known propaganda posters include "Long Live Chairman Mao", "U.S. Imperialism Get Out of South Vietnam", "Achieve Best Results with the Best Spirit", etc. He keeps up with the times and creates popular propaganda posters. After the founding of New China, a large number of artists specialized in the creation of propaganda posters emerged. Artists extracted materials from large and small events and movements after the founding of the People's Republic of China, making the propaganda posters during this period rich and colorful in subject matter, content, form and style. Among the propaganda poster artists at that time, many were specialized in the creation of political propaganda posters. They used vivid and intuitive visual images to publicize every policy, principle, measure or political movement of the party and the country to the people of all ethnic groups across the country. , meaning, in order to guide the thinking of the broad masses of the people and inspire the people's revolutionary fighting spirit. Ha Qiongwen is an outstanding representative among them. In works such as "All China Must Be Liberated" and "Celebrating National Day", Ha Qiongwen used solid brushstrokes to create a resolute image of a soldier. The works "Be a Red Seed" and "Learn the Spirit of Daqing" depict the pursuit of high-speed industrial and agricultural production and construction at that time. The propaganda poster "Long Live Chairman Mao" created for the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China is probably Ha Qiongwen's most famous work. Once it was published, it became a sensation and became well-known throughout the country. It was reprinted one edition and has a print run of more than 2 million. open. Other works include "Remembering Lu Xun and Learning from Lu Xun", "The Sound of the Qin is Loud and Singing for Reform, Revitalizing Shanghai and Prospering the Motherland", etc. As a silent visual art, propaganda posters once appeared on urban streets, rural houses, and on both sides of the road. They accompanied hundreds of millions of people in New China to actively participate in those passionate years.

The group of Chinese propaganda poster masters represented by Ha Qiongwen created propaganda posters with distinctive themes, deep emotions, and distinctive characteristics, making Chinese propaganda posters an indispensable color in the history of world visual design. . What types of posters are there? There may be dozens or hundreds of types of posters, large and small, so I won’t explain them one by one today. I will select a few common poster types to share with you! 1. Commercial posters: Refers to commercial advertising posters used to promote goods or commercial services. For example, posting advertisements, flyers, etc. all fall into this category. 2. Movie poster: refers to a form of poster launched before the movie is released to introduce or promote the movie. It is more of a publicity and momentum building to attract more viewers and attract greater attention. 3. Recruitment posters: refers to the recruitment behavior of employing companies, institutions or individuals in order to strengthen their own careers and obtain more benefits.

The above three are the most common and commonly used poster types. I hope they can be helpful to everyone!