Fertilization techniques for high quality and high yield grapes 1. Nutritional characteristics of grapes: nitrogen is absorbed by various organs of grapes, with leaves being the most, followed by fruits; Fruit absorbs most phosphorus, followed by leaves; The absorption of potassium by fruit accounts for more than 70% of the whole plant at most. The order of absorptive capacity is K2O>；; N> phosphorus pentoxide. It can be seen that potassium fertilizer plays an important role in the ripening process of grape berries. Second, the relationship between grape root characteristics and fertilization. The trunk roots of grapes mainly transport nutrients and water, and are also important places for nutrient storage, and their storage capacity can account for 70%-85% of all nutrients in the tree. The growth of grape roots has two peaks in a year. The first peak is in May-June, and the second peak is in September -65438+ 10. This characteristic is often used in production to apply base fertilizer in late autumn to promote the growth and development of roots. The most suitable soil for grape root growth is fertile and soft sandy loam, and the PH is required to be between 5-8, and the most suitable is PH6-7. When the PH value is between 4 and 5.5, lime and organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the PH value. When the pH of saline-alkali soil or calcareous soil is 8.3-8.7, yellow leaf disease occurs due to lack of trace elements, so gypsum and organic fertilizer should be applied to improve it. Grape roots also have certain requirements for soil moisture, and 60-70% field water capacity is the most suitable. Too little or too much water will affect the yield, quality and diseases of grapes. 3. The conventional fertilization method for high-yield grapes is calculated according to the amount of nutrients absorbed from the soil per1800-2,000 kg of fruit: N: 0.3-0.55 kg, P2O5: 0. 13-0.28 kg, K2O: 0.28-0.64 kg, and the grape yield per mu is per year. n: 10- 15kg； P2O5: 8-10kg, p2o 5:8- 10/5-20kg. Annual application of ring fertilizer100-120kg or 25-40kg of poultry manure per plant. Quick-acting fertilizer 1-2kg. Four. Application method of fertilizer 1 in Tian Yun. Apply 400-600 kg of 7.5% powder to each mu of fruit trees or 10- 12 kg per plant per year. For young trees, the consumption is halved. From February to June, the amount of base fertilizer was 65,438+1October: 4-5kg of powder fertilizer was used for each plant, and the first topdressing in April was10-0/5 days before flowering, and the topdressing per plant was1-2 kg; The second topdressing is in May-June, and the topdressing is 4-6 kg per plant during the fruit expansion period. 3. Application method: Dig a disc-shaped ditch or square hole with a depth of 40-60cm, apply fertilizer according to the amount, then pour enough water, and then cover it with soil to keep moisture. Be careful not to mix it with bactericidal pesticides. V. Comparison of Fertilization Cost and Fertilizer Efficiency The cost per mu of conventional high-yield fertilization is 706 (excluding labor costs). The cost of chemical fertilizer per mu is 600 yuan (excluding about 40% of pesticide saving cost). The cost of fertilization per plant is lower than that of poultry manure 9 yuan per plant, which is equivalent to saving 450-500 yuan of chemical fertilizer per mu. Through the grape experiment in Jiang Xinzhou this year, the grape growth in the fertilization area showed the characteristics of drought resistance, disease resistance and balanced nutrition. Balcony fertilization can be referenced.