2. Chemical control technology is applied to spray shaping to dwarf trees. In summer, during the vigorous growth period of potted fruit trees, plant growth retardants (such as chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol) should be sprayed on the leaves for 2-3 times, which can make branches stout, internodes shorter and plants shorter. In addition, the measures to promote the dwarfing and pruning of flowers mainly include: wiping buds, removing cores, taking branches, bending branches, ring cutting, retracting and renewing.
3. Pull branches, etc. Through the angles of open branches, sparse branches, dense branches and invalid branches, the illumination is enhanced and the ideal tree shape is obtained.
4. Flower and fruit management When the number of flower buds of fruit trees is large, flowers should be thinned during the pregnancy of flower buds, and fruits should be thinned after the physiological fruit drop period; If there are few buds, you can leave more flowers and pollinate artificially at the same time.
Under the condition of meeting the above conditions, the potted method of orange trees is as follows:
First, select a container.
The container of potted fruit trees is mainly round, which is beneficial to the uniform stretching of the surrounding roots. At the same time, the container needs water seepage and good air permeability to ensure the oxygen demand for root growth and prevent root rot due to water accumulation in the container.
Among all kinds of containers, the plain pot is the most suitable for planting fruit trees. When using containers made of other materials, in order to overcome the shortcomings of poor air permeability, coarse sand with a thickness of 5 cm can be laid at the bottom of the basin, and a new layer of tiles can be placed along the inner wall, and then trees can be planted by filling the soil.
Second, the management of soil, fertilizer and water.
1, basin soil preparation
Potted soil suitable for fruit tree growth is generally neutral (PH 4.5-7.5), sandy loam or sandy soil rich in humus. During preparation, 4 parts of mature pastoral soil, 2 parts of river sand and 1 part of plant ash are fully and evenly mixed, ground and sieved. The culture soil should be disinfected before use, such as cooking disinfection, baking disinfection or drug disinfection (spraying 1.5% formalin).
2. Fertilizer and water management
Because the root system of fruit trees can only absorb nutrients from the pot, the organic fertilizer in the pot alone can not meet the needs of the growth and development of fruit trees, so we should pay attention to fertilizer and water management during the growth period. Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer should be applied reasonably. The decomposed organic fertilizer should be mixed well when it is put into the pot. Before germination, apply available nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer, and water each plant about 1 kg to promote orderly germination and flowering; Topdressing outside the roots at the fruit-setting stage after flowering, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea once every 15 days, and spraying twice continuously to promote the expansion of young fruits and the growth of new shoots. Topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 20-30 days before fruit harvesting, applying 40-60 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each pot, and then watering, can increase fruit size and improve quality. After the fruit is harvested, apply ternary compound fertilizer and water it. Apply decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer as base fertilizer before falling leaves of fruit trees in autumn. Watering should be strictly controlled during dormancy, and the soil in the basin should not be too dry.
Step 3 pour the basin
Because the nutrients in the pot soil are absorbed by fruit trees or washed away by frequent watering, it is necessary to pour the pot in time and replace it with new nutrient soil every 2-3 years. After the soil is turned upside down, the old roots with a thickness of 2-3 cm around the pot soil are cut off, the organic fertilizer and nutrient soil are evenly mixed to fill the bottom, then the soil is brought into the pot, the surrounding soil is filled with fertile soil, and water is poured once.
Third, crown control and plastic surgery
1, tree shape Select the tree shape of potted fruit trees. According to the different requirements of fruit tree types and varieties, such as vertical and drooping, imaginative trees can be shaped, such as natural round head, tower, one cliff, two antlers, three cups, weeping willows and dragon curves. Make it not only beneficial to the result, but also have aesthetic effect and improve its ornamental value.
2. Chemical control technology is applied to spray shaping to dwarf trees. In summer, during the vigorous growth period of potted fruit trees, plant growth retardants (such as chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol) should be sprayed on the leaves for 2-3 times, which can make branches stout, internodes shorter and plants shorter. In addition, the measures to promote the dwarfing and pruning of flowers mainly include: wiping buds, removing cores, taking branches, bending branches, ring cutting, retracting, renewing and pulling branches. Through the angles of open branches and sparse branches, dense branches and invalid branches, the illumination is enhanced and the ideal tree shape is obtained.
Fourth, flower and fruit management.
When the number of flower buds in fruit trees is large, flowers should be thinned during the pregnancy and fruits should be thinned after the physiological fruit drop period; If the number of buds is small, you can leave more flowers. At the same time, artificial pollination is needed.
Five, the cold winter
In the case of no freezing injury in winter, it is generally not allowed to overwinter indoors, and it is allowed to overwinter outdoors naturally. In order to prevent freezing injury, you can water the soil once before freezing, and then wrap the whole container with straw bags to prevent cold, or you can bury it in a ditch.
Six, pest control
Potted soil is required to be "loose, light and fat", which is generally composed of garden soil, fine sand, sawdust or broken straw in proportion, and then mixed with appropriate amount of chicken manure, cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer and trace elements. After fermentation and decomposition, the pH value of potted soil is 5.5 ~ 7 (the pH value should be adjusted according to different tree species). tighten up the management
1 Light-controlled citrus, bergamot, four-season citrus, hawksbill and pomegranate are all light-temperature fruit trees. Potted trees must be placed in a well-lit and well-ventilated place to promote the elongation of plant growth points, form high-quality flower buds and improve the fruit setting rate. Bergamot, Four Seasons Orange, Fruit Orange and Fruit Kumquat have poor cold tolerance, so they must be put into plastic greenhouses for the winter. When the temperature reaches above 35℃ in summer, cover the sunshade net and spray water from 9: 00 am to 4: 00 pm to cool down, otherwise it will easily cause young fruits to fall off.
2. According to the design, various shapes, such as bent stem, bent branch, round branch, cylinder, inclined stem, double stem, fan-shaped, vertical branch, etc. , used to enhance aesthetic feeling and promote the growth and fruiting of potted trees.
Fertilizer and water management (1) watering. Different fruit trees have different requirements on the pH value of water, generally 6.5 ~ 7 is appropriate, and ferrous sulfate can be used to correct it. The temperature difference between water temperature and soil should not exceed 5℃. Watering in the growing season should be carried out before 10 in the morning or after 4 pm. Water it every day on sunny days in summer 1 time. If the soil is dry, water 1 time on the same day. Water 1 time every day in spring and autumn, and water 1 time every 2 ~ 5 days in early spring and late autumn; Control watering in winter. (2) fertilization. Because there are trees, one day, and thin soil, we should be diligent. Trees with strong fertilizer tolerance, large growth and many fruits should be fertilized more, otherwise they should be fertilized less; No fertilization during dormancy; Fertilize more when the fertilizer content in the pot soil is low or the pot turning time is long, and fertilize less when the fertilizer content in the pot soil is high.