Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China, which has been cultivated for thousands of years. Because of its characteristics of greening, beautification and fragrance, it has been an excellent landscaping tree species since ancient times. The standardized production of single-stem seedlings of osmanthus fragrans has been widely used in nurseries in Huangchuan County, Henan Province, and a set of effective production and cultivation methods have been summarized.

1. Osmanthus fragrans blooms 5438+00 from September to June, and the fruit matures from late March to late April of the following year. When the fruit enters maturity and the peel gradually changes from green to purple-black, it can be harvested. The collected fruits are piled and retted for about 3 days. After the peel becomes soft, wash it with water, remove the peel and pulp to get clean seeds, dry them a little, and moisten them with sand. Because osmanthus seeds have a post-ripening period, wet sofa buds usually take 8 months.

2. Seeding and seedling raising methods are commonly used. A large number of osmanthus fragrans seedlings can be obtained by sowing seedlings. The seedlings have strong growth, developed roots, strong vitality and long life, especially the trunk is developed, which is suitable for street trees or shade trees. In Huangchuan, Henan, this method is often used to cultivate single-dried osmanthus seedlings. Sowing is usually carried out in wide rows, with a row spacing of 20 to 25 cm and a width of 65,438+00 to 65,438+02 cm. Sow 20 Jin per mu, and there are 25,000 to 30,000 osmanthus seedlings per mu. Before sowing, the umbilical cord should be oriented to one side, covered with one or two centimeters of fine soil, covered with a thin layer of straw, and sprayed with water until the soil is soaked to prevent soil hardening and reduce water evaporation. After the seeds germinate, uncover the grass cover in time and put the grass between rows, which can not only keep the soil moist, but also prevent the weeds from growing.

3. Maintenance technology

(1) Tillage and Weeding At present, most nurseries still use manual tillage and weeding. Tree tray with trunk as the center and diameter of 1 m, with emphasis on loosening soil and weeding. Mechanical intertillage with small tractors. Generally, mechanical intertillage can be used to weed in large seedling areas with row spacing 1 m or more. The small seedling area can be carried out two or three times a month. In addition, after irrigation or rainfall, in order to prevent soil hardening, intertillage should be carried out to loosen the soil to facilitate the growth of seedlings.

(2) Water content and water content of drained osmanthus fragrans mainly occurred within one month after new planting and in the summer of that year. The newly planted osmanthus must be watered, and it can be watered in time according to the weather and site conditions. Conditionally spray water on the crown of the plant to maintain a certain air humidity and reduce the evaporation of water from the seedlings. In addition, in order to promote the early flowering of osmanthus fragrans, in mid-September, when the flower buds begin to germinate, appropriate amount of water should be used to keep the soil moist. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings do not need a lot of watering during normal maintenance, but can be properly watered in particularly dry summer and autumn. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, and poor drainage will cause a lot of fallen leaves, root rot and even death. Drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants in time and planting with a certain amount of sand can promote the growth of new roots.

(3) Rational fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and frequent application, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and large and medium-sized seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, before the buds begin to swell, the roots begin to move and absorb fertilizer. Therefore, in early spring, organic fertilizer should be applied to the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Spring shoots are branches that bloom in autumn that year. Spring seedlings are growing vigorously and will bloom more in the future. After Osmanthus fragrans blooms in autumn, in order to restore tree vigor and supplement nutrition, inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. The newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans has weak absorption capacity because of its damaged root system, so it is not appropriate to topdressing too early. The base fertilizer of the transplanting pit should be mixed with soil and covered with soil, and the root system should not be in direct contact with the fertilizer, so as not to damage the root system and affect the survival rate.

Fertilizer must be applied where the roots can absorb it. Seedling roots are concentrated, and transplanting is easy to survive. Therefore, fertilization in nursery should not be too far away from seedling crown, otherwise the root system will expand outward. But it is not suitable to be applied under the trunk, which is not conducive to the absorption of fertilizer.

(4) Pruning osmanthus fragrans is an important measure to cultivate single-dried osmanthus fragrans. Timely and reasonable pruning can make it ventilated and transparent, strengthen photosynthesis and reduce pests and diseases, so that osmanthus fragrans grows rapidly, its trunk is straight and its tree shape is beautiful.

(1) When osmanthus fragrans germinates, the buds on the trunk and base can also germinate. The useless buds at the lower part of the trunk should be peeled off in time to concentrate water and nutrition, promote the development of the upper branches and form an ideal tree shape.

(2) To cultivate dried osmanthus fragrans by thinning branches, we should consciously cultivate the trunk straight from the beginning of seedlings, maintain a certain height under branches, and cut off useless branches. Generally, the height under the branches of osmanthus fragrans is about 1.5 meters.

(3) Cut the overgrown top branches to keep the height of osmanthus fragrans at about 3.5 meters and the crown width at 2.5-3 meters. When transplanting Osmanthus fragrans, in order to maintain a complete tree shape, it is not advisable to cut it forcefully, but only cut off dead branches, disease and insect branches, sparse overlapping branches, cross branches and thin branches, and control long branches.

(5) Before transplanting seedlings, the transplanting site must be deeply plowed and harrowed, and "three plows and three harrows" should be used. Deep tillage and fine harrow can improve the physical properties of soil, keep the soil loose, increase the permeability and water retention capacity of soil, facilitate the activity of aerobic bacteria, promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer and create a good growth environment for roots.

The annual seedling of osmanthus fragrans is 25 cm high, and it was transplanted for the first time in the early spring of the following year. The height of two-year-old seedlings is 60 cm, and that of three-year-old seedlings is 120 cm. Carry out the second transplant, the plant spacing is 1× 1 m, take as much soil as possible, leave more roots, and cut off the main roots appropriately. When the trunk diameter of Osmanthus fragrans seedlings reaches 3-4 cm, it can be transplanted for the third time, with a row spacing of 2.5×2.5 meters and soil balls. Osmanthus fragrans can leave the garden when the trunk diameter reaches 6 to 8 cm. As a large osmanthus seedling for landscaping, it usually needs to be cultivated for more than 8 years.

Osmanthus fragrans can be transplanted at other times except in midsummer and severe winter. In Huangchuan, Henan, the climate is warm. As long as you bring a good soil ball, you can transplant it all year round. But the best time is the end of June 165438+ to February of the following year. At this time, the root wound of transplanted osmanthus fragrans heals quickly, which can catch up with the growing season in spring, which is very beneficial to the recovery of osmanthus fragrans growth, and the planted osmanthus fragrans can bloom normally almost in the same year.

4. The influence of bad factors and countermeasures

(1) pests and diseases In Guilin, there are few pests and diseases of osmanthus fragrans cultivated in the open field, and occasionally there are red spiders, whiteflies, scale insects and cobia insects, so it is necessary to spray pesticides in time and prevent them in advance.

(2) The growth of osmanthus fragrans polluted by smoke and dust needs clean air. Smoke pollution will affect the development of new shoots of osmanthus fragrans or cause a large number of fallen leaves, which will affect the normal growth of osmanthus fragrans. It is necessary to strengthen management, increase the resistance of osmanthus fragrans, stay away from dust, and let osmanthus fragrans grow normally.

5. The seedlings leave the nursery

(1) You must bring soil balls to raise seedlings and dig the ground. The diameter of the soil ball should be 6 to 8 times of the foundation diameter, and the thickness of the soil ball should be about 2/3 of the ball diameter. It is not suitable for sowing in rainy days, and the soil moisture is high, so it is easy to sow. Summer is very hot and the soil is too dry. Water two days before emergence to make the soil contain some water. When seedlings emerge, the soil is sticky and difficult to disperse. After picking up the clay ball, tie it with a pair of hemp rope and a proper amount of straw rope. First, tie a knot in half with hemp rope and put it at the bottom of the soil ball, then wrap the soil ball with straw rope for 3 to 4 times, then tie the knot with hemp rope for 3 to 4 times to the upper part of the soil ball, and finally tie the hemp rope tightly with the trunk to prepare for shipment.

(2) When hoisting and transporting, use hemp rope or rubber pad near the soil ball on the trunk and tie it tightly with hemp rope. Soil balls over 70 cm can be lifted by crane and loaded on the car, and then covered with poncho or sunshade net to keep out rain and reduce water evaporation. Smooth transportation at night is beneficial to reduce water evaporation of seedlings.