Basic introduction Chinese name: Flame mbth: FlameLatin: flamma applied discipline: energy, chemistry, physics Chinese pronunciation: huǒ yàn? Word concept, basic meaning, flame composition, extension, essence analysis, word concept, the brilliance when an object burns.
Liu Tang Zongyuan's "The Finished Study": "Each has its own house, and when it is closed, it will be opened; Fire inflammation is used to make money. "
"Yuan Shi Shun Di Miracle": "There are stars like fire on Daming Road, flowing from the southeast, dragging the end of the mountain, landing with sound and full of flames, and for a long time."
Qu Qiubai's Fragments of Russian-Soviet Literature: "Flames fly like volcanoes." Red bud
Tang Bai Juyi's poem "Red Magnolia in Lingyin Temple" says: "Purple chalk contains sharp flames, and red swallows dye small lotus flowers. How much do you know about Xiangxiang, so that the monk regrets becoming a monk. " Bright red luster
Tang Baorong, Li Xianggong, Yi Jian Xiping and Qing Zi returned to the army in Huainan: "The animal flag in the sky shakes the flame, and the fish armor moves a few days ago." ***
Ye Shengtao's "Ni Huanzhi" XVIII: "Is the flame of love gradually extinguished in her heart?" Fierce struggle environment
* * * "On Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People" II: "Our party and army are rooted in the people, tempered by the long-term revolutionary flame and have combat effectiveness." The basic meaning of flame is a state or phenomenon correctly. The burning combustible gas glows, releases heat and flashes upwards. Combustible liquid or solid must be changed into gas before it can be burned to produce flame. The main reason is that combustible gas is oxidized by oxygen or pure oxygen in the air, giving off light and heat. Flame composition is generally divided into three parts. Inner layer. Dark blue flame, due to insufficient oxygen supply, incomplete combustion, the lowest temperature, has a reducing effect. Represents the flame center or reducing flame. Medium level. Crimson or yellowish flame, bright. The temperature is higher than that of the inner layer. This is called internal flame. Outer layer. Colorless, because of sufficient oxygen supply, complete combustion, highest temperature and oxidation. It is called external flame or oxidation flame. Or divided into flame center, inner flame and outer flame, and the flame temperature rises from inside to outside in turn. The heart of fire. The dark part and the blue part of the center are composed of gases that can burn but have not yet burned. Internal flame. The brightest part around the flame core is the part where the gas is not completely burned. Containing carbon particles, it gives off strong light when heated, which has a reducing effect, and is also called reducing flame. External flame. The outermost yellowish or transparent area is called the reaction zone. This is the part where the gas burns completely. Air with too much heat and strength has oxidation effect, also called oxidation flame. Not all extended flames are in high temperature plasma, but they can also produce flames at low temperature. The range from the flame center (or initial plane) to the flame boundary outside the flame is gaseous combustible or vaporized combustible, which reacts violently or relatively violently with combustion-supporting materials. In the process of combination, gaseous molecules will release energy waves with different frequencies, so they will emit different colors of light in the medium. Flame is a gradient field of energy. With the combustion process, its residue can reflect visible light, regardless of energy density. Flame can be understood as the mixture of small solid particles and gas, because it is a mixture, and it is unreasonable to simply describe it as solid or gas. Because small solid particles react with oxygen in the air (influenced by high temperature or other factors), they can release energy in the form of light. After a substance becomes gaseous, if it continues to gain energy from the outside, to a certain extent, its particles can be further split into negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions, that is, atoms or molecules are ionized. After ionization makes the concentration of charged particles exceed a certain amount (usually more than one thousandth), although the behavior of gas is still similar to that of ordinary fluid, the role of neutral particles begins to retreat to a secondary position, and the role of charged particles becomes dominant, and the whole substance presents a series of new properties. A partially or completely ionized gas like this, in which the positive and negative charges of free electrons and positive ions are equal, is electrically neutral as a whole, and its behavior is influenced by electromagnetic fields, which is called "plasma". Because the solid, liquid and gas of matter all belong to "aggregated state", "plasma state" is often called the fourth state of matter in the order of aggregated state. Plasma phenomenon is not uncommon. Dazzling neon lights, dazzling sparks during welding, lightning, flames, etc. Are all manifestations of plasma luminescence; The ionosphere in the upper atmosphere of the earth is formed by plasma; The sun, which is most closely related to human beings, is also a big plasma ball. On our earth, the plasma state of matter is special, but in the whole universe, according to mass estimation, more than 90% of matter is in plasma state, and "cold" solids like the earth are rare. Plasma obeys the laws of gas, but compared with ordinary gas, it has a series of unique properties. It is a good conductor of electricity and heat; In addition to irregular thermal motion, particles also produce some "collective" motion. The electromagnetic action of charged particles in plasma sometimes makes the plasma itself condense into various shapes with clear boundaries under the action of strong magnetic field, just like liquid. Therefore, when studying the related problems of plasma, it is often regarded as a continuous medium that can conduct current and flow, that is, conductive fluid. The behavior and motion of this conductive fluid can be influenced or controlled by the magnetic field, which is also called "magnetic fluid". The tearful flame of a candle is caused by the updraft caused by heat. The airflow flows smoothly around the candle flame and converges to a point. The flame shape in bunsen burner is controlled by both air flow and gas flow. If the gas is not mixed with air before bunsen burner is ignited, the flame of the lamp will be disordered and look like a yellow belt dancing in the breeze. If air and gas are mixed in advance, the temperature of the flame is much higher and the shape is much more regular, which is a cone with a little blue. In any case, the shape of the flame is related to gravity, especially the density of hot air is lower than that of cold air, so it will rise upwards. In weightlessness, this "convection" effect no longer works, and the flame is more spherical in shape. Fire is the energy released when material molecules split and recombine into low-energy molecules for separation, collision and combination. Particles in fire move at high speed-high temperature and high pressure is this purpose. Lightning strike can ionize, so high-speed collision can ionize, otherwise the effect can't be the same. It can be considered that fire is an ionized gas-plasma gas. That's why all Lei Ji's bodies have symptoms of burns. To sum up, the inside of the flame is actually a gas molecule that is constantly excited and swimming. They are looking for "partners" to react and emit light and energy. Release the light and let us see the flame. The essence of flame is the phenomenon that air molecules around the reaction zone are heated and move at high speed in exothermic reaction, thus emitting light. In chemical reactions, when the total energy of reactants is greater than the total energy of products, part of the energy diffuses outward in the form of heat energy, which is called exothermic reaction. The heat energy released outward gathers around the reaction zone, heating the surrounding air and making the surrounding air molecules move at high speed. The faster the moving speed, the higher the temperature. The flame is divided into 1 according to the distance from the reaction zone, and the flame center, the particle movement speed is low, the spectrum is concentrated in the infrared region, and the temperature is low. 2, the internal flame, the particle movement speed is moderate, the spectrum is concentrated in the visible part, the brightness is the highest, and the temperature is higher. 3, external flame, the particle movement speed is the fastest, the spectrum is concentrated in the ultraviolet region, the temperature is the highest, and the brightness is higher. The energy released from the reaction zone gradually increases from the center of the flame to the outside, and then drops sharply, making the flame outline clear. The boundary between the flame and the surrounding air is where the reaction energy drops sharply.