After tea garden cultivation, all agricultural technical work except picking belongs to the management category, mainly including intertillage, weeding, fertilization, soil improvement, drought resistance and moisture conservation, pest control, tea tree pruning and shaping, etc. The purpose of management is to overcome the contradiction between the robust growth of tea trees and environmental conditions, and ensure that tea trees are full of seedlings, strong seedlings, fast-growing, high-yield, high-quality and sustainable yield increase. There are different contradictions in different tree ages, different growth stages, different site conditions and different environments of tea trees, which need to be solved by different measures in different periods and gardens. Generally speaking, the soil management of tea gardens, that is, ploughing, hoeing and fertilization, should be regarded as the focus of the whole management, and the realization of high yield and high quality based on soil and fertilizer work should be the guiding ideology of all tea gardens management.
Second, drought resistance and seedling protection
1, intertillage and shallow tillage: used to loosen soil, increase water permeability and water holding capacity, cut off capillary of topsoil and reduce evaporation. At the same time, intertillage can thicken the active soil layer.
Intertillage time: it can be done every month except the peak of dry season, and the depth is 15-20cm. It can also be combined with deep ploughing in autumn and winter (20-30 cm), and intertillage should be strengthened for sticky and hardened soil.
If the farming time is postponed to the dry season, the depth should be reduced accordingly. The principle is that the rainy season is deep at the end, the dry season is shallow at the beginning, and no farming is carried out in the dry season. Those with irrigation conditions can be shallow plowed in dry season.
2. Mulching: used to keep soil moisture, reduce topsoil temperature and reduce weeds. At the end of the rainy season, no weeds were cut and covered on the sticky and hardened soil. Before mulching, apply base fertilizer deeply, and cover the grass with 8- 10 cm thickness, then press the soil on the grass.
The direct seeding zone in tea garden can be covered with plastic film to improve the germination rate. Most of them dig up the soil and uncover the plastic film when sprouting.
3. Irrigation: Where conditions permit, water the tea garden in dry season. The start-up time, water consumption and cycle of furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation depend on the size of tea trees. The bigger the tea tree, the more drought-resistant the land and the greater the water consumption. The smaller the tea tree, the shorter the cycle. Sprinkler irrigation saves water and has good effect than furrow irrigation. Generally speaking, from the end of February, the first foot falls and stops, with 20-30 cubic meters of water per mu.
Third, fertilization in tea gardens.
1. Objective: To supplement and improve soil nutrients in tea gardens, improve soil physical and chemical properties, regulate soil microbial activity, and promote the robust growth of tea trees.
2, principle: economic and effective, less times, more rainy season, less dry season, close cooperation with pruning and picking, base fertilizer topdressing, base fertilizer; Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are combined, and organic fertilizer is the most important. Implement three aspects: fertilization, weather (if it is not applied before drought and rainstorm) and soil fertility (if the garden soil is fat and thin, the texture is light and heavy, etc. ), and tea trees (age, growth stage, growth potential, pruning or not, picking, etc. ).
3. Surface treatment
(1) Time: According to the growth dormancy law and pruning and picking situation of the annual growth cycle of tea trees above ground, nitrogen fertilizer should generally be applied to high-yield tea gardens with long harvest period in February, May, July and September in early June after each round of tea or tea picking, after each pruning or intertillage weeding. 10.
(2) Times: 2-4 times a year according to needs and possibilities. Increase the number of high-yield tea gardens.
(3) The dosage is calculated by ammonium sulfate.
Young tea is planted in the same year, 4-5 kg each time, totaling 8- 10 kg, 8- 10 kg each time in the following year, 20-30 kg in the whole year and 30-40 kg in the third year.
Tea garden picking: determined according to soil quality, tree age, growth and yield, per mu 10- 15 kg each time. If the annual output is less than 50kg, apply 40kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 50-100kg/mu, 50-80kg100-150kg/mu, 90-120kg.
(4) Method: Young tea is applied to a hole, and a flat-bottomed crescent hole with a depth of 6-8 cm is opened at the outer side of the root neck of 10- 15 cm, and the fertilizer is subdivided, evenly spread in the hole, and leveled with soil. Tea trees and tea gardens that have been picked for more than three years should be furrowed. Open a flat-bottomed ditch with a depth of 8- 10 cm at the vertical projection edge of the crown or 20 cm away from the root neck of the tea tree. Fertilize in the ditch and cover the soil evenly. No matter acupoint application or furrow application, it should be done alternately on both sides of the tea shop, and it is not advisable to overlap in one place at a time.
High yield (more than 250kg/ mu) covers the tea garden completely, and the rows are covered, and the branches and leaves are completely closed, which makes ditching operation difficult. You can spread the fertilizer evenly on the ground without exposing it, then shake the tea tree to make the fertilizer attached to the leaves fall, and then rake it on the soil surface with a hoe and a small nail rake to make the fertilizer contact with the wet soil or spray it in time. Top dressing should be carried out after furrow irrigation in tea garden.