Generally, a spring cocoon filament is 900 ~1500 m long; In summer and autumn, a cocoon filament is 700 ~1200m long. Cocoon quality is generally measured by the following value standards:

① Silk value mainly refers to silk yield and fresh cocoon silk yield.

(2) Reeling value, including reeling rate and reeling length related to reeling production efficiency.

③ Silk quality value, including cocoon filament size, thickness difference and cocoon filament performance.

④ Group value refers to the uniformity of each character between cocoons in the same batch and the number of cocoons in this batch.

These four values constitute the commodity value of raw cocoons in silk reeling industry. Cocoons with high cocoon loading rate, good relaxation, high filament and silk output rate are all excellent cocoons. In addition, white cocoon color, normal luster and uniform cocoon shape are also important standards for high-quality cocoons. The inspection of the above standards can generally be determined by dry shell quantity inspection and reeling inspection.

Extended data

Economic Traits Indicators The advantages and disadvantages of cocoon economic traits are measured by the following indicators.

Cocoon layer rate

Refers to the percentage of cocoon layer weight to cocoon weight, which is the main index to evaluate cocoon grade. The higher the cocoon shell rate, the more silk is produced. The cocoon shell rate of spring cocoons is generally 22% ~ 26%, and that of summer and autumn cocoons is 18% ~ 23%.

Length and weight of cocoon silk

Refers to the length and weight of cocoon silk that can be harvested by a cocoon. Generally, the length of cocoon filaments in spring is 900 ~ 1500m, and the weight is 0.35g ~ 0.45g In summer and autumn, the length of cocoon filaments is 700 ~ 1200m, and the weight of cocoon filaments is 0.22 ~ 0.37g. ..

Spinning length and speed

All these reflect the difficulty of cocoon silk dissociation from cocoon layer during reeling. The untwisted silk length is the average silk length that each joint can continuously reel silk 1 time in the reeling process. Release rate is the percentage of released silk length to cocoon silk length. Good relaxation leads to less drop, more silk and good quality; Poor relaxation leads to more silk dropping, waste silk, low silk yield and low raw silk quality. Silk reeling often consumes a lot of energy and costs a lot.

Silk output

Refers to the percentage of silk weight to cocoon weight, or expressed by reeling rate, which is a comprehensive index of cocoon quality. The output of silk is mainly determined by factors such as cocoon yield, cocoon shell rate and relaxation rate. The spinning rate of fresh cocoons is generally 14% ~ 16%, and the highest is 19% ~ 2 1%. The reeling rate is the percentage of silk weight to cocoon weight, which is generally 75% ~ 85%.

Cocoon size

Indicates the thickness of cocoon silk. The unit is denier, abbreviated as "denier" or "d", commonly known as "minute" or "strip", that is, when the weight of 900-meter-long cocoon filament is 0. 1 gram, it is 1 denier. The larger the denier, the thicker the cocoon silk. The average size of cocoon silk of hybrid is generally 2.8 ~ 3.3 denier in spring cocoon, 2.0 ~ 2.7 denier in summer cocoon and autumn cocoon.

Cocoon silk knot

The abnormal phenomena of cocoon silk are mostly caused by the interruption of spinning during reeling or the failure of the ∞-shaped bonding part of cocoon silk. _ More knots will increase the broken ends in reeling and weaving and reduce the quality.

Cocoon separation fineness

Also called micro-velvet. It is a fine fiber in sericin, and its dyeing performance is poor, which affects the fabric quality and is one of the defects of cocoon silk.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-cocoon

Cocoon price list in 2022

In 2022, 20 yuan weighed about a kilo of fresh cocoons.

Silkworm culture technology

Feeding of young silkworms:

1. Temperature and humidity regulation: 1 It is called a young silkworm when it is 3 years old, and the environment it needs is high temperature and high humidity. The suitable temperature for 1 ~ 2 years old is 26 ~ 27℃ and the relative humidity is 90%. Therefore, 1 to 2-year-old silkworm adopts anti-drying, that is, covering with plastic film; Three-year-old semi-dry, that is, only covered with plastic film, keep the temperature at 26-27℃ and the relative humidity at 85%.

2. Leaves for young silkworms: 65,438+0-year-old mulberry leaves with yellow leaves and green leaves, 65,438+0 kg for one silkworm; Counting buds from the top of the second instar, the fourth leaf is yellow-green, and one silkworm leaf is 3 kg; The 5th-6th leaves of the 3rd instar silkworm are light green and shiny, with one leaf10-12kg; . The first and second instar silkworms cut the mulberry leaves into cubes 1.5 times the length of the silkworm, and the third instar silkworms cut the leaves into triangles for feeding, and the amount of mulberry to be fed each time should be controlled in the silkworm bed before the next feeding.

3. Mulberry feeding frequency and time: 4 times a day, at 7: 00 am, at noon 1 1: 00, at 4: 00 pm, at afternoon10; Silkworms grow and develop rapidly, and every time they feed mulberry, they should be combined with expanding their seats.

4. Treatment before going to bed: Sand removal before going to bed: The body color of young silkworms turns white, the body becomes shorter, and the body surface is tense and shiny. Some one-year-old silkworms are attached to silkworm droppings. When the second and third instar silkworms have the phenomenon of carrying silkworms, the mulberry can be netted and desanded before going to bed. Tiqing: If some silkworms are asleep and others are awake, we should add nets to the mulberries, pull up the silkworms that can't sleep, and move them to another dustpan to continue feeding them until they fall asleep.

5. Protection during sleep: keep the silkworm bed dry in the middle and early stages of sleep, sprinkle lime powder on the silkworm bed and maintain a relative humidity of 80%; When silkworms hatch, the room should be humid and the relative humidity should be kept at 85%; If the humidity is not enough, you can sprinkle water on the ground to make up the humidity.

6. Pay attention to food when sleeping: When more than 95% of sleeping silkworms have shelled, their heads turn from gray to brown, and their heads become obviously larger, young silkworms can crawl for food. At this time, they can pay attention to their diet. Mulberry leaves should be slightly tender, so the amount of mulberries should be less.

Silkworm rearing:

1. Feeding mode: 4-5-year-old silkworm is in the big silkworm stage, and the suitable growth temperature is 25℃. Silkworms have weak resistance to high temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide, eat a lot of mulberry and have a lot of excrement, so they can be raised indoors on the ground and outdoors in sheds.

2. Move the silkworm to the ground: clean the silkworm house and disinfect it with 1% bleaching powder. When it is dry, sprinkle a layer of lime powder on the ground, feed the silkworm to a leaf and move it to the ground to breed.

3. Reasonable mulberry feeding: The 4th instar silkworm is the transition period from silkworm growth to silk gland growth, and malnutrition will affect the yield and quality. Mulberry leaves are required to be fresh and of good quality, and 7 ~ 15 leaves below the terminal bud are selected for feeding, so as to achieve the purpose of good satiety of mulberry leaves; The amount of mulberry used by the fifth instar silkworm accounts for about 85% of the total amount of mulberry used. This period is the key period for rational utilization of mulberry and improving the benefit of mulberry leaves. Adopt the feeding method of pine with two tight ends in the middle: strictly control the number of leaves on 1 ~ 2 days or the fifth to seventh days of the fifth instar until the next mulberry; On the third to sixth day, silkworms should be full; Move the silkworm every time you feed the leaves, expand the seat and keep the silkworm head even.

4. Do a good job in the hygiene of the silkworm seat: disinfect the silkworm seat with fresh lime powder every morning during the big silkworm period. It's rainy and humid. Sprinkle lime powder twice a day to keep it ventilated and dry.

5. Cocoon picking: After 6-7 days, the fifth instar silkworm stops eating mulberry and excretes a lot of green soft stools, with transparent chest, slightly soft body and sallow head. At this time, 3-4 square clusters are placed alternately and horizontally, and the mature silkworms are evenly scattered on the clusters, and the cluster hooks are hung after the silkworms climb up. It is suggested to keep good ventilation, and keep the temperature in the cluster at 24℃ and the humidity at 85%. Generally, silkworm cocoons can be picked and sold 6 days after cocoon formation in spring and 4 ~ 5 days after cocoon formation in summer and autumn.

Zombie silkworm photo

Because they have mysterious manipulation ability, because in nature, there are many examples of fungi being manipulated after infection. For example, the behavior of ants infected by fungi is completely manipulated. When fungi reproduce, these ants will find a leaf slightly higher than the ground, then bite the vein with their jaws and finally hang themselves directly. Spores grow and spread on ants' heads. Ants are also very picky about the location of death. Usually they are at a certain distance from the ground, neither high nor high.

The surrounding environment is also very suitable for the growth of fungi, which makes people sigh. Many people ask, are these fungi really that smart? In fact, how fungi control their hosts has always been a hot but difficult topic for scientists, but some research reports show that scientists may have found some clues. Most scientists believe that although the mechanism of how fungi control cicada hosts remains to be explained, there are clues that this control behavior may be related to some psychochemicals.

One of them is Pleurotus ostreatus, which you may not be familiar with, but you are familiar with plants containing this neurotoxin, especially friends who grew up in Yunnan. When they often eat green hands, there are naked mushrooms. This statement seems to only appear in movies, but it is true. Although there are some artistic exaggerations, I don't think it will happen here at present.

Because the viruses and parasitic fungi we find now are mild and have no strong ability to control animal consciousness. But art actually comes from real life, so some scenes in these sci-fi movies actually have certain scientific basis. In nature, especially in the insect world, there are usually hallucinogenic fungi infected and manipulated by fungi according to their own intentions, so we can't stop this insect from continuing to develop.

/kloc-How many Jin does 0/000 cocoon weigh?

A cocoon weighs about 2-3 grams, so about 177-250 cocoons weigh one kilogram.

Cocoon usually refers to mulberry cocoon. The capsule-shaped protective layer of silkworm chrysalis contains pupae. The protective layer includes cocoon layer, cocoon layer and pupa lining. Cocoon layer can be used for reeling, and the cocoon layer and waste silk after reeling can be used as raw materials for silk cotton and silk spinning. The cocoon is oval or slightly constricted in the middle, with a length of 3-4cm and a diameter of 1.7-2. 1cm. The surface is white or light yellow, with irregular wrinkles and attached silk, and the shape is fluffy. The silk on its inner wall is very regular. Thin and tough, not easy to tear. It is slightly fishy and has a light taste.

How to cook cocoons to make silk quilts

How to cook cocoon reeling;

If you want to shred, just boil it in clear water for a few minutes. If you want to shred, you need to add some soda or baking soda and cook for ten minutes to half an hour. You can try pulling one on the road. The length and weight of cocoon silk refer to the length and weight of cocoon silk that can be obtained by a cocoon.

Generally, the length of cocoon silk in spring is 900 ~ 1500m, and the weight is 0.35g ~ 0.45g; in summer and autumn, the length of cocoon silk is 700 ~ 1200m, and the weight of cocoon silk is 0.22 ~ 0.37g The length and rate of silk withdrawal reflect the difficulty of cocoon silk dissociation in the reeling process. The untwisted silk length is the average silk length that each joint can continuously reel silk 1 time in the reeling process. Release rate is the percentage of released silk length to cocoon silk length. Good relaxation leads to less drop, more silk and good quality; Poor relaxation leads to more silk dropping, waste silk, low silk yield and low raw silk quality. Silk reeling often consumes a lot of energy and costs a lot.

Silk reeling rate refers to the percentage of silk weight to cocoon weight, or expressed by reeling rate, which is a comprehensive index of cocoon quality. The output of silk is mainly determined by factors such as cocoon yield, cocoon shell rate and relaxation rate. The spinning rate of fresh cocoons is generally 14% ~ 16%, and the highest is 19% ~ 2 1%. The reeling rate is the percentage of silk weight to cocoon weight, which is generally 75% ~ 85%. The size of cocoon silk indicates the thickness of cocoon silk. The unit is denier, abbreviated as "denier" or "d", commonly known as "minute" or "strip", that is, when the weight of 900-meter-long cocoon filament is 0. 1 gram, it is 1 denier.