Different kinds of animals need different living conditions. When collecting animals, we should adopt certain methods according to their different habitats for a certain period of time and need different tools to collect them.

deal with

1. Collating specimens: Collate the collected specimens, first put them into a large container filled with clean water, then select the ones with strong vitality, typical shape, integrity and appropriate size, and discard other sundries. 2. Restore the natural state of animals: move aquatic species into a container filled with fresh common water or seawater and let it stand for one hour to restore the animals to their natural state. 3. Anesthesia: Animals that contract easily need anesthesia before being slaughtered. Commonly used anesthetics include ether, chloroform, 50% alcohol, magnesium sulfate, etc. 4. Slaughter: After the animals are anesthetized for a certain period of time (the anesthesia time should not be too long), they should be slaughtered quickly with appropriate drugs to maintain their normal appearance and the integrity of internal organs. Commonly used biocides are 5- 10% formalin, 80-95% alcohol, anhydrous alcohol, etc. (1) Skinning: According to different kinds of poultry and production purposes, there are three skinning methods: chest skinning, belly skinning and back skinning. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to open the chest and abdomen for birds. The specific peeling method is: cut open the chest and abdomen with a safety blade (large birds can use scalpels). Before opening the chest, use a brush with water to expose the skin on both sides, and cut the skin along the keel to the center of the chest. Then cut the connective tissue between the skin and the meat with a knife. Big birds can hold the skin outward with their fingers to separate the skin from the meat. At this time, he can apply some talcum powder (gypsum powder) to avoid adhesion. When the neck and shoulders are exposed, use scissors to cut the muscles at the root of the wings to expose the joints, and then cut the joints. In the process of peeling, if there is bleeding or the body is punctured, immediately plug it with cotton and sprinkle gypsum powder. When peeling to the joint of femur and tibia, use scissors to cut the muscles and joints and separate the meat from the back. Be especially careful when peeling your tail. Don't pull hard, and don't damage the tail and cloaca hole, so as not to cause feathers (tail feathers) to fall off and fat to seep out. At this time, only the neck has not been peeled, so you can pull it out with one hand and turn it over with the other. When the head is peeled off from the skull, it is cut off from the foramen magnum with scissors and temporarily blocked with cotton wool to completely peel off the muscles. (2) Removal: Remove the adhered muscles on the tibia and wings, and then restore the skin to its original position after removing the muscles. (3) Tendon picking: cut the claw bottom with a knife, pick out and cut the tendon with a pricker. (4) clean the head; After the head is exposed to the ear canal and eyeball, pull out the eyeball with tweezers, cut the ear canal with a knife, enlarge the hole on the occipital bone with scissors, and take out the intracranial brain. When removing the brain, dip it out with a cotton ball and dip it clean. (5) Scaffolding: Make a scaffold with two iron wires. If the specimen wants to spread its wings, it needs four wires to make a scaffold, including six wires in the head, 1 in the head, 1 in the tail, two wings and two legs. Two winged iron wires spread out from the wing root. (6) Filling: Generally, small birds are filled with cotton wool, and if they are big birds, they can be filled with brown silk or sawdust. Before filling, apply antiseptic from the inside of the bird's head down, then fill it with cotton wool, and the back of the filling is flat. When filling, an artificial eye can be installed, and the bottom of the artificial eye is painted with the same color as the living fundus, which is more realistic. Prosthetic eyes can also be installed after the head is restored. (7) Suture: After all parts are filled with cotton, the skin will be established from the neck and chest from top to bottom, and care should be taken not to damage the feathers when sewing. (8) Plastic surgery: Plastic surgery is a very critical step. Plastic surgery should be based on physical objects. The positions of ears, eyes and face should be adjusted, and the feathers should be neat; Smooth.

Fixed; unchangeable

Fixation can keep the material as original as possible without deterioration. In the process of specimen making, the materials should be fixed first and then preserved. There are two commonly used fixing methods: drying and soaking in liquid medicine. To soak the specimen, a chemical solution with a certain concentration should be used as the stationary liquid in advance. Soak the materials before storing them. Small animal materials, stored directly in fixed liquid. For large materials, a part of the stationary liquid is first injected into the material, and then it is immersed in the stationary liquid.

protect

Fixation and preservation are two important environments for making specimens. Whether the fixed material can finally become a qualified specimen depends on how to preserve it. If it is not properly preserved, even if it is fixed, it will still fail to achieve the purpose of production. The preservation methods mainly include liquid immersion preservation and dry preservation. 1, soak and save. Immersion preservation is a method of preserving specimens by soaking them in a certain drug solution. General whole materials, anatomical materials, local structures or organs can be preserved in this way. Commonly used preservation solutions are almost the same as fixed solutions, mainly formalin, alcohol, glycerol and various mixed solutions prepared by these drugs in proportion. Formalin is only used for storage at night, and its concentration is 5%- 10%, and in some cases it can be used as 15%. The specific concentration depends on the size of the specimen. In principle, the concentration of small specimens is small and the concentration of large specimens is high. Formalin as preservation solution has good effect and low price, and can be used in large quantities. The disadvantage is that paraformaldehyde is often formed during storage, which makes the immersion liquid turbid and affects observation. Therefore, in the process of preservation, a new solution should be replaced once a year.