Ancient Egyptians used antiseptic spices to bury corpses, which dried up over the years and formed mummies. The ancient Egyptians believed that after death, the soul would not die, but would still cling to the corpse or statue. Therefore, after the death of Pharaoh, they were all mummified as a hope and deep memory of the deceased. Mummy originally meant asphalt, referring to a dry and uncorrupted corpse. Egypt has found the largest number of mummies, the earliest time and the most complicated technology. When the Egyptians made mummies, they first took out part of the brain marrow from the nostrils of the dead body with iron hooks and injected some drugs into the brain for cleaning. Then use a sharp stone knife to cut a hole in the side abdomen, take out the internal organs completely, clean the abdomen, fill it with coconut milk wine and mashed spices, and sew it as it is. After this step is completed, the body is put into baking soda powder for 70 days, then it is washed, wrapped with linen bandage from head to toe, and coated with gum commonly used in Egypt instead of ordinary glue, and then the body is handed over to relatives, who put it in a special humanoid wooden box and keep it in the tomb, standing upright against the wall. Ancient Egypt liked to mummify the bodies of kings or ministers very early, and it was impossible without a high level of medical care. Unlike ancient China, mummification even became a trend in ancient Egypt. The specific production process of mummies, that is, mummies. Ancient Egyptians buried corpses with antiseptic spices, which dried up over the years and formed mummies. The ancient Egyptians believed that after death, the soul would not die, but would still cling to the corpse or statue. Therefore, after the death of Pharaoh, they were all mummified as a hope and deep memory of the deceased. Mummy originally meant asphalt, referring to a dry and uncorrupted corpse. Egypt has found the largest number of mummies, the earliest time and the most complicated technology. When the Egyptians made mummies, they first took out part of the brain marrow from the nostrils of the dead body with iron hooks and injected some drugs into the brain for cleaning. Then use a sharp stone knife to cut a hole in the side abdomen, take out the internal organs completely, clean the abdomen, fill it with coconut milk wine and mashed spices, and sew it as it is. After this step is completed, the body is put into baking soda powder for 70 days, then it is washed, wrapped with linen bandage from head to toe, and coated with gum commonly used in Egypt instead of ordinary glue, and then the body is handed over to relatives, who put it in a special humanoid wooden box and keep it in the tomb, standing upright against the wall. This expensive method of disposing of corpses is generally suitable for pharaohs, dignitaries and the rich. It is much easier for the poor to make mummies. Wash the abdomen with laxatives, then soak the body in soda powder for 70 days, take it out, let the wind blow dry and bury it in a dry sand dune. The ancient Egyptians, rich or poor, were mummified after their death. This is because the ancient Egyptians believed that people were composed of body and soul, and even in the world of the underworld, the dead still needed their own bodies. A corpse is not a "useless corpse". As long as the body is well preserved, it can always be used. The soul is gradually lost with the gradual destruction of the body, and the complete destruction of the body means the complete disappearance of the soul. As long as the body is preserved and the soul has a place to live, the dead can be reincarnated. The specific production process and method are as follows: if someone dies, his body is first sent to a place called "clothing department": it is dedicated to purifying the body. After the body was washed with soda water, it was sent to a place called "Babet" (meaning pure land) or "Per-Napier" (meaning beautiful house) to complete the filling of spices. So mummies are being made. Herodotus left us detailed information about this. First, apply melted turpentine to your face to protect your facial image and prevent it from drying too fast. Second, brain pulp processing. The craftsman inserted the chisel into the left nostril, crushed the ethmoid bone, and then used tools to rotate in the brain, destroying the brain marrow. Insert a very small long-handled spoon into the brain from the nostril, dig out the brains, and finally put some drugs and spices into the empty skull. Brain marrow is generally not preserved. Third, take out the internal organs. The stomach, intestine, liver and lung were taken out through the left incision in the abdomen. Then use palm oil as cleaning solution to clean the chest and abdomen. Sometimes these organs are neatly wrapped in turpentine balls and put into the mummy's abdomen, and sometimes they are put into a small jar with a lid and then put into the abdomen. Small pots are becoming more and more complicated from the ancient kingdom to the new kingdom. At first, there were some simple pot covers, but in the Middle Kingdom, there were pot covers with heads. In the early18th century, the lid of the jar was guarded by the "son of Horace". However, it was forbidden to take out the heart in ancient Egypt. They regard the heart as a symbol of wisdom and try their best to keep it in the body. In the book of the dead in the New Kingdom, there are three people on duty who take turns guarding the heart. Fourth, dehydration. This is an important drying process. The craftsmen first wrapped the soaked alkali and other temporary fillers in cloth, and then soaked them in dry soaked alkali powder for about 40 days. After the water is drained, they take out the stuffing inside and put crushed myrrh, cinnamon, soaked alkali, sawdust and so on in cloth bags. Finally, they carefully stitched the incision and pasted a piece of skin with Horace's eyes painted on it, because the ancient Egyptians missed the strong healing and protection of this skin. Fifth, cosmetic surgery. In order to keep the mummy's skin soft, it was selectively coated with a mixture of milk, wine, spices, beeswax, turpentine and asphalt to beautify the skin. Mummy's eyes are full of linen and stones, which are very vivid. The mummy was finally coated with turpentine to prevent moisture, and the makeup artist also sprinkled a layer of carmine on the mummy's cheeks, wearing a braided wig, clothes and the best jewelry. Sixth, the bag. Egyptians thought it was dangerous to be buried, so prayers were accompanied during the whole process (usually 15 days). Every time the hand that bandages the body moves, it is accompanied by solemn prayers or magic spells, and protective strips are placed between linen bandages. They attach great importance to keeping it in their hearts. Amulets are generally made of scarab-shaped or heart-shaped green stones with the words "Preserve the heart of the deceased so that it will not produce anything harmful to its owner". Other amulets were placed near the mummy's body or wrapped in linen. Seventh, the mummy greeted his card. The time is usually 70 days. After that, Anubis secretly returned the mummy to his family for burial. Local people's normal production method: (1), immediately take out the most perishable internal organs. Usually, an incision is made on the left side of the corpse to remove all the internal organs such as liver, lung, stomach and intestine, and the brain marrow of the deceased is taken out from the nostril through the ethmoid bone, but the heart is not taken. Because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was an organ for thinking and understanding and must remain in the body. (2) To preserve the viscera and body cavity, firstly clean and disinfect them thoroughly with palm wine or date palm wine, then sprinkle a layer of mashed spices on the viscera and store them in four jars; For the disinfected body cavity, it is first filled with temporary fillers such as cloth-wrapped alkali soaking, and then soaked in dry alkali soaking powder for about 40 days. After draining the water, take out the filler and replace it with a cloth wrapped with crushed myrrh, cinnamon, alkali soaking and sawdust. Finally, carefully sew the knife edge and paste a piece of skin with Horace's eyes painted on it, because the ancient Egyptians thought this kind of skin had strong healing and protective power. (3) Apply a layer of ointment or rosin solution to the treated corpse, and then wrap fingers, palms, feet and stems with white linen in turn. The nose of the deceased is sometimes damaged by extracting brain marrow. At this time, a wooden fake nose should be installed, and the eye socket should be stuffed with cloth to make a fake eye. (4) Put the deceased's hands on his chest, put them in the sarcophagus, and sometimes add a coffin cover outside. In this way, a mummy is completed. Mummies found all over the world1In June, 954, a mausoleum was discovered again in Sakala. There is a box containing jewelry and gold jewelry in the tomb, which shows that the tomb has not been stolen. The coffin has no lid. Instead, it can be closed with a sliding lever. On June 9, Dr. Gorham solemnly opened the coffin. There's nothing in it, nothing. Mummies disappear quietly without their treasures? Rudenco, a Russian, found this tomb named Kurgan V 80 kilometers away from the Mongolian border. This is a stone pier lined with wood. All graves are filled with frozen ice, so everything in the graves is stored in a frozen environment. One of the graves contains an embalmed male body and a female body preserved in the same way. They have everything they need for future resurrection: food, clothes, jewelry and musical instruments. All this is frozen and well preserved, including naked mummies! People recognize the symbols in a tomb, which are quadrilateral symbols. Each symbol has six square pictures arranged in four rows, and its whole can be said to be a replica of the stone carpet in the Assyrian Palace in Nineveh, Iraq today! The strange image of the Sphinx, with complex horns on its head and wings on its back, is clearly visible, and its posture is flying. With the archaeological discovery in Mongolia, the motivation to expect a second spiritual life is almost untenable. The freezing method used in the tombs there-because the tombs filled with wood trees and ice involve such a method-is really suitable for ordinary life. Why do ancient people think-this question has repeatedly troubled us modern people-that the bodies treated like that by them meet the conditions that are said to be resurrected? This is a mystery for the time being. There is a rectangular tomb of 14× 12 square meters somewhere in China, which contains the bones of 17 men and 24 women, and the bones here have no characteristics of sudden death. There are glacier tombs in the Andes in western South America, frozen tombs in Siberia, collective tombs and single tombs in China and Sumer, and tombs in Egypt. Mummies have been unearthed in northern high latitudes and South Africa. The deceased has been carefully treated and prepared for resurrection in the future; The body is equipped with what is necessary for new life; Moreover, all tombs are designed and built very firmly and can withstand thousands of years of ups and downs. Is everything just an accident? Just an idea that popped into our ancestors' heads? That's really a strange idea! Or is there an ancient promise about shrinking the body that we don't know about? Who can make such a promise? In Jericho, Jordan, people excavated the tomb of 10000 years ago and found a head made of gypsum 8000 years ago. This is also surprising, because it is said that this nation knows nothing about pottery. Elsewhere in Jericho, people found rows of houses: the top of the wall tilted inward like a dome. The powerful carbon 14 can be used to determine the age of organic matter, and the data provided in our topic is as far as 10400. This data measured by scientific methods is quite consistent with the data sent by Egyptian priests. They said that their priests' pioneers have been performing their duties for more than1100000 years. Was it just an accident? The prehistoric megaliths in Roussac (Boitu, France) let people see a unique set of unearthed cultural relics: some pictures with characters, who are absolutely fashionable to wear. They wear hats, jackets or shorts. Abe breyer decided that these pictures were reliable, and his explanation overturned all prehistory. Who carved these stones? Today, who has such a rich imagination can imagine that there was a caveman wearing fur at that time. Is he the one who painted the figures of the 20th century on the wall? 1940, a magnificent stone age mural was found in Lascaux Grottoes in southern France. This gallery has attracted people's attention. It was so vibrant, so infectious and so well preserved that it immediately caused a sensation. This can't help but remind people of two problems: how to solve the lighting in the grottoes when the stone age artists were engaged in hard creative activities? Why decorate the walls of caves with these great pictures? If we regard these two questions as boring people, then we may point out the contradiction: the cavemen in the Stone Age were not civilized and primitive, and they could not draw a lot of beautiful pictures on the cave walls; But if primitive people can make these murals, why can't they build huts to live in? The smartest people think that animals were able to build nests and habitats millions of years ago. Obviously, the idea that modern people in that era mastered the same skills was not in this ideological category! Professor Kusrov found an ancient tomb about 12000 BC in the depths of Caracuta site in Gobi Desert, not far from the strange place where sand grains were glazed. This is a phenomenon that can only be produced by the strong action of heat. The bodies of two rich men were lying in the coffin, and a vertically divided ring was found on the coffin lid. In the Subi Mountains on the west coast of Borneo, people found many caves that expanded like cathedrals and crisscrossed like a grid. The cultural relics in the cave show that the age of the building is about 38000 BC. Among these amazing unearthed cultural relics are textiles. They are pure and soft. Today, we can't imagine how the original materials were made into such objects! These things are not hypothetical, they exist in large numbers: caves, tombs, coffins, mummies, ancient maps, buildings with great scientific and technological achievements and grotesque buildings, unconventional historical materials from different sources and so on. The first doubt is to enter the thinking mode of archaeology imperceptibly, but it must break the barrier and enter the bush jungle of the past era; People must reset milestones, even where it is possible to redefine a series of unchanging historical materials. One thing is clear: we don't doubt the history of nearly 2000 years! We are only talking about the most distant ancient times; It is only the deepest secret of the past, and we spare no effort to reveal it by asking new questions. We can't specify figures and data, pointing out when, from the primitive stage, extraterrestrial intelligent creatures visiting from space began to affect us on earth. However, we dare to doubt the time determined so far for distant ancient times! We estimate that we have generally tenable reasons, and the determination methods in the late Paleolithic period are quite different, including the gospel 14 carbon determination method, which is more than 5600 years old. Because the older the substance to be investigated, the less reliable the radiocarbon method is. Even some serious researchers tell us that they think the determination of carbon 14 is of little use, because when people use this method to determine organic matter between 30,000 and 50,000 years, they can set its age at will. We must listen to these serious opinions in a limited way-in any case, a second date determination method based on the most modern measuring instruments will appear in a short time, which will coexist with the carbon 14 determination method, which is undoubtedly worth our expectation.