? First, trim
? (1) Thinning: Cutting the dense and useless branches in the crown of a plant from the base is called Thinning.
? (2) Re-cutting: also known as strong cutting and re-cutting, that is, cutting off a large part of the branches, leaving 2-3 buds on the branches, which are suitable for long branches, so as to relax the tree and renew the branches.
? (3) Intermediate pruning: it is mostly used for pruning during the growth period of Chinese rose to promote the flowering of branches. Generally, the branches of12 are cut off, that is, the fifth bud at the flower bottom is cut off, and the remaining branches of about 25m have 5-6 buds.
? (4) Light shear: also known as weak shear. It is mainly used for pruning only 1 ~ 2 leaves under bud for small seedlings and weak seedlings. Light pruning is also suitable for micro-rose, cutting off about 1/3 branches to prevent excessive consumption of nutrients, which is conducive to showing the characteristics of lush flowers. The general principle of pruning is to cut off pests and diseases, weak branches, cross branches, heavy branches, straight branches and oblique branches. Weak trees, weak branches, strong trees and strong branches. Different varieties, different shapes, different pruning. The incision should be inclined at 1 cm above the full bud. Outward growing buds should be selected for cutting, not inward growing buds. Rose pruning can be roughly divided into dormancy pruning (winter pruning) and growth pruning (after flowering).
? 1, winter scissors. Pruning in winter determines the shaping of crown, the quality of flowering and the vigorous growth of trees in the next year. In the second half of June, 5438+February, the temperature drops around the winter to Sunday, and the rose will enter the dormant period in the body, so it should be pruned 1 time. Choose thick flower branches that grow in spring and summer, keep 2-3 full buds upward from the base, and cut off the rest. The weak branches, withered old branches, horizontal branches and budding fin branches of rootstocks should be cut off as much as possible. When pruning, we should also pay attention to the rational distribution of branches, keep the crown symmetrical and not biased, and sparse the branches inside the crown to improve the lighting conditions and keep ventilation and light transmission. When pruning, young plants should be lightly pruned, weak branches should be strongly pruned, and strong branches should be weakly pruned. The upright main branches should leave external buds to expand the main branches, so that the flowers will be more tidy after germination in the next spring. Roses can be prepared for winter after a lot of pruning.
? 2. Prune after flowering. Residual flowers must be removed after each withering. From mid-May of that year to "beginning of autumn", it can be pruned for three times, and the pruning method is slightly different each time, mainly depending on the growth of rose in different seasons. ? (1) Pruning after the first 1 flowering should be carried out in the middle and late May, and the residual flowers should be cut off in time to concentrate nutrition, sprout new branches and make the second flowering big and beautiful. For strong branches, 4-5 buds can be lightly cut to appropriately inhibit their growth; For moderately developed branches, cut 2-3 buds in the middle and cut off the upper part; Weak branches should be pruned, leaving only 1-2 buds to promote their germination and strong branches. In this way, due to the different pruning degrees on different new branches, the plant types will be balanced and the phenomenon of uneven branch types or excessive growth will be avoided. When pruning, it should be noted that the cut should be 0.5- 1cm above the bud. Too high will not only affect the appearance, but also delay the germination of branches. (2) Pruning after the second flowering should be carried out from the second sentence in June to the last sentence in July. At this time, pruning should be done lightly when the plants are weak in midsummer, and only at the second leaf under the residual flowers. It is not necessary to cut off too many branches and leaves to avoid reducing the photosynthetic area, but the residual flowers and branches should be removed in time. (3) The third post-flowering pruning is carried out from late August to early September. But leave 2~3 buds on each branch. In order to take care of the balance of plant shape, cut off the last batch of flowering branches, remove overlapping and too dense branches, and ensure ventilation and light transmission. These flowers can last until the first frost. As the temperature drops, the Chinese rose stops growing and enters a long dormant period. After this kind of flowering, usually only the residual flowers are cut off or not, in order to concentrate nutrition, enrich branches and prepare for winter.
? 3. Precautions for pruning. In the process of pruning, we should master it flexibly according to the specific situation of each plant. If the tree is weak, it can be improved by thinning flowers, flowering less and branching more; Some trees with unbalanced crowns should pay special attention to pruning the direction of buds and adjusting the distribution of branches. In addition, no matter what kind of Chinese rose pruning, special attention should be paid to updating pruning. The main method is to carefully cultivate the long branches growing from the stem base, so that the main branches of plants can be updated every year. The specific method is to select long branches with reasonable positions, cut them off at appropriate heights and cultivate new branches. When the new branches grow vigorously, you can replace the old branches at the corresponding positions at any time, and then pull out the old branches from the base. It should be noted that the long branches germinated in late autumn can't mature in that year, and are vulnerable to freezing injury in winter, so they should be pulled out at any time to avoid wasting nutrients. Pruning plays a role in shaping, controlling flowers and regulating tree potential. Through pruning, reasonable arrangement of branches, full use of space, ventilation and light transmission of the crown, beautiful crown shape, so that nutrients can be supplied to the flower branches in a centralized way, and the effects of strong branches, lush leaves and colorful flowers can be achieved.
? Second, water.
Rose is a semi-drought-tolerant flower, so it should be watered both wet and dry. The watering of rose should be flexibly controlled according to different growth and development stages, seasonal changes, air temperature, air humidity and soil properties. The principle of "three watering and three no watering" should be followed: three watering means watering in March in spring, watering in September in autumn, and watering during hibernation in June 5438+February. No watering means no watering for germination, no watering for flowering and no watering for leaves. Water should be poured 1 times before germination, and sufficient water should be supplied during the vegetative period of spreading leaves and long branches. When the flower bud differentiation period changes from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, water should be properly controlled to prevent sterile buds from growing white. Watering should be less during flowering to prevent flowers from dying prematurely. Water should be done at dusk in midsummer. Fill frozen water before winter, and then fill spring water after the soil thaws. Loosen the soil in time to prevent soil hardening. Rose is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and drainage and waterlogging prevention should be done well.
? Third, fertilization.
Fertilization should be based on the season and growth stage to master the original of frequent application, less application and light application. In March, 40g/m2 compound fertilizer can be applied to Chinese rose before germination in early spring, but it is not suitable to apply fertilizer during germination and leaf release. In mid-April, 1 times organic fertilizer and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed on the leaves 5-7 days before germination, among which 1 times 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed, and the second time was 0.13% ~ 0./kl. Fertilization is not suitable at full flowering stage. In June and September, topdressing 1 times before axillary buds sprout. During the high temperature period from July to August, the rose is close to semi-dormancy, so it is not suitable for fertilization or less fertilization. Fertilization should be stopped in autumn to avoid freezing injury of autumn shoots in winter. Organic fertilizer 1 time can be applied in February, and no fertilization is needed in winter dormancy period. Several points should be paid attention to when applying fertilizer to roses: available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are suitable for topdressing in growth period, and organic fertilizer is the main base fertilizer; Smeared on the periphery of the crown diameter of the rose with a depth of 20-30cm；; According to the growth of Chinese rose, 0.05% trace fertilizers such as borax and manganese sulfate can be sprayed on the leaves; Foliar fertilizer should be carried out in the morning and evening when the temperature is low and there is no wind, focusing on spraying new shoots, leaves and leaf backs; Weak plants should be applied with thin fertilizer several times to prevent fertilizer damage.
? Fourth, greenhouse flower control.
? 1, temperature control. According to the weather conditions, control the temperature in the greenhouse not to exceed 28℃ and not to be lower than 15℃. If the temperature is too high, it needs ventilation to cool down; If the temperature is too low, the ventilation will be stopped.
? 2. Humidity control. Control the humidity below 75%, and ventilate when the humidity is too high. By setting the ventilation switch to control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse in time, it can also prevent and control pests and diseases and exhaust the dirty and harmful gases in the greenhouse. The optimum temperature for the growth of Chinese rose is 25~28℃, and the temperature in the shed should be resolutely prevented from reaching above 30℃. So a thermometer should be hung in the middle of each greenhouse. The number of vents depends on the area of scaffolding. The larger the area, the more vents there are. Vents open at 7: 00 ~ 9: 00 am and close at 4: 30 ~ 5: 30 pm. The size of the vent and whether it rains should be adjusted according to the temperature and humidity in the shed.
? Five, pest control
Prevention: spraying carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl every 10 day; Pests are mainly controlled by scale insects and aphids. Scale insects are sprayed quickly, and aphids are sprayed with imidacloprid wettable powder.
? Sixth, weeding
Manually weed on time.