Jigong (1 130- 1209), formerly known as Li Xiuyuan, was born in Tiantai, a Buddhist monk in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his legal name was Daoji. His great-great grandfather Li Zunxu is our military envoy in Song Taizong. The Li family has believed in Buddhism for generations. Father Li Maochun and mother Wang live in Yongning village outside the north gate of Tiantai. Li Maochun is nearly forty years old and has no children under his knees. He prayed devoutly to the Buddha and finally got his son. After Jigong was born, the abbot of the International Temple gave him a common name, Xiu Yuan. Since then, he has forged an indissoluble bond with Buddhism.

Jigong Living Buddha is a legend known to Hangzhou people for thousands of years. In the eyes of Hangzhou people, the image of Jigong is a popular mad monk wearing a tattered monk's hat, a tattered cassock and a tattered cattail fan. He is neither a monk nor a beggar, but he is crazy, humorous and resourceful, and "specializes in human injustice." There are many legends about Jigong, most of which are related to West Lake in Hangzhou. According to legend, Jigong was born in Tiantai, Zhejiang Province in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his common name was Li Xiuyuan. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he became a monk in Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, and his legal name was Daoji. He doesn't obey the precepts and likes to drink and eat dog meat. Later, he moved to Nanshan Jingci Temple and became a clerk (clerical) monk. On one occasion, a fire in Jingci Temple destroyed the Hall of the Great Hero. He was entrusted by the abbot to raise money to build a temple. After three days of drunkenness, he shouted, "Here comes the big wood! You can take it from the well! Sure enough, a big tree spewed out from the bottom of the temple. People in the temple quickly took out more than 60 big trees with a round diameter of more than five feet and a length of seven or eight feet from the well. Later, the abbot said enough, the big tree no longer appeared, and a big tree that was about to leave the well did not move. In today's "Shenyun Well" in Jingci Temple (also known as "Mu Yun Ancient Well"), you can also see the big wooden end face on the water in the well. Once, Jigong predicted that a hill would fly from the west in front of Lingyin Temple. In order to save the lives of the villagers in the village in front of the temple, he used the method of "monks robbing the bride" in desperation, which made the villagers hurry to save the bride, thus avoiding the bad luck of being crushed to death by the mountain peak. This is the story of Feilaifeng. Once, Jigong passed by the West Lake and saw that many residents had cut their tails and were ready to eat. Jigong begged the residents for these snails and put them in the West Lake. These tailless snails are all alive. Since then, many tailless snails have grown in the West Lake. Today, snails without tails are still growing in the mountains and streams around Tiger Run and Xixi. Legend has it that Jigong himself released "old things". Today, a stream in front of the tiger running temple often dried up in ancient times. Holding a broken cattail leaf fan, Jigong repeatedly shouted, "Get up, get up! ""The stream gushes out at once, never stops and never dries up.

Su Dongpo and Hangzhou

Su Dongpo was an outstanding great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo was born in a scholarly family in Meishan, Sichuan Province on December 19th, the third year of the summer calendar in Song Renzong, namely 1036, 15438+0065438 (calculated by Gregorian calendar). Su Dongpo was originally named Su Shi. Dongpo named himself when he later lived in Huangzhou (Huanggang, Hubei). Su Dongpo lived in poverty after living in Huangzhou. When his good friend Ma Zhengqing knew about it, he invited the government to reclaim a piece of wasteland of tens of acres for him to increase some income. Therefore, the wasteland is in the east of the old camp in the county, so Su Dongpo named it "Dongpo" and also named it "Dongpo layman". & ltBR & gt Su Dongpo entered primary school at the age of eight, and successively studied under Taoist Zhang and his father Su Xun. At the age of 22 (AD 1057), he was admitted as a scholar. At the age of 26 (A.D. 106 1), she began to enter the official career. His first stop was Fengxiang, Shaanxi, where he was appointed as a judge. In Song Dynasty, the official system was divided into three types: official, official and poor. The first two are empty positions, not real positions. Only "dispatch" is the actual location. "Sign" means "send". Signing a judgment is the abbreviation of "signing a book and judging the official business". After that, he traveled to more than ten cities in the north and south. Su Dongpo had a rough life and was demoted many times. Even so, Su Dongpo tried his best to do many things beneficial to the people. From the time he was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang House to the time he was demoted to Danzhou in his later years, all the places where he served as an official or lived left more or less achievements, which were praised and praised by generations. Below I will focus on the achievements and anecdotes left by Su Dongpo during his tenure as a local official in Hangzhou. & ltBR & gt Su Dongpo has been to Hangzhou twice in his life as a local official. The first time was from the fourth year of Ning Zaixi (AD 107 1) to the seventh year of Xining (AD 1074), when Su Dongpo was 36 years old. (Reasons for coming to Hangzhou: In A.D. 1069, Zongshen used Wang Anshi, which started the famous political reform movement in history. Su Dongpo was falsely accused and framed by some reformists because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. Su Dongpo felt in a difficult situation and wanted to leave the imperial court to be a local official, so he was sentenced to Hangzhou in A.D. 107 1 year. Because Su Dongpo is the assistant officer of the satrap, not the chief executive, he did not do much during his three years in office except assisting the satrap to build six wells, organizing locust catching and helping the victims, but he left many well-known poems about the West Lake. & ltBR & gt was in Yuan You for four years (A.D. 1089) and in Yuan You for six years (A.D. 109 1) for the second time, and served as a satrap. During Su Dongpo's two years in office, he mainly did the following things: The first thing was that Su Dongpo had just arrived in Hangzhou and encountered a serious natural disaster. It turned out that the area around western Zhejiang was flooded at the beginning of the year, and early rice could not be planted. Just after the late rice was planted in May and June, it suffered from drought, and the price of rice soared at that time. Therefore, the phenomenon of people lacking food is very serious. After learning the details, Su Dongpo immediately put himself into disaster relief work. He appealed to the court one after another, hoping to immediately allocate a considerable amount of food to relieve the people in western Zhejiang, and also asked the court to exempt the autumn tax. On the other hand, Su Dongpo thinks that the system of permanent liquidation is far better than the relief after the famine, so he keeps buying millet to enrich the granary to cope with the famine year. In half a year, Su Dongpo gave the Empress Dowager and the imperial court seven * * * books (the first two chapters are called "The First and Second Disasters in West Zhejiang"). The latter five are called "stage preparation mitigation forms"). Due to various effective measures taken by Su Dongpo, the people in western Zhejiang did not starve to death in the second year. & ltBR & gt The second thing Su Dongpo did in Hangzhou was that people suffered from severe famine and plague due to floods and droughts. Su Dongpo set aside 2,000 yuan from public funds and donated 520 taels of gold to establish the earliest public hospital in Hangzhou history-"Anlefang" in Zhong Qiao 'an, the center of Hangzhou. "Anlefang" specializes in taking in poor patients, giving them medicine and porridge, and inviting famous doctor Pang Anshi to sit in the classroom for consultation. In addition, Su Dongpo also established several other hospitals, and often sent officials and doctors to the hospitals to treat patients. & ltBR & gt The third thing is to care about the water consumption of Hangzhou residents and clean up the canal silt in Hangzhou urban area. In wuyue's time, a long wall was built along the coast to prevent the tide from entering the canal, so as not to pollute the fresh water in the city with sea salt. However, the long wall was in disrepair when Su Dongpo was the satrap. At that time, there were two canals in Hangzhou-Yanqiao River (middle reaches) and Maoshan River (Dongjiang River). They pass through the city from north to south, and directly connect with Qiantang Bay at the gate, and mix with the water phase of Qiantang Bay, so there is a lot of silt. Generally, the riverbed of a canal needs dredging once every four or five years. Because there were no modern machines in those days, the silt dug out of the river bed was directly piled at the gates of those residents on the shore. To make matters worse, the traffic situation, at that time, it took a boat several days to get out of the city. So, on the basis of investigation and study, Su Dongpo drew up a scheme that can cure both the symptoms and the root causes. He let the Yanqiao River cross the urban area and let the seawater flow into the Maoshan River from other places. In addition, a sluice was built on the south bank of Qiantang River, which was closed at high tide and released at low tide. The two canals meet in the north of the city. In this way, the sediment brought by the tide is reduced, and the Maoshan River flows for three or four miles in the eastern suburbs. Of course, the sediment has settled and the water in the city is almost clean. Subsequently, Su Dongpo opened a new canal outside Yuhang Gate in the north of the city, which was connected with the West Lake, ensuring the water level of the canal in the city. This method of dredging Maoshan and Yanqiao canals is very effective. It not only makes the water depth of the canal reach eight feet, but also eliminates siltation. In addition, it has greatly reduced the pollution of urban waters. As important as canal traffic is the water problem of Hangzhou people. As we all know, Hangzhou is formed by the long-term accumulation of rivers and seas, so apart from mountain springs, the native water is bitter and salty and can't be drunk. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, Li Mi took water from the West Lake and dug the Qiantang six wells, which solved the drinking water problem of residents. When Bai Juyi was in charge of the secretariat of Hangzhou, he reorganized six wells. By the time Su Dongpo sent a message to Hangzhou, most of these six wells had been blocked, and the well water was turbid and smelly, making it unusable. Therefore, Su Dongpo and Taishou stated that six wells was rehabilitated again, and they wrote the article Qiantang six wells Ji. When Su Dongpo came to Hangzhou for the second time, six wells was in disrepair. So he decided to punish six wells again. Because this well treatment has made a big step forward in engineering technology compared with the last time, and a new well has been drilled, residents who have been farthest from the well can also drink well water nearby. Today, there is only one "Guo Xiang Well" among these six wells, which is on Jiefang Road in Hang Cheng. & ltBR & gt The fourth thing is to harness the West Lake and build a long embankment. When Su Dongpo first came to Hangzhou, the West Lake was blocked by 20% to 30%. 15 years later, when Su Dongpo visited the West Lake in Hangzhou for the second time, he found that half of the West Lake was blocked and deserted. He thought that in 20 years, the West Lake would be completely submerged. After investigation and reconnaissance, Su Dongpo was determined to transform the West Lake. Therefore, he presented the throne of "Seeking the West Lake in Hangzhou" to Zhezong. In the memorial, he first pointed out the grim situation of the West Lake. Secondly, he pointed out the importance of the West Lake from five aspects: fish farming, water storage, irrigation, navigation aid and wine making. With the approval of Zhezong, Su Dongpo began to dredge the West Lake. Unexpectedly, there was a problem as soon as the project started, that is, the fertile land of the West Lake was very large at that time, so where should the dredged sludge be placed? If it is piled on the shore, it will be very labor-consuming and time-consuming. Later, Su Dongpo considered that the southern foot of the West Lake was 30 miles away from the northern foot, which was inconvenient for their communication, so he decided to build a long embankment (2.8 kilometers long) across the north and south of the West Lake, which could not only remove silt, but also facilitate traffic. Then, Su Dongpo built six bridges (the six bridges are Yingbo Bridge, Suolan Bridge, Wangshan Bridge, Dike Bridge, Dongpu Bridge and Crossing Hongqiao, which we Hangzhou people usually call "Six Suspension Bridges") and nine pavilions, and also planted hibiscus and willow trees on the embankment. In the sixth year of Yuan You, Su Dongpo's successor came to Hangzhou, and wrote the monument of Su Gongdi in Hangzhou. In memory of Su Dongpo, later generations called this long dike "Su Causeway". And "Su Causeway Xiao Chun" has become one of today's "Ten Scenes of West Lake". Another scene in the "Ten Scenes of West Lake", "Santan Mingyue", is also closely related to Su Dongpo. In order to eliminate the siltation of the West Lake fundamentally, Su Dongpo endowed Ling with the lake and built three small stone pagodas on it. It is forbidden to plant aquatic plants such as water chestnut and water bamboo in the waters of stone pagoda. Later, these three small stone pagodas evolved into today's famous "three pools printing the moon". & ltBR & gt Su Dongpo, in Hangzhou, in addition to being diligent and loving the people, he also loved mountains and rivers very much and made extensive friends, leaving many stories and anecdotes. & ltBR & gt When Su Dongpo was sentenced to Hangzhou, he had a good relationship with the Qin Hui monk in Gushan. Every time he visits a monk in Qin Hui, Qin Hui will entertain him with spring water to make tea. When Su Dongpo came to Hangzhou for the second time, Qin Hui had already died. So Su Dongpo named this spring "June 1st Spring". It is called "June 1st Spring" because both Qin Hui and Su Dongpo admire Ouyang Xiu, a laity on June 1st, hence the name. & ltBR & gt There is a famous dish "Dongpo Meat" in Hangzhou, which, as the name implies, is related to Su Dongpo. At that time, in order to thank Su Dongpo for his achievements in managing the West Lake and building long dikes, the people of Hangzhou went to Hangzhou to comfort Su Dongpo, carrying pigs and wine, wearing red and hanging green, beating gongs and drums. Su Dongpo was very moved when he learned that, but he refused to accept the gift. But the people just refused, saying, "If you don't accept it, you won't leave." Su Dongpo had no choice but to write down the names of these people before accepting the gifts. After everyone left, Su Dongpo asked the chef to divide the pork by name, and then taught him how to stew meat in his hometown. After stewing, he mixed the juice with ginger, pepper, soy sauce, vinegar, onion and other condiments and sent it door to door, saying that it was to let the people in Hangzhou taste the taste of Master Su's hometown. Hangzhou people who have never eaten such fresh, tender, fragrant, crisp and fat pork are even more appreciative, so they call it "Dongpo Meat". Later, some restaurants in Hangzhou imitated Dongpo meat very well, and then other restaurants followed suit. As a result, Dongpo meat has become one of the top ten traditional dishes in Hang Cheng. & ltBR & gt Another story is about drawing a story about a fan's judgment. One day, Su Dongpo was sitting in front of the court case, and an old man came to complain that a fan maker not only borrowed his money, but also hit people. After that, I also handed in an iou. Su Dongpo saw the iou and felt that the evidence was conclusive. He immediately called the fan maker to the front of the hall and asked him why he didn't pay back the money. The fan maker said that his family makes fans, and it has been raining for several months since this spring. 9./kloc-When it started to get cold in October, the fans made could not be sold and there was no money to pay their debts. It was not that I didn't want to pay them back. As for beating people, he said it was because the old people hated him for not paying back the money, so they insulted his dead father. So he slapped the old man in a rage. When Su Dongpo knew what had happened, he told the fan maker to go home and bring the fan, saying that it was sold for him. When the fan maker heard about it, he immediately ran home and brought twenty silk fans to Su Dongpo. In a short time, Su Dongpo painted all kinds of clouds, mountains and rivers, strange rocks, dead trees, bamboos, etc. on the silk fan, and also inscribed regular script, official script and other fonts. Then give him to the fan maker and let him take it back to pay his debts. Later, when the fan maker walked out of the house with a round fan, he was snapped up by people who had already waited outside the door at a high price. In this way, fans not only paid off their debts, but also scraped. & ltBR & gt "If you want daffodils to recommend autumn chrysanthemum, stay overseas students in the West Lake for a long time". Su Dongpo came to Hangzhou twice. Renzheng personally took the lead and achieved outstanding achievements, which won the admiration and love of Hangzhou people. In order to thank Su Dongpo for his good deeds in Hangzhou, the people built shrines and monuments for him, and many people still hang his portrait. Nowadays, in order to commemorate Su Dongpo, Hangzhou people named two pavilions near Lingyin Cold Spring Pavilion as "Spring Pavilion" and "Gulei Pavilion", taking Su Dongpo's poetic thoughts of "There is a vulture spring on the West Lake" and "Thunder jumps into the valley". There are two other roads, Dongpo Road and Shi Xue Road, which are also named in memory of Su Dongpo.

Legend of West Lake

In ancient times, there lived a fairy on each side of the Tianhe River. The one in the east is called Yulong, and the one in the west is called Jinfeng. They are very close and play together every day.

One morning, they got up early, Yulong got into the river, Jinfeng flew into the sky, swam and flew, and unconsciously came to a fairy island.

"Yulong, Yulong!" Jinfeng suddenly cried, "Look how beautiful this stone is!" It's really a sparkling stone! Yulong said happily, "Jinfeng, we have found the fairy stone. If we can grind it into a round bead, I believe it will become more radiant. " At that time, it may become the most precious treasure between heaven and earth. "

So Yulong and Jinfeng immediately polished the fairy stone into round beads. They also found the water in Tianhe, washed it brighter and made it the most beautiful thing between heaven and earth.

This matter was known by the greedy queen mother. She sent a confidant to steal the orb one night and locked it in the palace. One day, the Queen Mother celebrated her birthday. During the dinner, she took out the treasure, opened her eyes and looked at all the immortals. They were all surprised.

Yulong and Jinfeng didn't attend the party that day. However, when they were sitting on the fairy island and crying, they suddenly found a light falling from the sky. They think this kind of light is very similar to the light emitted by a sphere. So, they followed the light to the fairy palace and found that the orb was actually in the hands of the heavenly queen. They were so angry that they rushed to grab the orb. The Queen Mother refused to let go and tried her best to protect her. Gal, orb unexpectedly which were ga zi ng fell to the world.

Yulong and Jinfeng hurried to catch up, but it was too late. The ball has touched the ground, and in a blink of an eye, it has become a crystal clear lake-West Lake. Yulong and Jinfeng could not bear to leave it, so they became two peaks on the West Lake-Yulong Mountain and Phoenix Mountain, guarding this pearl embedded in the land of China-West Lake day and night.

The History and Legend of West Lake in Hangzhou

Speaking of the origin of the West Lake, there are many beautiful myths and legends and folk stories. Legend has it that a long time ago, Yulong and Jinfeng in the sky found a piece of white jade on Xiandao near the Milky Way. They pondered together for many years, and white jade became a bright pearl. Wherever this orb goes, trees are evergreen and flowers are in full bloom. However, when the orb was discovered by the Queen Mother, the Queen Mother sent heavenly soldiers to take it away. Yulong and Jinfeng hurried to get the orb, but the Queen Mother refused, so a fight broke out. As soon as the Queen Mother's hand was released, the pearl fell to the ground and became a sparkling West Lake. Yulong and Jinfeng also descended to the world and became Yulong Mountain (Jade Emperor Mountain) and Phoenix Mountain, guarding the West Lake forever.

In fact, West Lake is a lagoon. According to historical records, as far back as the Qin Dynasty, West Lake was still a bay connected with Qiantang River. Wu Shan and Baoshi Mountain, towering in the north and south of the West Lake, were two headlands that surrounded the cove at that time. Later, due to the influence of tides, sediment accumulated at two headlands and gradually became sandbars. Since then, the sandbar has expanded in three directions: east, south and north. Finally, Wu Shan and the sandbars of Baoshi Mountain are connected to form an alluvial plain, which separates the bay from Qiantang River, and the original bay becomes an inner lake, thus the West Lake was born.

The name "West Lake" originated in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, the West Lake was named Wulin Water, Ming Sheng Lake, Jinniu Lake, Longchuan, Ganyuan, Qiantang Lake and Shang Hu. In the Song Dynasty, when Su Dongpo was guarding Hangzhou, he sang poems in praise of the West Lake, saying, "The water is bright and beautiful. It's rainy in the mountains. Compared with West Lake and West Lake, it is always appropriate to make up for it. " The poet skillfully compared the West Lake to the beauty stone in the ancient legend of China, so the West Lake was nicknamed "Xizi Lake".