First of all, let's look at the specific situation at that time.
Prewar background:
Since the political reform, the strength of Qin has been the best in the world through the management of Qin and Qin Zhaowang himself. With the power of etiquette, Qin is bent on destroying the six countries and unifying the world. South Korea is the only place for Qin to enter the Central Plains, so Qin's strategy towards South Korea is the focus.
In 262 BC, Qin Jun occupied the Wild King and cut off the contact between Shangdang County and South Korea. Hanwang asked Feng Ting to dedicate Shangdang County to Qin in exchange for Qin's surrender. Patriotic Feng Ting hated the State of Qin and didn't want it to be cheap in vain. He changed hands and gave Shangdang to Zhao, hoping that Zhao would come forward against Qin.
From Zhao's point of view, Shangdang County can't be refused.
Since King Wuling of Zhao rode and shot in Khufu, Zhao, like Qin, has strengthened Mazhuang and expanded its territory everywhere. I am not satisfied with the hegemony of Qin, and neither am I. I have the idea of a showdown.
Qin's ambition to govern the country is well known. It launched several wars against Sanjin. Qin and fought bloody battles. Now the capture of Shangdang County has seriously touched Zhao's sensitive nerves. If Shangdang falls into the hands of the Qin people, Zhao will open the door wide and there is no danger to defend.
In view of the ambition of Qin State and the importance of Shangdang County, Zhao accepted Shangdang County. From Zhao's point of view, even if Zhao doesn't want to go to Shangdang County, Qin and Zhao will fight to the death sooner or later and simply take Shangdang County.
When Qin learned that Zhao had accepted Shangdang County, he flew into a rage. Zhao is cruel to others. Openly snatched Shangdang County from Qin. What do you think of Qin in the future? Does Qin still have the face to mix among the princes? Therefore, Qin people not only want to recapture Shangdang, but also attack Zhao, giving them evil spirits.
In 26 1 year BC, Qin Jun attacked Korea and captured the Han Bookstore to deter Korea.
Zhao lost in the first battle:
In 260 BC, Wang Bi led the troops to capture Shangdang County. According to Tai Shigong's records, Shangdang people fled to Zhao. What did Qin Jun do? Taishi Gong didn't say. It must be extremely barbaric, otherwise Shangdang people would not escape into Zhao.
After Wang Bi captured Shangdang, he killed Changping of Zhao, and Lian Po was ordered to lead Zhao to fight.
Lian Po, who grew up in the riding and shooting team of King Wuling of Zhao, is a cavalry general with many achievements and good attack.
In April 260 BC, Lian Po took the initiative to attack Qin Jun as soon as he saw Wang Bi. After two months of fighting, Zhao Jun was defeated in June. When Lian Po saw this, he built fortifications and couldn't get out of the high base. However, after another attack, Zhao's fortifications were broken one after another.
Battle-hardened Lian Po's eyes are discerning, and he is convinced that Qin Jun has come from afar. The transportation of grain and grass is extremely difficult, and he has made up his mind to fight a war of attrition.
However, during this period, it was reported that Qin Jun collected water from civilian workers to clear channels and transport food. Although Qin Jun has a long way to transport grain, it has the advantage of water transportation, and its convenience exceeds Zhaojun's. Moreover, there are many grain producing areas in Qin, and the output far exceeds that of Zhao. Lian Po's insistence on consuming Qin Jun has become an empty talk.
So Zhao fell into the dilemma of losing the first battle and failing to attack and defend.
Zhao's failed diplomacy;
The original six countries in the East? Union? After the outbreak of the Qin-Zhao war in Changping, other countries followed suit? Union? get ready
Zhao's first battle was unfavorable and difficult to defeat at his own expense, so he paid attention to diplomatic channels. However, Zhao Wang did not actively join. Instead, he sent Zheng Zhu (person's name) as a special envoy to the State of Qin to make peace.
Qin has many diplomatic experts, some of whom are Lian Heng's methods. Yes, Zheng Zhu, who came to make peace, answered? Extremely grand? , deliberately spread the Qin Zhao negotiations and peace all over the world.
The three kingdoms of Qi, Chu and Wei heard that Qin and Zhao negotiated peace, but they were no longer so enthusiastic about the alliance and turned a blind eye to the direction of the war. Zhao, the victim of pain, is not in a hurry. What's his hurry? Later, Zhao sent people to borrow grain from Qi and ask Wei for help, but they all ran into a wall and returned disappointed.
Zhao Kuo went to war;
In the battle of Changping, Zhao needed a lot of grain and grass, but the grain output of Zhao was not high enough to supply the front. Go to Qi to borrow food, but Qi won't give it.
Lian Po's defeat and lack of food worried Zhao. Anxious, Zhao had the impulse to make a final decision and solve the war once and for all.
Zhao has many military talents, including Lian Po, Zhao She, Li Mu, etc. However, at the time of the battle of Changping, Le Yi was old and was recovering from illness and could not play; Lian Po was defeated by the spirit of Qin Jun, which has been of great use; Zhao She is dead, and Li Mu is still growing. Therefore, Wang Zhao has no choice.
After consideration, the prince of Zhao finally chose Zhao Kuo to play. Zhao Kuo's specific talents have been difficult to verify. But it can make the prince of Zhao value, and Le Yi and Lian Po are convinced. Zhao Kuo must have a brush. Even if he is not a genius like Zhao She, he is definitely not a legendary mediocrity.
As for it? Theoretically? Zhao Kuo was completely hacked by later generations.
First of all, Zhao Kuo was born without paper. How can he be an armchair strategist? Secondly, Zhao Kuo is said to be a young man, wet behind the ears and inexperienced. However, according to research, this is not the case.
According to research, Zhao Kuo was about forty years old when he sent troops. Zhao lived for about 60 years. Judging from the age of marriage in those days, Zhao Kuo should be about 40 years old.
Tai Shigong said that Zhao She taught Zhao Kuo by example. Zhao She has won several battles. How can he not take Zhao Kuo to the scene to help with his work? Since Zhao Kuo has been on the battlefield, how can he have no actual combat experience? To say the least, if there is really no actual combat experience, Prince Zhao Can can rest assured that he will bet on the National Games. Obviously, Zhao Kuo is a mature general, otherwise the prince of Zhao would not let him go to the front to take risks.
Qin Jun coached Tian Lei:
Zhao Kuo took Zhao to kill, and Qin learned about it through spies. Qin, like Zhao, wanted to make a final decision and kill Zhao.
The king of Qin won her virginity with Qin Xiang, taboo, put it on the shelf, and left it idle to support the elderly. This time, for the sake of Changping, the King of Qin and Qin Xiang decided to put aside their prejudices and start Tian Lei.
So Qin secretly sent to Changping and told him that Zhao of Zhao Kuo would take the initiative to attack. Tian Lei, with white temples, returned to the battlefield with asymmetric information advantages.
Qin Zhao decisive battle:
Zhao Kuo is very efficient. As soon as he arrived in Changping, he acted immediately. Busy dispatching troops and personnel. However, the more efficient Zhao Kuo is, the closer it is to failure.
Zhao Kuo's operational deployment is aimed at Wang Bi. If Wang Bi was still the main commander, Zhao Kuo would be deified in World War I. Sadly, Wang Bi's main position was replaced by Bai Qi.
Tian Lei not only took Wang Bi's place unnoticed, but also learned that Zhao Kuo had come at the king's behest and would certainly take the initiative.
Tian Lei knows this, and the rest is too simple. As long as Tian Lei deduces according to Wang Bi's previous style, he can figure out Zhao Kuo's battle plan in 7788, and then suit the remedy to the case.
Zhao's fiasco:
After Zhao Kuo deployed, he attacked Wang Bi.
Zhao Kuo's research on Wang Bi has a long history, which can be described as well-prepared. In order to ensure the destruction of Wang Bi in World War I, Zhao Kuo concentrated all his forces and even took the troops behind him to the flank. Zhao Kuo firmly believes that Wang Bi will not send troops to attack his back.
After Zhao Kuo launched the attack, it was very hard in the early stage? Shun? .
When Zhao entered the predetermined position, his resistance suddenly became tenacious and stubborn. Zhao Kuo's intuition told himself that things had changed.
News came that Wu Meng and Mausoleum defeated 30,000 Qin Jun composed of cavalry and chariots, cutting off Zhao Kuo's back road. Zhao Kuo fully understood, Tian Leixian quietly replaced Wang Bi, and then framed himself.
However, everything is too late. Using the old fortifications built by Lian Po, the Li Lu in Zhao was cut off and the Zhao army was besieged. Zhao Kuo helpless, can only stay on the spot.
To Zhao Kuo's despair, when Zhao of Handan came to help, Tian Lei's reinforcements came.
Zhao Haoqi of the State of Qin called all the men of school age in the country to the front line to help Tian Lei. He also threatened Wei and Qi not to save Zhao. Tian Lei's reinforcements defeated Zhao Kuo's reinforcements, while Zhao Kuo didn't see any reinforcements from beginning to end.
The besieged Zhao Kuo actively saved itself. After a month and a half of fierce fighting, a large number of Qin soldiers were killed, but the encirclement of Tian Lei was never broken. In the end, Zhao Kuo himself died in battle. Zhao ran out of food and surrendered to survive.
Fell to death by a pit:
According to the rules of war in the Warring States period, personal safety can only be guaranteed if you lay down your arms and surrender. After all, the vassal States belong to the Huaxia nationality and belong to the Zhou Dynasty. Qin is called the country of tigers and wolves. However, Qin Jun has always abided by the rules of the game, and there has never been a precedent of slaughter and surrender.
But what has Qin Jun's battle phalanx been like since Qin Xiang Fan Sui came to power? Attack land? Attack people? Combination. That is to say, on the one hand, Qin Jun seized the land of the vassal state, on the other hand, it reduced the population of the vassal state.
Remember the prologue of the battle of Changping? Shangdang county people have defected to Zhao. During the Warring States period, wars were commonplace, and people were used to it. Mass flight is extremely rare. Presumably, the reason is that Qin Jun implemented it? Attack people? Evil tactics. Qin Jun's specific operation is a direct massacre, or something else is unknown, but poisoning is certain.
Tian Lei was a soldier. He listened to the orders of the King of Qin, who listened to Fan Sui's political views. So, in? Attack people? On the premise of slaughter and surrender, the order came. Design from scratch, mean? Pit killing? Zhao Jun lost 400,000.
According to research, Zhao Jun is only a part of the figure of 400,000. It includes not only Zhaojun's soldiers and auxiliary soldiers, but also Zhaojun's logistics personnel and arrested Shangdang people.
This statement should be credible, and there is still a kind of food circulating around Shangdang. What's its name? White meat? .
Zhao Kuo's hatred:
1, comprehensive situation at that time, Zhao She has been trained by Zhao Kuo as a successor, which is recognized by Zhao Kuo.
We know that Zhao Kuo has studied many art books since he was a child. After growing up and working in the army for a long time, Li Mu was promoted by Zhao Kuo. After Zhao She's death, Zhao Kuo inherited Zhao She's position in the army.
If Zhao Kuo is just a boastful mediocrity, will Zhao let him go? Take over? You can choose another man from home. This shows that Zhao Kuo is desirable in Zhao She's view. But in Zhao She's eyes, is Zhao Kuo mediocre?
2. Zhao Kuo is a mature general, not a white man on the battlefield.
As mentioned earlier, Zhao Kuo was a middle-aged man of about 40 years old when he sent troops for a long time. People of this age were mature in all aspects at that time.
With the status of Zhao Kuo family, he has a wide range of knowledge, is famous for his father's life, and has deep attainments in the military.
3. Zhao Kuo's personal qualities are excellent.
In the battle of Changping, Zhao's comprehensive strength was weaker than Qin's, and Zhao's strength was weaker than that of Qin Jun's. The first two months were very bad, and veteran Lian Po lost in succession, which dampened the morale of the people of Zhao. Zhao in the rear is not optimistic about the war situation.
As a noble family, the Zhao Kuo family is already very expensive. Even if Zhao Kuo does nothing, he can guarantee the family's fame and fortune. There is no need to take risks in Changping.
However, Zhao Kuo went to war. From this, we can see Zhao Kuo's feelings of home and country regardless of gains and losses.
4. Killing the enemy is meritorious.
After the siege of Zhao Kuo, the army was effectively organized, and there was no incident of soldiers fleeing and internal division, which has to be said to be a miracle. Even more amazing, Zhao Kuo organized Zhao to launch a breakthrough operation. From the siege to death for a month and a half, this breakthrough never stopped.
If the opponent is not the powerful Qin Jun and the coach is not the famous Bai Qi, I'm afraid Zhao Kuo will come back eventually. Being in a desperate situation can be like this, which further confirms Zhao Kuo's talent.
Zhao, led by Zhao Kuo, is a teacher of many wars, and his fighting capacity is extremely strong under this psychology. Qin Jun can't lock this Zhao army without paying a heavy price. According to research, Qin Jun lost more than 300,000 in the battle of Changping. Casualties are not heavy.
5, Zhao Kuo's scapegoat ending.
Zhao's failure in Changping made Zhao's rivers go from bad to worse and irreversible step by step. Zhao needs an explanation for the battle of Changping, an explanation. Are you online? For respectable people? Under the premise of the wrong can't be the prince of Zhao, can't be the princes in the court, can only be defeated and died of Zhao Kuo.
After the battle of Changping, the Zhao Kuo family was under great pressure. In order to survive, they had to draw a line with Zhao Kuo. So, they no longer surnamed Zhao, but took Zhao She as their servant? Take the horse as the surname. Because Zhao Kuo was forced to change his surname, the Zhao Kuo family must hate Zhao Kuo very much, and there will be no positive comments.
Then, the familiar image of Zhao Kuo appeared. In the eyes of the whole world, Zhao Kuo is only an armchair strategist, and eventually he is mistaken as a synonym for stupidity by the country, family and himself.