One: Read the text below and complete questions 14-17

"Knowing yourself"

Kahlil Gibran

One rainy night, Sai Ai Mu sat in front of the bookshelf in the study room and began to look through old books. He held a large Turkish cigar in his mouth, and puffs of smoke spewed out from his thick lips from time to time. A dialogue recorded by Plato about "knowing oneself" by his teacher Socrates caught the attention of Sai Aim... Sai Aim closed his book and thought deeply, and a feeling of admiration for the philosophers and sages of the East and the West arose in his heart.

“Know yourself.” He muttered Socrates’ famous saying, suddenly stood up from his seat, spread his arms and sighed loudly, “Yes! I must know myself and gain insight. My own secret soul, so that I can get rid of all doubts and fears, find my spiritual person from my material person, find my abstract essence from my concrete existence of blood and flesh, this is the life-giving My supreme sacred mission!" Sai Aim seemed to be suffering from a fever, his eyes flashed with a passion for "knowing himself".

He walked to the neighboring room and stood in front of the full-length mirror like a statue, staring at the ghostly and terrifying self in the mirror, and silently assessing the shape of his head, face, torso and limbs.

Sai'am's statue-like demeanor lasted for half an hour. The ethereal "knowing himself" seemed to have instilled in him a set of strange and sublimated thoughts that could reveal the secrets of his own soul, and made him His heart was filled with the light of reason. He moved his lips calmly and said to himself: "Well! In terms of stature, I am short, but aren't Napoleon, Victor and Hugo the same? My forehead is not wide, Heaven is not round, but so are Socrates and Spinoza; I admit that I am bald, which is not shabby, because I have the famous Shakespeare by my side; my aquiline nose is long and curved, like Voltaire and George? Washington's; my eyes are sunken, as are the apostle Paul and the philosopher Nietzsche; my fat lips rival those of Louis XIV, and my fat neck is as thick as Hannibal's and Mark Antony's. /p>

“Yes, my body is defective, but please note that this is a common characteristic of great thinkers. What’s even more strange is that, like Balzac, I always put the coffee pot next to me when reading and writing; like Tolstoy, I am willing to socialize and chat with vulgar people; sometimes I don’t wash my hands for three or four days, Beethoven and Whitman also had this habit; my excessive drinking would put Marlowe and Noah to shame; my gluttonous eating and drinking would make Chief Pasha and King Alexander also want to die. Cold sweat. "

After another moment of silence, Saiem nodded his forehead with his dirty fingertips and continued to speak: "This is me! This is my reality. I possess all the qualities of the greatest men in human history so far. A young man with so many great qualities is bound to be capable of something earth-shattering.

“The essence of wisdom is to know oneself. Great men have rooted this great idea of ??the universe in the depths of my heart and inspired me to start doing great work. From Noah to Socrates, from From Boccaccio to Shelley, I have gone through the ups and downs of history with the great men. I don't know what kind of great action I will start with, but it is a combination of day's work and night's dream. A person with a mysterious self and true nature can undoubtedly achieve great things... Yes, I have known myself, and the gods have understood me! Long live my soul!

Long live the self. !May everything go as you wish forever!"

Saiaim paced around the room, his ugly face glowing with joy, and from time to time he made sounds like a cat gnawing bones. A cry of joy. He repeatedly recited a poem by Abi Allah: Although I am a younger generation of this era, the unfinished work of my entrepreneurial ancestors will always weigh on my shoulders historically.

After a while, our Sai'am lay down on the messy bed in his dirty clothes and fell into a dreamland of thunderous snores.

14. Please briefly summarize Sai Aim’s process of “knowing himself”.

15. Answer the following questions.

(1) Please briefly describe the specific characteristics of Sai Aim’s appearance based on the original text.

(2) How does this appearance feature appear? Please briefly analyze it.

16. The article successfully uses the artistic technique of combining solemnity with harmony. Please give a brief appreciation.

17. Please briefly evaluate the character of Sai Aim.

Reference answers:

1. (1) Overlay (2) Mosaic

2. People may not be able to choose their own life circumstances, but they can choose their own attitude towards life. (The meaning is correct)

3. (1) The calendar makes the author feel the hope for tomorrow; (2) The calendar makes the author think about how to cherish time; (3) The calendar makes the author feel the meaning of life. (As long as the meaning is correct)

4. (1) The author believes that most of the pages of our calendar are bleak, but memory can free us from the bleak life, because memory excludes Mediocrity makes people unique.

(2) The author believes that a person's memory is left on the calendar, but people cannot just be remembered passively, but also use actions to create memories, and carefully write each day's calendar to make their life (calendar) rich and Enrichment. Therefore, the author focuses on memory in the second half of the article. (As long as the meaning is correct)

5. (1) In terms of material selection: The article is based on familiar little things in people's lives such as "using calendars", but reveals the meaning of life from them. This kind of "using small opinions" "Big" is written in a way that can easily arouse readers' screams. (2) Language: ① Integrate rich emotions in plain language. The language of this article is plain, but it contains the author's sincere feelings for the calendar and life. It makes people feel warm and meaningful when reading it. ② Use metaphors, personification, parallelism, questions, rhetorical questions and other rhetorical techniques to make the language of the article vivid and contagious. (As long as the meaning is correct)

6. Benefits: The following can be drawn out through comparison.

Same: no matter how far you migrate, you must trace your origins and find your roots.

Differences: ①The return of salmon is just an instinct of life (or: it is the root sense of life instinct)

②The return of human beings refers to spiritual retrospection, through history , art, literature, customs, life memories, etc. are traced back to their cultural roots. (Or: The return of human beings refers to the human soul, looking back on the long flow of time, allowing the spirit to return to its original source)

7. Human beings use the words of their motherland (or: mother tongue) and the mountains and rivers of their homeland (or: Tracing the origins from three aspects: scenery) and hometown life memories (childhood past events, past memories).

8.⑴The loss of homeland culture will cause loneliness in the human soul, and homesickness arises from this.

⑵ Because in tradition, the Yangtze River is a symbol of the Chinese nation, so when "I" are in the Yangtze River, the various meanings (geography, literature, national culture) carried by the Yangtze River evoke The sense of cultural identity of “my”.

9.A E

10 Those who win the Nobel Prize for Literature should be the best literary works in the world, and Zhangjiajie is the most beautiful landscape in the world.

11 has three aspects: ①The shape of the mountain peak; ②The pines and cypresses on the peak; ③The atmosphere of the mountain ravines and streams.

12. ① The description of the inverted pyramid-shaped rock peak in the fifth paragraph of the article adopts the form of "reading at first...", "reading again...", "repeatedly chanting...", reflecting The scenery of Zhangjiajie is something you will never tire of.

② Words such as "reading" and "yinwei" indicate that the scenery of Zhangjiajie has high appreciation value.

13. (1) This description seems to be a free subject, but in fact it uses the fire, trees and silver flowers to contrast the soul-stirring "the shadows of the mountains in the night sky are like charm".

(2) ① "The peaks and peaks seem to have eyebrows and eyes", or "showing their extraordinary grace", or "the mountain shadow is like a charm, and the forest seems to be trying to grab people. "wait. ②Steal the auspicious light she leaked.

14. Self-doubt - determination to understand - comparison and search - gain confidence - self-affirmation

15. (1) Appearance characteristics: short stature; not wide forehead, heavenly He is not round, has a bald head, has a long curved nose, sunken eyes, thick lips, and a thick neck. No points will be given if the answer is just a general word like "ugly" without a specific description, and 1 point will be given if the answer is only about appearance or body characteristics. (2) The author does not directly describe Sai'am's appearance, but compares many aspects of his appearance with famous people through Sai'am, thus cleverly splicing Sai'am's appearance in the readers' minds (combination ) formed.

The answer "The author did not directly describe Sai'am's appearance" will be awarded 1 point, and the answer "Say'am compared many aspects of his appearance with many celebrities" will be awarded 2 points. The answer 1 point is given for "Say'am's appearance features are spliced ??(combined) in the reader's mind". The answer does not have to be rigid, as long as the meaning is correct.

16. The author uses comic and comedic artistic techniques to vividly describe Sai Aim’s “serious” completion of the ridiculous process of “self-understanding”, especially about Sai Aim’s appearance, The descriptions of actions, language, etc. are even more humorous, thus guiding readers to have a deeper understanding of the author's serious life thinking embedded in this character.

2 points will be awarded for those who only give the basic connotation of blending solemnity with harmony or only give examples without explaining the blending of splendor and harmony. 4 points will be awarded to those who can make a detailed appreciation of Zhuangzhuang and Harmony in conjunction with the examples in the article.

17. Sai Aim is a character who is obsessed with fantasy, lacks mobility, and seeks spiritual satisfaction in illusions. (The essence of the character) Through the creation of this character, the author reveals the common weaknesses in human nature, thereby triggering people's thinking. (The meaning of the character) Give 2 points if you answer the essence of the character, and 2 points if you answer the meaning of the character. The meaning is correct.

Two: Read the text below and complete questions 1-4.

Getting closer and closer to the spiritual sky

Li Hanrong

People walk in the crowd to find his path, speak in the crowd to find his echo, and in the crowd, he looks for his echo. Invest in the crowd looking for his profits, smile in the crowd looking for a response. As human beings, we cannot refuse the crowd. Although the noisy and swollen crowd can sometimes be so suffocating and depressing, we cannot turn around and completely leave the crowd.

The crowd is a gathering of desires, a torrent of desires.

When a person is in a crowd, it is impossible that what surges in his heart is not desire, and it is impossible for him not to think about his role, position, weight and share in the crowd. If we honestly test our souls, we will find that when we are among people, the transparency of the soul is lower, the spiritual content is lower, but the content of desire is higher, and the impulse to conquer is higher. A divine soul, a transcendent soul, a rich and lofty soul is not easily squeezed and fermented by the crowd. Cleverness and cunning can be squeezed out of the crowd, but it is difficult to extract real wisdom. We will find that in places with high population density, there are many smart people and few great wisdom. Apart from the crowd, we also need a kind of height, a kind of emptiness, and a kind of solemn tranquility to talk to heaven and earth, to talk to all things, and to talk to eternity. This is how great souls and great spiritual creations are born. Confucius, looking alone at the river, lamented the irreversibility of time: "The passing is like a man, never leaving day and night"; Zhuangzi wandered around the world looking for the way to fly freely; the Buddha sat quietly under the bodhi tree and realized the wisdom of the universe and life; the great French philosopher Pascal You sighed as a philosopher in the silent wilderness: "The eternal silence of infinite space scares me"; Li Bai "climbed up to the majestic heights between heaven and earth, and the vast river never returned". His unruly poetic soul flew over infinity, introduced more than half of the Milky Way into the world, and irrigated it. The romantic feelings of many generations; Einstein regarded the entire universe as the object of his scientific inquiry and philosophical thinking. He believed that man's greatest achievement and highest realm is to obtain a soul that is symmetrical to the universe through the search for truth. From this, People become vast and humble, and pay heartfelt respect to this great universe that exists infinitely and envelopes us forever... It is these people who seem to be far away from the crowd, who have brought too rich spiritual gifts to the crowd. Beyond the interests of the crowd, pursue the ultimate proposition that has been forgotten by the crowd, walk out of the crowd with all the confusion and pain of the crowd, go to discuss with the sky, discuss with higher beings, and lie in the distance and in our hearts. The "absolute" discussion in the depths then brings the starlight of thought to the crowd and into the night of existence.

For this reason, I suggest that philosophers or poets should not have any "units". Most of the ideas produced in the "unit" or on the sofa are only as large as the unit and have no universal value. . Let’s take existence, time, and the universe as our units, and let’s love, suffer, and think.

As a member of all living beings, I don’t want to always soak in a low pond, counting a few dollars to spend the limited time God has given me. I need to climb high, need to look far, I need to face the whole sky and take a deep breath of my soul, I need to bring back some white clouds from the spiritual heights to wipe away my trivial and old life, and wipe away the lack of luster in my heart.

I am climbing my southern mountain. My eyes and soul are gradually becoming clearer and broader, there are more and more greens, more and more white clouds, I am getting closer to the great sky...

[Note] This is one of the author's series of essays "Nanshan" In one article, Nanshan is located in the author’s hometown.

1. The author believes that "as human beings, it is impossible for us to reject the crowd". (No more than 20 words)

Analysis: This is a cause-and-effect question. To find the reason, you can find it in the first paragraph, because this sentence is a summary of the previous article. You can also find it in the second paragraph, because the next paragraph is an expanded discussion of this point of view.

Reference answer:

The crowd is a gathering of desires, and we cannot eliminate desires. Or: People always look for paths, echoes, profits, and expressions in the crowd.

2. In the author’s eyes, Confucius, Zhuangzi, Sakyamuni, Pascal, Li Bai and Einstein are “people who seem to be far away from the crowd”. How do you understand the meaning of the word “seem” in the article? What is the purpose of listing these characters in the article?

Analysis: When asking the first question, pay attention to the word "seemingly". "Seemingly" means that on the surface, you are far away from the crowd, but in fact, you are not far away from the crowd. In this way, we need to consider in what aspects we are far away, and in what aspects we are not far away. The purpose is to consider what point these facts prove and the benefits of the argument.

Reference answer:

The meaning of the word "seem": ① They behave far away from the crowd and think beyond the crowd; ② They walk out of the crowd with all the confusion and pain of the crowd, He also brings rich spiritual gifts ("starlight of thought" too) back to mankind, so he is not actually far away from the crowd.

Function: ① Shows how great soul and spiritual creation are produced, which enhances the persuasiveness of the article; ② Enriches the content of the article and enhances the appeal of the article.

3. Looking at the full text, what does "spiritual sky" specifically refer to? Please summarize the reasons why the author expects himself to be "close to the spiritual sky".

Analysis: As the first question, you should pay attention to the two words "spirit" and "sky" in "Spiritual Sky". "Spirit" expresses the opposition to material desires. From this, you can Get answers. The second question is to pay attention to "expectations", which should start from how reality makes the author feel and what kind of spiritual realm the author pursues.

Reference answer:

(1) A state of existence that transcends desires and aims at pursuing universal values.

(2) ① Realistic desires make him feel depressed. ② He hopes to gradually change his vulgar living conditions and improve his spiritual realm.

4. In the following appreciation of this essay, two of the two errors are

A. The beginning of the article uses parallelism to implicitly express the close connection between individuals and groups. Then he changed his mind and wrote that the crowd was "suffocating" and "depressing", which provided hints and foreshadowing for the later proposition of staying away from the crowd.

B. The use of verbs such as "squeeze", "ferment" and "run" in the second paragraph avoids the duplication of the word "refining" below and makes the language of the article become More vivid and varied.

C. Through deep thinking and hard exploration, "my" horizons have broadened, my thoughts have become clear, and my trivial and outdated life has also been changed.

D. The author suggests that philosophers or poets should not have institutions, believing that such institutions restrict people's thinking, make it difficult to extract real wisdom, and prevent people from reaching spiritual heights.

E. "Lower pond" and "high white clouds" are a pair of symbolic images in the article. The author uses them to implicitly express his understanding of two different realms.

Answer: [ ][ ]

Analysis: There are some mistakes in A. One is "implicit expression through parallelism", and the role of parallelism is not "implicit expression"; The second is that "the later article puts forward the idea of ??staying away from the crowd", which is "creating something out of nothing." There are also two errors in D. One is that the meaning of "unit" in the article is different from that in life. If it is used here, it must be expressed in quotation marks; the other is that "it is difficult to extract real wisdom, making it impossible for people to reach spiritual heights." "place" is inappropriately expressed.

Reference answer: A D

3: Modern reading of the swimmer who lost his limbs

A foreign girl told me such a story - Held When registering for the Paralympic Games, a man who had lost his legs came and said he wanted to participate in the swimming competition. The registration lady carefully asked him how he would swim in the water. The man who had lost his legs said he would swim with both hands.

Later, a man who lost his arms came and wanted to sign up for the swimming competition. The lady asked him how he would swim. The man who lost his arms said that he would swim with his legs.

The lady had just finished registering them, and another person came who had neither legs nor arms, and had completely lost all limbs, and wanted to sign up for the swimming competition. The lady tried her best to calm herself down and asked him in a low voice how he would swim. The man replied with a smile: I will swim with my ears. His limbless body was like a round shuttle. Due to long-term efforts, his ears are large and strong, and can flap forward very flexibly. When he entered the water to try swimming, he was like a torpedo coming out of the barrel, faster than ordinary people. As a result, people who knew the details secretly rumored that a great world record was about to be born.

On the day of the official competition, there were huge crowds of people. White arrows advanced one after another, and waves splashed, making it difficult to see where the hero was for a moment. The results of the competition came out. The champion was the person who lost his legs, and the runner-up was...

So more people started to search, and finally found the hero near the starting point. He sank to the bottom and was drowned. On his head, he wore a bright swimming cap that covered his ears. It was put on by a beautiful girl before the competition according to the rules of the swimming pool.

I told this story to different people. The reactions after listening were varied.

Some people say that it was a conspiracy. Maybe it was a bad move made by someone who wanted to win the championship - only by strangling others can he protect himself.

Some people say that it would be nice if the person who came to give me the swimming cap was not a beautiful girl. The swimmer will not be ecstatic. Even if the whole world forgot the function of his ears, he would remain awake and refuse to wear that beautiful hat.

Some people say, why are there such bastard rules? What is the role of swimming caps? This dogmatic rule exists in all walks of life. It has harmed many talents. When will the bad habits end?

I told these comments to the foreign girl who told me the story. She said, why are you so negative? This is a joke, although it is a bit profound. When we have no feet, we can struggle with our hands. When we have no hands or feet, we can fight with our ears. But even so, we still have the potential to fail or even be completely destroyed. Many heroes did not achieve final success after overcoming unimaginable hardships.

The murderer is his own ears - a skill worth being proud of!

15. According to the article, what specific significance does popular fiction have to the lower classes? (4 points)

Answer: ① It is a textbook for them to understand life and learn history; ② It is an important channel for them to obtain political knowledge and operational methods; ③ It is an encyclopedia to guide their combat career; (or answer "They learned the experience of armed struggle and resistance", "They learned military knowledge from it") ④ It is the source of their strength to take risks to resist tyranny; ⑤ It is the object of imitation in their daily life and behavior (scoring criteria: four). Three points past five points)

16. Please talk about the characteristics and functions of the title of this micro-novel. (4 points)

Answer: The title of this novel points out the image characteristics of the main characters (1 point). It has the functions of attracting readers (1 point), creating suspense (1 point), and increasing reading interest.

How can one "lose limbs" swim? Is it about the swimmer’s successful attack experience? How did he or she swim? What was the result? Readers who want to know what follows will of course read on. While reading, you will naturally think further about the topic of the article (1 point)

17. Based on the work, please briefly analyze the profound meaning of the underlined sentence in the text. (5 points)

Answer: A disabled swimmer who was about to become a hero that attracted much attention, but he was full of ambition but sank to the bottom of the water. Who is to blame? The culprit is himself! It was those two ears that made him get carried away that killed him (1 point). The flowers and applause from the crowd made him lose his way. His pride and arrogance numbed his brain and he lost his cool (1 point). The author ends the full text with this sentence, which is ingenious and thought-provoking (1 point), highlighting the theme: pride will make us farther and farther away from success, and pride will make us waste all our previous efforts. (1 point) Therefore, when doing anything, we must keep a clear head and guard against arrogance and impetuosity. Especially when facing compliments and flowers, we must stand firm and resist temptation. Always be wary of yourself and don't let your proud abilities become your murderer. (1 point)

18. In the novel, "a beautiful girl" sends a "beautiful swimming cap". This plot is quite unexpected. What do you think of the setting of this plot? (6 points)

Answer: This plot is both unexpected and reasonable (1 point). According to the rules of the swimming competition, the contestants must wear swimming caps, which is reasonable (1 point); the contestants wore swimming caps that covered their ears, and finally sank to the bottom of the water and drowned, which was unexpected (1 point) ). With the plot of "wearing a swimming cap", the development of the story has waves (1 point), and the theme is refined naturally (1 point). In addition, the contingency of the plot is conducive to increasing the readability of the novel and serves the purpose of attracting readers (1 point).