1. Before hard shoulder construction, planning and design need to be carried out to determine the size, shape and location of the road shoulder.

2. Before construction, the construction area needs to be cleaned and prepared, including removing weeds, gravel and other obstacles, and ensuring that the construction area is level.

3. Carry out basic treatment in the road shoulder area to ensure the stability and load-bearing capacity of the road shoulder.

4. Install boundary signs or boundary lines to define the boundaries of the hard shoulder, which is accomplished by setting masonry, concrete slopes or other materials.

5. Select appropriate hard materials, such as asphalt, concrete or stone, and lay them according to the design requirements.

6. Compact the paved materials to improve the compactness and stability of the road shoulder, and then perform appropriate maintenance.