Breeding method of peach
Seedling propagation: mainly grafting propagation,
It can also be propagated by sowing. Apricot or peach can be used as rootstock for grafting, and seedlings of apricot, plum and peach can also be used as rootstock. However, compared with apricot and peach, it has the disadvantages of low survival rate and slow growth rate after survival, and has the advantages of long life and less pests and diseases. The grafted plants are moved indoors after winter, and then removed for cultivation in the following year. Strengthen water and fertilizer management in the growing period. With the growth of the plant, it takes about 3 years to take shape by replacing the big pot in the second year.
Fertilizer and water management: peaches are sensitive to fertilizers, and whether to apply fertilizer depends on the growth intensity of plants in the growing period. If the growth is too strong, it is not conducive to the formation of flower buds, and fertilization is not necessary; If the growth is weak, apply organic fertilizer 1 times around the plant before and after defoliation, and topdressing diluted human manure or compound fertilizer 1 times before flowering. Usually pay attention to timely intertillage weeding and water in time according to the drought. Pay attention to drainage and flood control in rainy season to ensure healthy growth of plants and normal differentiation of flower buds.
Before frost, pour 1 times antifreeze water. Pest control: The main pests of peaches are aphids and red spiders. When it happens, spraying 3000 times of dichlorvos can kill aphids, and spraying 1800 times of dicofol can kill red spiders. But dimethoate should be avoided to avoid falling leaves. Diseases include leaf shrinkage and brown rot, and 705% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times can be sprayed.
Flowering regulation: move potted peaches indoors for cold room treatment in early February.
The suitable temperature is about 6 degrees, and then the temperature is gradually raised to make the flower buds develop in a programmed way. After 10 days, the temperature gradually increased to 6- 16 degrees; After 20 days, it increased to 16-23 degrees, and after a few days, it increased to more than 24 degrees. However, it must be noted that if water and fertilizer are applied according to the increase of room temperature, the temperature can only increase gradually, not in vain, otherwise there will be adverse consequences such as bud drop, early flowering and even death. After this method of raising the room temperature, peaches can be opened in advance during the Spring Festival. Pruning method of peach
1. First, determine the trunk branches of the tree. Peaches generally have 3 ~ 5 main branches. Make clear the subordinate relationship between the main branches and the lateral branches at all levels, find the branches of the main branches, and balance them according to the growth potential of the main branches, with short branches as the main ones, and balance the branches by restraining the strong and helping the weak. When the main branch extends too long, it should be retracted in time, and a suitable branch should be selected to replace the original branch for short cutting. The main branch must be higher than other branches and stay longer.
2. Secondly, remove the useless branches. Cross branches, overlapping branches, diseased branches, residual branches, weak branches and unnecessary long branches should be thinned out. Then trim the branches. If we only pay attention to the arrangement of backbone branches, but not to the cultivation of flowering branches, the flowering parts will soon move up and the inner branches will die.
The flattening phenomenon of flowering. Flowering branching groups can be divided into large, medium and small according to their branching degree. The big branch group is generally above grade 4 branches, which are arranged in the middle and lower part of the crown and the back and oblique sides of the main branches. 3. Trim the flowers at last. There are many long flower branches, and the medium-developed long branches bloom best, so 8 ~ 12 flower buds should be left, 5 ~ 6 buds should be left in the middle flower branch, 3 ~ 4 buds should be left in the short flower branch, and the buds should be cut to leave leaf buds, and the bouquetlike branches should not be short.
Pruning is an important part of any plant, and peach trees are no exception. Only by pruning and shaping peaches reasonably and correctly can we better enhance their ornamental value and make them beautiful and fruitful.