E-commerce (e-business, e-commerce, e-trade) literally means a way of using the current advanced electronic technology to engage in various commercial activities. The essence of e-commerce should be a complete set of online business operations and management information systems. To be more specific, it is a way to use existing computer hardware equipment, software and network infrastructure to conduct various business activities in an electronic network environment connected through certain protocols. This is a relatively strict definition. To put it more informally, e-commerce generally refers to a way of using the international Internet to conduct business activities, such as online marketing, online customer service, online advertising, online surveys, etc.

E-commerce

E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information services, transactions and payments. The main contents include: electronic business information advertising; electronic purchase and transaction, exchange of electronic transaction vouchers; electronic payment and settlement, and after-sales online services. The main types of transactions include transactions between enterprises and individuals (B to C method) and transactions between enterprises (B to B method). There are four types of entities participating in e-commerce: customers (individual consumers or corporate groups), merchants (including sellers, manufacturers, storage and transportation providers), banks (including card issuers and acquirers), and certification centers.

E-commerce is a direct product of the explosive development of the Internet and a new development direction for network technology applications. The openness, globality, low cost, and high efficiency of the Internet itself have also become the inherent characteristics of e-commerce, and have greatly exceeded the value of e-commerce as a new form of trade. It will not only change The production, operation and management activities of the enterprise itself will also affect the economic operation and structure of the entire society.

1． E-commerce electronicizes and digitizes traditional business processes. On the one hand, electronic flow replaces physical flow, which can greatly reduce manpower and material resources and lower costs. On the other hand, it breaks through the limitations of time and space, allowing transaction activities to be carried out at any time. Any time, any place, thus greatly improving efficiency.

2. The open and global characteristics of e-commerce create more trade opportunities for enterprises.

3． E-commerce allows enterprises to enter the global electronic market at a similar cost, making it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to have the same information resources as large enterprises, and improving the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises.

4. E-commerce has redefined the traditional circulation model, reduced intermediate links, and made direct transactions between producers and consumers possible, thereby changing the way the entire social economy operates to a certain extent.

5． On the one hand, e-commerce breaks down the barriers of time and space, and on the other hand, it provides abundant information resources, providing more possibilities for the recombination of various social and economic elements, which will affect the economic layout and structure of society.

E-commerce refers to the use of simple, fast, and low-cost electronic communication methods for buyers and sellers to conduct various commercial activities without meeting. E-commerce can be accomplished through a variety of electronic communication methods. Simple, for example, if you conduct business activities with customers by making phone calls or sending faxes, it seems that it can also be called e-commerce; however, the e-commerce that people are discussing now is mainly completed by EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and INTERNET. of. Especially as INTERNET technology becomes increasingly mature, the real development of e-commerce will be based on INTERNET technology. Therefore, some people refer to e-commerce as IC (INTERNET COMMERCE).

From the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links. Therefore, e-commerce can also be divided into two levels. Lower-level e-commerce such as e-commerce, e-commerce, and e-commerce Contracts, etc.; the most complete and advanced e-commerce should be able to use the INTENET network to carry out all trade activities, that is, to completely realize information flow, business flow, capital flow and part of logistics online. In other words, you can Starting from finding customers, all the way to negotiation, ordering, online payment (receipt), issuance of electronic invoices, electronic customs declaration, electronic tax payment, etc. are all completed in one go through the INTERNET.

To achieve complete e-commerce, many aspects will be involved. In addition to buyers and sellers, banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification agencies, distribution centers and other institutions must also join. Since all parties involved in e-commerce do not physically meet each other, the entire e-commerce process is not a replica of business activities in the physical world. Conditions such as online banking and online electronic payment and technologies such as data encryption and electronic signatures are important in e-commerce. plays an important and indispensable role.

1.1 Classification and model of e-commerce

1.1.1 Classification according to the operation mode of commercial activities

(1) Complete e-commerce: that is, it can be completely through e-commerce method to realize and complete the entire transaction process.

(2) Incomplete e-commerce: refers to a transaction that cannot completely rely on e-commerce to realize and complete the complete transaction process. It needs to rely on some external factors, such as transportation systems, etc. to complete the transaction.

1.1.2 Classification according to the scope of e-commerce application services.

(1) Business-to-consumer (also known as business-to-individual customers or business institutions-to-consumers, B to C) e-commerce. The e-commerce of commercial institutions to consumers is basically equivalent to e-retail commerce. At present, there are various types of commercial centers on the Internet, providing various goods and services, mainly flowers, books, computers, cars and other goods and services.

(2) Business-to-business (also known as business-to-business or business organization to business organization, that is, B to B) e-commerce. Business institution-to-commercial institution e-commerce refers to the use of the Internet or various business networks by commercial institutions (or enterprises or companies) to order and pay suppliers (enterprises or companies). Business-to-business e-commerce has developed the fastest and has a history of many years. Especially through the electronic data interchange (EDI) running on the value-added network (VAN), business-to-business e-commerce has been Rapidly expand and promote. Companies may use the Internet to place orders and receive orders, contracts and other documents and payments.

(3) Business-to-government e-commerce

Business-to-government e-commerce can cover many matters between companies and government organizations. At present, some local governments in my country have implemented online purchasing.

(4) E-commerce from consumers to government agencies

The government will expand e-commerce to the payment of welfare fees and the collection of self-assessment and personal taxes.

(5) Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce

1.1.3 Classification according to the scope of the information network for electronic transactions.

(1) Local e-commerce usually refers to e-commerce activities realized using the information network within the city or region, and the geographical scope of electronic transactions is small. A local e-commerce system is a network system that uses the Internet, Intranet or private network to connect the following systems: 1. The e-commerce information systems of all parties involved in the transaction, including the e-commerce information systems of the buyer, seller and other parties; 2. Bank financial institution electronic information system; 3. Insurance company information system; 4. Commodity inspection information system; 5. Tax management information system; 6. Cargo transportation information system; 7. Regional EDI center system (actually, the regional EDI center The center of the system connecting various information systems). The local e-commerce system is the basic system for developing remote domestic e-commerce and global e-commerce.

(2) Long-distance domestic e-commerce refers to online electronic transaction activities carried out within the country. The geographical scope of its transactions is large, the requirements for software, hardware and technology are relatively high, and it is required to be implemented nationwide. For commercial electronics and automation to realize financial electronics, all parties to the transaction must have certain e-commerce knowledge, economic capabilities and technical capabilities, as well as certain management levels and capabilities.

(3) Global e-commerce refers to electronic trading activities carried out around the world, and all parties participating in electronic transactions conduct trade through the Internet. Relevant systems involving all parties involved in the transaction, such as the buyer's national import and export company system, customs system, banking financial system, tax system, transportation system, insurance system, etc. Global e-commerce business content is complex and data exchanges are frequent, requiring the e-commerce system to be strict, accurate, safe, and reliable. World unified e-commerce standards and e-commerce (trade) agreements should be formulated to enable global e-commerce to develop smoothly.

1.2 Functions of e-commerce

E-commerce can provide full-process services such as online transactions and management. Therefore, it has various functions such as advertising, consultation and negotiation, online ordering, online payment, electronic accounts, service delivery, opinion consultation, and transaction management.

1.2.1 Advertising

E-commerce can use the enterprise's Web server and customers' browsing to publish various commercial information on the Internet. Customers can use the online search tool (Search) to quickly find the product information they need, and merchants can use the online home page (Home Page) and email (E-majl) to advertise globally. Compared with all types of advertising in the past, online advertising is the cheapest and provides the richest amount of information to customers.

1.2.2 Consultation and negotiation

E-commerce can be understood through non-real-time email (E-mail), news group (News Group) and real-time discussion group (chat) Market and product information, negotiation of transaction matters, if there are further needs, the online whiteboard conference (Whiteboard Conference) can also be used to exchange real-time graphical information. Online consultation and negotiation can transcend the limitations of face-to-face negotiation and provide a variety of convenient forms of long-distance conversation.

1.2.3 Online ordering

E-commerce can realize online ordering through the interactive transmission of emails on the Web. Online ordering usually provides very friendly ordering prompt information and ordering interactive format boxes on the product introduction page. After the customer completes the order form, the system will usually reply with a confirmation information form to ensure that the order information has been received. Ordering information can also be encrypted so that customer and merchant business information will not be leaked.

1.2.4 Online payment

E-commerce must become a complete process. Online payment is an important link. Payments can be made between customers and merchants using credit card accounts. Using electronic payment methods directly online will eliminate many personnel expenses in transactions. Online payments will require more reliable information transmission security controls to prevent illegal activities such as fraud, eavesdropping, and fraudulent use.

1.2.5 Electronic account

Online payment must be supported by electronic finance, that is, financial institutions such as banks or credit card companies and insurance companies must provide online operations for financial services. . And electronic account management is a fundamental component. A credit card number or bank account number is an indicator of an electronic account. Its credibility needs to be guaranteed by necessary technical measures. The application of means such as digital certificates, digital signatures, and encryption provides security for electronic account operations.

1.2.6 Service delivery

For customers who have paid, the goods they ordered should be delivered to them as soon as possible. Some goods are local and some goods are in other places. E-mail will be able to carry out logistics deployment in the network. The most suitable goods for direct delivery online are information products. Such as software, electronic books, information services, etc. It can send goods directly from the electronic warehouse to the user terminal.

1.2.7 Opinion solicitation

E-commerce can easily use "select", "fill in the blank" and other format files on the web page to collect users' feedback on sales services. This enables the company's market operations to form a closed loop. Customer feedback can not only improve the level of after-sales service, but also provide companies with business opportunities to improve products and discover markets.

1.2.8 Transaction Management

The management of the entire transaction will involve multiple aspects of people, finance, and materials, as well as coordination between enterprises, enterprises and customers, and internal enterprises. and management. Therefore, transaction management involves the management of the entire process of business activities. The development of e-commerce will provide a good network environment for transaction management and a variety of application service systems. In this way, e-commerce can be more widely used.

2. Current problems and strategic directions of domestic e-commerce

2.1 Problems of domestic e-commerce

The current scale of China’s network development determines its Market capacity and business opportunities are limited. Among China's current Internet population of less than 50 million, the group that truly has consumption power and can form purchasing power is still far from being able to compete with the traditional business model in real life. At the same time, the current structure of the Internet population also determines that there are only a few Items may be available for sale online immediately.

Until now, there is still a lack of systematic and professional national cargo distribution companies in China. The existing logistics companies reflect a decentralized and diversified pattern, leading to socialized mass production and intensive management of specialized circulation. Problems such as difficulty in leveraging advantages, difficulty in achieving economies of scale, and low facility utilization. The huge cost and time delay of long-distance transportation or postal delivery of goods are enough to deter consumer groups. In many discussions about e-commerce, almost all theoretical discussions have actually adopted an evasive attitude in this aspect, but in actual operation, this problem is fatal. In the past, those "online speculation" behaviors that opened stores to sell things on the Internet and tried to make some money through e-commerce all ended in complete failure. One of the most fundamental reasons is that they were unable to meet the most basic requirements of consumers. Wait for delivery time and cost of ordered items.

China's consumer market has always lacked support for the concept of credit consumption. Related to this is the slow process of electronic currency. In fact, from the perspective of consumer psychology, we have no reason to believe that Chinese consumers will be more resistant to credit consumption than foreign consumers. Those Chinese who have settled abroad will also use credit consumption to buy goods abroad like locals. For commodities, the fundamental reason why there is a huge contrast in consumer behavior at home and abroad lies in the rigidity of the domestic financial system and lack of service awareness. The tight lines between banks and between banks and consumers force those who want to try credit consumption to pay a huge additional mental and financial price. Therefore, when a new business model such as e-commerce emerges, our consumption Consumers were at a loss as to what to do, and the lackluster response from consumers in turn gave the financial sector an excuse. The result was a vicious circle of "because no one is doing it, so no one is using it; because no one is using it, so no one is doing it." . If this vicious circle is not broken, it will be impossible for China's e-commerce to achieve a fundamental breakthrough.

2.2 E-commerce market strategy

2.2.1. Seller-controlled market strategy

It refers to the establishment of a single seller to seek many buyers. A market strategy aimed at establishing or maintaining its market power in a transaction. For example, the Internet website established by Cisco Systems, the world's largest manufacturer of network routers, allows customers to understand the entire process of their ordering, check production lead times, prices, ordering and shipment status, and obtain relevant information online. technical consulting services. Currently, the site sells $3 billion in products annually, accounting for about 40% of Cisco's total sales. In addition, by publishing technical documents online and providing product information to customers, Cisco saves $270 million annually in printing costs, order and processing error losses, and telephone-based technical support costs. Its online marketing also increases customer brand loyalty by accelerating order processing and real-time tracking of order status.

2.2.2. Buyer-controlled market strategy

It is a market strategy established by one or more buyers to transfer market power and value to the buyer. While many cases involve intermediaries, some particularly large buyers have established electronic marketplaces for themselves. For example, Japan Airlines is a large customer of in-flight consumer goods. It often publishes demand information for products such as plastic garbage bags and disposable cups on its website in order to find the most attractive suppliers.

In addition to the electronic market established directly by a buyer, the buyer-controlled market strategy also includes two types of buyer-controlled market strategies: buyer agency type and buyer cooperation type.

The "Free Markets Online" company has established a typical buyer's agent electronic market. The company finds a group of competitive suppliers of components and semi-finished products for traditional industrial enterprises. The company provides an offline service, which searches for a group of potential suppliers based on each buyer's requirements. Once the group of feasible suppliers is determined, the company conducts a three-hour review for these suppliers. Bid online. The buyer's agent market established by the "Online Free Market" company helps buyers quickly and effectively obtain suppliers that meet their specialized needs. More importantly, online bidding among suppliers enables buyers to purchase spare parts and semi-finished products. The price dropped by 10%--25%.

Buyer cooperative electronic markets take another approach. It combines the purchasing of several companies to increase their bargaining power. "TPN Registration Form" company is a joint venture established by General Electric Information Services Company and Thomson Publishing Company. In the beginning, it only carried out joint procurement for the branches of the General Electric Company's light bulb division. Later, it expanded to all divisions of the General Electric Company. Now, its service targets have surpassed the General Electric Company to include GE. A company that conducts joint procurement with many large enterprises in the country. This buyer-friendly electronic marketplace has significantly reduced order processing times (for example, order processing time for the General Light Bulb Division dropped from one week to one day), reduced order processing costs, and reduced the price of purchased items by 10% - -15%.

2.2.3. Intermediary-controlled market strategy

It is a market strategy established by a third party other than buyers and sellers to match the needs and prices of buyers and sellers. Fast Parts is an electronic marketplace that specializes in trading overstocked electronic components. It has a large amount of information on suppliers and buyers. The company usually auctions goods through the electronic market based on product information on overstocked electronic components from companies that do not want to disclose their company names to users. This benefits all three parties: the seller obtains a higher sales price than traditional dealers bid; the buyer quickly obtains the electronic components it needs at market prices. More importantly, the "quick match" company inspects these products and These products are given a full quality guarantee; the "Quick Match" company earns an 8% commission. In this market, all three parties are winners, and the only losers may be traditional dealers.

However, the emergence of intermediary-controlled electronic markets does not necessarily exclude traditional middlemen. For example, the company "Digital Markets" has established an electronic market for electronic components. Its purpose is not to change the relationship between buyers and sellers, but to make transactions more efficient. It provides the buyer's order to the distributor through the electronic market, and then feeds back the price, delivery and other information to the buyer. Digital Marketplace companies also enable buyers to confirm and track their orders. To do this, the company charges the seller a certain transaction fee, but the buyer does not have to pay for it.

3. Design of e-commerce solution

3.1 E-commerce server and e-commerce shopping process

E-commerce refers to the use of digital electronic methods for business data exchange and Carry out business activities. E-commerce system is a process in which all parties involved in business activities, including stores, consumers, banks or financial institutions, information companies or securities companies, and governments, use computer network technology to fully realize electronic online transactions.

The key to the e-commerce system is to fully realize the online payment function. Therefore, in order to successfully complete the entire transaction process, it is necessary to establish an e-commerce service system, a universal electronic transaction payment method and mechanism, and to ensure that all parties participating in the transaction and all partners can Conduct all business activities safely and securely.

Since e-commerce is conducted on networks such as the Internet, the network is the most basic structure of e-commerce; e-commerce also emphasizes the use of system software and hardware, buyers, sellers, and banks participating in the transaction. Or financial institutions, manufacturers, enterprises and all partners must be closely integrated in the Internet, Intranet, and Extranet to jointly engage in commercial electronic applications in a network computing environment.

3.1.1 Electronic wallet

Electronic wallet is a payment tool commonly used by customers in e-commerce shopping activities. It is a new wallet commonly used when shopping for small amounts or purchasing small commodities. Shopping using an e-wallet usually needs to be done in the e-wallet service system. E-wallet software in e-commerce activities is usually provided free of charge. You can directly use the e-wallet software on the e-commerce system server connected to your bank account, or you can transfer it from the Internet and use the Internet in various confidential ways. e-wallet software. There are currently two major e-wallet service systems in the world, VISAcash and Mondex. Other e-wallet service systems include MasterCardcash, EuroPay's Clip and Belgium's Proton.

Customers who use e-wallets are usually in banks. Have an account. When using an electronic wallet, install the relevant application software on the e-commerce server, and use the electronic wallet service system to input the data on your various electronic currencies or electronic financial cards. When a payment occurs, if the customer wants to pay with an electronic credit card, such as a Visa card or MasterCard card, the customer only needs to click the corresponding item (or corresponding icon) to complete the payment. People often refer to this electronic payment method as Known as one-click or tap payment methods.

Only electronic money can be completely loaded into the electronic wallet, that is, electronic cash, electronic change, safe change, electronic credit card, online money, digital currency, etc. These electronic payment tools can all support one-click payment methods.

In the e-commerce service system, there is a functional management module for electronic money and electronic wallets, called the electronic wallet manager. Customers can use it to change the confidentiality password or confidentiality method, and use it to check their own bank. Electronic money accounts, lists and data of payments and receipts on the account. There is also an electronic transaction recorder in the e-commerce service system. By querying the recorder, customers can learn what items they have purchased and how much they have purchased, and they can also print out the query results.

3.1.2 E-commerce server

To carry out actual electronic trade and transaction business on the Internet, we must first establish an e-commerce system. The core of the e-commerce system is to establish an e-commerce server. E-commerce systems usually adopt a client/server working method. In this way, an electronic wallet can usually be used on the client side to conduct e-commerce transactions. Software for using e-wallets can be obtained from service companies related to e-commerce systems. Generally, there is no need to pay, and it can also be downloaded from the Internet. In other words, e-wallet application software is usually provided free of charge and is easy to use. Convenient and fast. The e-commerce security and confidentiality server also uses corresponding password encryption algorithms to protect digital confidential data, such as confidentiality services for digital signatures. The server software on the server side is called an e-commerce payment system, also known as an e-commerce cashier system. E-commerce system service companies have established a safe, reliable and insured connection between traditional banks and the Internet. Three payment methods are usually used on e-commerce servers, namely electronic credit cards and electronic bank savings cards, electronic money and electronic checks and electronic cash. . The electronic credit card held by the customer can be used to purchase various "hard" goods, such as clothes, various supplies and fruits. The e-commerce server can be used to process tens of thousands of credit card transactions that occur every day in a timely manner on the same day. Customers can use e-commerce payment tools such as electronic money, electronic checks, and electronic cash to not only purchase traditional hard goods, but also It can be used to purchase "soft" goods, which can be transferred to others or given to relatives and friends, such as buying stocks, bonds and other financial products. It can be used for almost any expense. Using electronic change (also called safe change) can also be used for multimedia information services, such as developing a photo. Some people write game programs in Java language, for example, writing a pinball game like the one played by the Japanese. At this time, you can use this kind of electronic pocket money to play games; you can use it to buy a greeting card for a friend, or you can use it to Send an e-card to a friend and more.

3.1.3 General e-commerce transaction process

The general e-commerce transaction process can be divided into the following four stages:

1. Preparation before transaction.

This stage mainly refers to the preparatory activities between the buyer and seller and all parties participating in the transaction before signing the contract.

(1) Based on the goods they want to buy, the buyer prepares the purchase price, formulates a purchase plan, conducts source market research and market analysis, repeatedly conducts market inquiries, understands the trade policies of each seller's country, repeatedly modifies the purchase plan and purchase plan, and determines and approve purchase plans. Then determine the type, quantity, specification, price, purchase location and transaction method of the goods to be purchased according to the plan, especially using the Internet and various e-commerce networks to find satisfactory goods and merchants; (2) The seller determines the type, quantity, specification, price, purchase location and transaction method of the goods according to the plan; products, hold product press conferences, produce advertisements for promotion, conduct comprehensive market research and market analysis, formulate various sales strategies and sales methods, understand the trade policies of various buyer countries, use the Internet and various e-commerce networks to publish product advertisements, Find trading partners and trading opportunities to expand the scope of trade and the market share of commodities. Other parties involved in the transaction include intermediaries, banks and financial institutions, credit card companies, customs systems, commodity inspection systems, insurance companies, tax systems, and transportation companies. They are also ready for e-commerce transactions.

2. Negotiate transactions and sign contracts.

This stage mainly refers to the negotiation between the buyer and the seller on all transaction details, and the results of the negotiation between the two parties are determined in the form of documents, that is, the trade contract is signed in the form of written documents and electronic documents. The characteristic of e-commerce is that e-commerce trade contracts can be signed. Both parties to the transaction can use modern electronic communication equipment and communication methods, and after careful negotiation and consultation, the rights and obligations of both parties in the transaction, and the rights and obligations of the purchased goods. Contract terms such as type, quantity, price, delivery location, delivery date, transaction method and transportation method, breach of contract and claims, etc., are all fully specified in the electronic transaction contract. Both parties to the contract can use electronic data interchange (EDI) to sign the contract. , can be signed by digital signature, etc.

3. Complete the procedures before the transaction.

This stage mainly refers to the process of completing various formalities between the buyer and the seller after signing the contract and before the contract begins to be performed. It is also the transaction preparation process before the trade between the two parties. Relevant parties must be involved in the transaction, which may involve intermediaries, banks and financial institutions, credit card companies, customs systems, commodity inspection systems, insurance companies, tax systems, transportation companies, etc. Buyers and sellers must use EDI to communicate with relevant parties. The exchange of various electronic bills and electronic documents until all procedures for shipping the purchased goods from the seller to the buyer as stipulated in the contract are completed.

4. Performance of transaction contracts and claims.

This stage starts after the buyer and seller have completed all the various procedures. The seller has to prepare and assemble the goods, and at the same time carry out customs declaration, insurance, certificate collection, credit, etc. The seller delivers the purchased goods to the transportation company. During packaging, shipping, and delivery, buyers and sellers can track the goods sent through the e-commerce server. Banks and financial institutions also process the receipt and payment of both parties, conduct settlement, and issue corresponding bank documents according to the contract until the buyer receives the purchased goods. , completed the entire transaction process. Claims are the work that needs to be done when a breach of contract occurs during the transaction between the buyer and the seller. The injured party has to claim compensation from the defaulting party.

3.1.4 Basic procedures for e-commerce transactions

After making preparations for the transaction, the buyers and sellers participating in the transaction usually carry out e-commerce transaction activities in accordance with e-commerce standards. , e-commerce standards stipulate the basic procedures that should be followed in e-commerce transactions, which are briefly described as follows:

The customer submits a product quotation request (REQOTE) to the supplier, stating the product information he wants to purchase;

The supplier responds to the customer with a quotation (QUOTES) for the product and explains the quotation information of the product;

The customer submits a product purchase order (ORDERS) to the supplier, explaining the product that has been initially determined to be purchased. Information;

The supplier's response (ORDESP) to the customer's product purchase order, indicating whether the product is available and the specifications, models, varieties, quality and other information;

The customer According to the response, ask whether there is a change request for the purchase order (ORDCHG), indicating the finalized purchase product information;

The customer submits a product transportation description (IFTMIN) to the supplier, indicating the means of transportation, delivery location and other information ;

The supplier sends a shipping notice (BESADN) to the customer, describing the transportation company, shipping location, transportation equipment, packaging and other information;

The customer sends it back to the supplier Receipt notification (RECADV) reports receipt information;

Both parties send and receive remittance notifications (REMADV), the buyer issues a remittance notification, and the seller reports receipt information;

Suppliers send to customers The party sends an electronic invoice (INVOIC), the buyer receives the goods, the seller receives the payment and issues an electronic invoice to complete the entire transaction.

3.1.5 Electronic Wallet Shopping Process

Here is the entire process of how to use electronic wallets and electronic credit cards to process shopping transactions and conduct e-commerce activities in e-commerce activities.

1． The main roles participating in e-commerce activities

(1) Customers (shoppers, consumers);

(2) Sales stores (or e-commerce sellers);

(3) Commercial banks (banks that participate in e-commerce, customers and sales stores all have accounts or open accounts in the bank);

(4) Credit card companies (service companies where customers use credit cards) ;

(5) Internet (public public network);

(6) E-commerce server.

2． The main tools in e-commerce activities

(1) Terminal (including computers, data exchange equipment and data communication equipment used by customers);

(2) Electronic wallet: for electronic wallet The password is kept confidential;

(3) International credit card: The credit card number is encrypted using a confidentiality algorithm;

(4) Goods;

(5) Electronic order form: The order form for purchasing goods entered by the customer on the computer;

(6) Encrypted electronic purchase bill: it contains the code of the customer from the sales store;

(7) Electronic receipt : Sales stores use computers and the Internet to send electronic receipts to customers who have purchased goods.

3． Electronic wallet shopping process

(1) Customers (ie shopping consumers) sit in front of their computers and search for the items they want to buy through the Internet (public public network).

(2) The customer enters the order form on the computer, including which product is purchased from which sales store and how much is purchased. The order form also indicates when and where the goods will be delivered and to whom. Who and other information.

(3) Contact the relevant store through the e-commerce server and get an immediate response, telling the customer the unit price of the purchased goods and the amount of payment payable.