Because of its high germination rate and strong branching, Hongyang kiwifruit is difficult to put the finished seedlings on the shelves within 1 year. Therefore, we can plant robust 1 year-old seedlings without pests and diseases first. When the seedlings grow to about 1.5m, they are denucleated and branched. In the early spring of the following year (before the bleeding point), the strong branches of high-yield plants are selected for single-bud cutting, and generally 2-4 buds in different directions are grafted. The ratio of male to female plants is 8: 1 (but in actual production, Pujiang growers generally use one or two male plants per mu). After sufficient fertilizer and water management and multiple coring, 15-20 fruiting mother branches can generally be formed.

Second, the rational shaping and pruning of Hongyang kiwifruit

Plastic surgery adopts a single trunk "Y" shape. Except for two main branches, the rest are used as fruiting mother branches in the first year, and the branches are thinned after fruit picking. The main branches bear as little fruit as possible, promote branching and cover the shelf surface. In the growing season, the long branches are mainly cored, and the unsuitable buds in the growing parts are erased. When pruning in winter, in addition to renewing weak fruit branches, short fruit branches should be drained, and long fruit branches should be drained or 5-7 buds should be left for pruning again. Long fruit branches leave 15-20 buds, and middle fruit branches leave 7- 13 buds. Short branches are generally left in the empty position in the inner hall, and full buds are cut off. If they are too dense, they should be thinned out. Twenty days before fruit picking, we should combine summer pruning, cut off some shade branches, color the fruit surface, and speed up the synthesis of red pigment in pulp. Male plants are retracted and pruned immediately after flowering.

Three, Hongyang kiwifruit fertilizer and water management

Fertilization is basically divided into three times: first, spring germination accelerating fertilizer, in the first half of February, 0.2-0.3 kg urea, 0.4-0.5 kg compound fertilizer or 50 kg biogas slurry are applied to each adult tree, and young trees are halved, and shallow ditches are dug in the tree tray for application; Second, the fruit is swollen and fat, because Hongyang kiwifruit has a large amount of flowers and consumes a lot of nutrients, so the fruit is swollen and fat. It should be applied immediately after flowering, combined with potassium and nitrogen fertilizer, and it is best to add decomposed human and animal manure or biogas slurry. This fertilizer can also promote new shoots, which can not only be used as fruiting branches in the second year, but also protect fruits from sunburn. The third is base fertilizer, which is the basis of annual fertilization, accounting for more than 70% of the total annual fertilization. The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the situation of the tree. Generally, decomposed bran fertilizer 10kg, enzyme bacterial fertilizer 5kg, stable manure 30kg, weeds 5kg and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0.5kg are applied in the way of hole expansion, and the depth should reach 1755. Water should be sprayed in time in early spring and drought in July.

Iv. Flower and Fruit Management of Hongyang Kiwifruit

First, pollination, kiwifruit is dioecious, and the pollination quality directly affects the yield. Therefore, in order to improve the pollination rate, artificial pollination or bee release in the park is generally adopted. Generally, 3-4 male plants are planted per mu in Pujiang County. Because there are few male plants, artificial pollination is generally adopted.

Secondly, bagging kiwifruit is one of the cultivation measures to improve fruit quality, which is widely used in production. The research on bagging technology of kiwifruit started late, and gradually rose after 2006. Its appearance can reduce fruit sunburn, control the harm of pests and diseases, reduce the application amount of pesticides, and promote the development of pollution-free and green fruits. The research by the Institute of Forest and Fruit of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences confirmed that different fruit bags have an effect on the color and quality of "Hongyang" kiwifruit. Three kinds of fruit bags were used in the experiment: single-layer bag with yellow outside and black inside (a), double-layer bag with yellow outside and black inside (b) and double-layer bag with yellow outside and red inside (c). The results showed that the number of layers of fruit bag was directly proportional to the surface brightness of fruit. With the same number of layers, the inner black layer has more obvious effect on improving the brightness of fruit surface than the inner red layer. For pulp, the effect of internal red on improving pulp whiteness is better than that of internal black; The softening period of kiwifruit after bagging was delayed by 4 ~ 5d days compared with the control, and the days of treatment B (double-layer bag with yellow outside and black inside) were delayed the most. The single fruit weight after single-layer bag treatment is larger, and the single fruit weight after double-layer bag treatment twice is smaller than that after single-layer bag treatment. Treatment B (double bag with yellow outside and black inside) has the highest Vc content. To sum up, the choice of double-layer bag with yellow outside and black inside has a good comprehensive effect on improving the color and quality of kiwifruit.

Thirdly, the kiwifruit storage problem, kiwifruit is extremely tolerant to storage and transportation, and the resulting loss is sometimes as high as 30-50%. At present, kiwifruit preservation mainly adopts mechanical refrigeration or modified atmosphere storage at home and abroad. In recent years, the application of chemical preservatives is the most common. For example, potassium oxalate (salicylic acid) treatment can effectively inhibit the loss of vitamin C and postharvest fruit rot in mango storage. However, with consumers' concern about the toxicity of chemical preservatives, a new type of preservative-natural preservative has appeared all over the world. For example, chitosan can effectively prolong the storage period of Chinese kiwifruit to 80 days at room temperature, while maintaining good quality and flavor of the fruit. In the best edible period, the Vc content, the total sugar content and the soluble solid content of the fruit were kept at 180-230mg/ 100g, 8.0- 10.0% and16-/7% respectively. Chitosan is rich in resources, simple in preparation, low in price (less in dosage), non-toxic and tasteless, simple in operation and remarkable in effect. Experiments show that the treatment effect of low concentration is better than that of high concentration.

Five, pest control

There are not many diseases and insect pests in Hongyang kiwifruit, among which mulberry white scale is the main pest on Donghong kiwifruit. Nymphs and female adults cluster on branches, branches and leaves, sucking juice, which reduces the vitality of trees, harms fruits, lowers fruit grades and affects the commercial value of fruits. Buprofezin is an insect growth regulator, and it is a conventional drug to control mulberry bark disease. It must be used in 1 year and the early stage of 2 years to ensure good control effect. Studies have proved that spraying 500 mg of active ingredient/L buprofezin 1-2 times in the nymph stage can achieve good control effect. In addition to routine chemicals, measures such as pruning in winter should be combined to reduce the density of mulberry white scale in spring in order to achieve good control effect.

Although there are few pests and diseases in Hongyang kiwifruit, its ability to resist canker is very weak, and it is impossible to achieve good control effect by chemical control alone. After years of field observation, a more effective control technology of Hongyang kiwifruit canker was initially explored. First, the inspection of seedlings has been strengthened, and it is forbidden to transport seedlings, scions and cuttings from epidemic areas to prevent problems before they happen. The second is to strengthen the cultivation techniques and measures to enhance the tree potential and improve the disease resistance of the tree; Third, closely cooperate with measures such as spraying chemicals on trees and smearing chemicals on branches in spring and autumn. Chemical control of canker should focus on three key periods: autumn, dormant period (from winter cutting to germination) and germination period. Among them, Beryllium-sulfur mixture, thiamethoxam and Wuningmycin are routine agents to control kiwifruit canker. In areas with high altitude and low temperature, heat preservation measures should be taken in winter.