1. Shortcut
Cutting off a part of an annual branch is called chopping. There must be leaf buds when the short branches are cut. The function of short cutting is to reduce the number of leaf buds and flower buds on short cutting branches, strengthen the growth ability of new shoots of short cutting branches, reduce the branch position and enhance the branch ability.
Light and short cutting: cut off 1∕5 less than the total length of annual branches. The new shoots sprouted in the following year have weak growth potential, but there are many new shoots, which are mostly used to cultivate medium, short and bouquetlike fruit branches. Or increase the number of fruiting branches and control the growth of new shoots after lightly cutting strong fruiting branches.
Medium and short cuttings: cut off 1∕2 of the full length of annual branches, and all the buds under the cuttings are full. The new shoots germinated in the second year have strong growth potential, and a large number of robust new shoots are extracted, which are mostly used to prune the extension branches of the main side branches.
Heavy and short pruning: 2∕3~3∕4 of the total length of annual branches are pruned, and the plumpness of buds under the cutting mouth is poor, but the pruning amount is large, so the new shoots germinated in the second year have strong growth potential, but the number of new shoots is small, which is mostly used to control the pruning of strong branches.
Extremely heavy and short cut: cut off more than 5∕6 of the total length of annual branches, and the branches sprouting in the second year are weak. This cutting method is mostly used to cultivate fruit branches with developing branches and overgrown fruit branches.
Sparse branches
Thinning from the base is called thinning, also called pruning. Thinning branches can reduce the density of branches in the crown, improve the ventilation condition of the crown, make the storage nutrition in the tree relatively concentrated and promote the growth of new shoots; Pruning will inhibit the upper part of the wound and promote the lower part of the wound. Removing useless twigs, pests, overgrown, overlapping and shady branches can promote the growth of the remaining branches.
Play longer.
Don't cut off the annual branches, let them grow naturally. Long-term planting can keep the most buds on branches and slow down the growth of new shoots in the next year. Too long fruiting branches or long fruiting branches with excessive growth potential will weaken the apical dominance and promote the formation of short and medium fruiting branches.
retract
Refers to the short cut of perennial branches, also known as pruning. Retraction can reduce the total length of branches, concentrate nutrients and water on the remaining branches, promote the growth of lower branches, and be beneficial to the rejuvenation of trees. Its function is to improve the light conditions in the crown, reduce the fruiting position, change the extension direction and angle of the extension branches, control the crown and prolong the fruiting period.