Shanghai French Concession (French: La Concession fran? How are you? ), located in Luwan and Xuhui District, Shanghai. The earliest, largest and most prosperous French Concessions in modern China. (The other three are Tianjin French Concession, Hankou French Concession and Guangzhou French Concession (Shamian)). It is also one of the two concessions in Shanghai (the other is the Shanghai concession).
Settings; build
1849 opened.
develop
1900 slightly expanded. 19 14 expansion: French-New Concession,1920s developed into the best residential area in Shanghai.
take back
1943 ended in August and lasted for nearly a hundred years.
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resident
French national
Xujiahui, next to the French Concession, is one of the two activity centers of Catholic French Jesuits in China (the other is xian county, Hebei). Various church institutions-St. ignatius's Church, Bishop's House, several monasteries, observatories, printing houses, libraries, male and female secondary schools, etc. Form a large-scale church area. Catholicism in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces is derived from here. 1861On June 29th, the first Catholic church (St. Joseph's Church in Pichin) was built in the French Concession. Aurora University and Guangci Hospital are located in the center of the French Concession. Catholic missions and parishes in other places have also set up accounting offices in Shanghai French Concession to manage real estate.
In contrast, France's trade with China is not prosperous enough, and only a few French firms in the French Concession export raw silk to Lyon.
British and American expatriates
/kloc-During the period of 0/920s, British and American businessmen operating in the French Concession chose to build houses in the French Concession. Americans built the American Men's College and the International Chapel on Bettan Road.
Belarusian refugees
During the period of tsarist Russia, Russia's influence in Shanghai was relatively small. There were 402 people in 19 15, and only 4 1 people lived in the French Concession.
19 17 After the October Revolution, 7,000 Russian refugees poured into Shanghai, and a large number of nobles. 193 1 year, after Japanese occupation of northeast China, a large number of Russian overseas Chinese moved from Harbin to Shanghai. In 1930s, the total number of Russian overseas Chinese in Shanghai was1.5,000 to 20,000. 1934, there were 8260 Russian nationals in the French Concession. (There are 30 1935 Russian nationals in Gongx * * Concession). They built two beautiful Orthodox churches in the French Concession: Notre Dame Hall and Saint Nicholas Hall.
Belarus managed to move to the French Concession after gaining a firm foothold in Shanghai Hongkou Tilanqiao. In 1920, the number of Russian nationals in the French Concession was only 2 10, and in 1934, it increased to 8260. Most of them live in Ban Lü Road, Huanlong Road and route pere robert in the center of the French Concession, and open clothing stores, bakeries and cafes in the center of Joffrey Street. Make Joffrey Street the most romantic commercial street in Shanghai.
There are many musicians, dancers and painters among Belarusian immigrants. Under their impetus, opera and ballet flourished in Shanghai. The band members of the Ministry of Industry and the French Concession Ministry of Industry are mostly Russian. They also trained a number of outstanding musicians in China, including Fu Cong.
Chinese resident
During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, the French Concession in Shanghai began to prosper because of the influx of Chinese. 19 10, the number of China people in the French Concession in Shanghai exceeded 65,438+10,000. Nearly 500,000 before the Anti-Japanese War. During the island period, it increased to 825342. At the same time, the business district of China gradually extends from Guan Highway to the east of Joffrey Street via Baxian Bridge.
The French Concession in Shanghai is also the base camp of gangs and the prosperous place of Huang and Du.
1During the 1920s and 1930s, many French elites built garden villas in French Concession residential areas in the west.
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operate
Guangdong bureau
Patrol room
Partition capture room ***6:
1. Central Capture Center: Li Xuehua Road, Lujiawan.
2. Mailan capture room: Laobeimen Gongguan Road.
3. Joffre Street is under house arrest.
4. Fuxi Road is under house arrest.
5. Betancourt Road is under house arrest.
6. Xiaodongmen is under house arrest.
Mixed court.
Prison.
road
New concession:
Avenue joffre-Huaihai Middle Road
Betan Avenue, Betan Road-hengshan road
Haige Avenue-Road-Huashan Road
Albert Avenue-Shaanxi South Road
Dubai Avenue, Ban Lü Road-Chongqing South Road
Fuxu Avenue-Fuxi Road-Yan 'an Middle Road and Jinling West Road
Massenet Road-Masi South Road-Sinan Road
Jufu Road Route dufour-Wushi South Road
Julaida Road Route Ratard- Julu Road
Bei Le Road-Huangpi South Road
Lieutenant IOT Street, Chengdu South Road, Beibei Road
Notre Dame Road-Ruijinyi Road
Route Cardinal messer Road, Maierxi Ai Lu-Maoming South Road
Baisai middle road Fuxing west road
Huanlong Road Route Valley-Nanchang Road (yandang road to Xiangyang South Road)
Dula Road-Xiangyang South Road
Robert Road-Ruijin No.2 Road, Robert Road
Pushi Road-Changle Road
John Calvin Ferguson Road Route Ferguson-Wu Kang Road
Lafayette Road Route Lafayette-Fuxing Middle Road
J. Fululi Road-Jianguo West Road
Li Xuehua Road Route stanislas Knight-Jianguo Middle Road
Kangti Road-Jianguo East Road
Ancient priest road route pere huc- Yongfu road
Hualong Road Route Wolong-yandang road
Bixun Road Route Bichong-Fenyang Road
Mainini Road Route /Rue Marcel magni ny- Kangping Road
Maiyang Road Route Mayanhuating Road
Maigaobao Road/Lumage Boluolongmen Road
Maiqi Road Maoji Urumqi Middle Road
Laoerdeng Road, Luodun Road, Xiangyang North Road
Route Camille Lorioz Taian Road, Laoliyu Road
Dumei Road Route Douban Donghu Road
Henry road route p. Henry Xinle road
Wen Lin road
Baojian Road Route portal Baoqing Road
Goulding road, route a. Charles Culty Hu South Road
Zhao Highway Route Manager maresca
Yao Lu Line Manager. Prosperous Paris
Groxi road Yanqing road
Enli River Road Route Henry Riviere Taojiang Road
Tang Ai Road Route Yidan Qing Yu Road
Gao En Road Route A. Cohen Gaoan Road
Taoerfeis Road Route Dolves Nanchang Road (Chongqing South Road to yandang road)
Leishang road route Remi
Pan Xing Road Route General Pan Xing Wu Xinglu (Huaihai Middle Road to hengshan road)
Kaufman, Guofumen Road, Route Anting Road
Xujiahui Road in the legal circle-Xujiahui Road and Zhaojiabang Road.
Yongshan Road Father Meng Road
Xiangshan Road Moliere Road
Jia Ai Lu Jia Ni er, route Francis Dongping Road
Cassini, Jiaxi Road, Taikang Road
Desland on Tieshan Road, Guangyuan Road on Picard Road.
Aimaiyu Co., Ltd. Road Emmanuel III, Route Shaoxing Road
Gao Naiyi Road Gaolan Road.
Gaoyou road Gaodi road H.Cordier
Anfu Road Dupree Road
Guba Road, Courbet Road and Fumin Road
Kang, Shi Gan East Road, Jiashan Road
Xing Wu Lulu Bailitu Road (South Section)
Taiyuan road
Desland, Desland Road, Guangyuan Road, Picard Road
Adina, Yatian South Road, Anting Road
West Essex Road, West Ayers, Route Hervid Yongjia Road
Anakin Road Hennekun, Dongtai Road
Qiqi Road Route Jisi Yueyang Road
Old concession:
Aiduoya Road Education Avenue VII-Yan 'an East Road
Mingdiniyin Road Montigny Avenue-Tibet South Road
Bund, France; , the Bund, France; France Wharf-Zhongshan Donger Road
France Republic Road Public Avenue-Renmin Road
Guan Highway/Fada Road-Jinling East Road
Matthew Street (Road) Shandong South Road, Maidian Road.
Zhubaoshan Road, Zhubaoshan Road, Xikou Road, Zhubaoshan Road
Wagner Street, Ninghai West Road, Wagner Road, Wagner Road
Huiji Road Huasheng (Cheng) Street
Zilaihuohang East Street Yongshou Road Perez Street
Jiangxi South Road Jixiang Street Xiao
Laobeimen Road (Street) North Gate, Henan South Road (Renmin Road North Section)
Laoyongan Street Laguerre Street Yongan Road
Milot, Milu Road, Fangbang West Road, Rue
Parikau, Baliqiao Road, South Yunnan Road
Laguerre Street, Laher Road and Yong 'an Road.
Dongxinqiao Neighborhood Zhejiang South Road
Catholic Church Street/Mengduban Road-Sichuan South Road
Zilai Street-Zijin Road
Ruide Taikoo Road (1) Ku-Gao Qiao Road
Fuzhou Road-Fujian South Road Zhengjiamuqiao (Street) Road
Ningbo-Luning Band, Huaihai East Road, France
Huangdai road
Caishijie Ninghai East Road
Taicang Road Pubai Road (West Section)
Belbes Road, Baoluo Road-Chongqing Middle Road
Bayer Road Rueuginebard (East Section) and Zizhong Road (East Section); Taicang Road (North Section)
Xizilai Huojie Road Desaigou-Guangxi South Road
Villemont road, Villemont road
Songshan Road Gro Road Balan Road Gross
Clark Road-Liulin Road
Buissonnet Road-Shouning Road
Allegra Road Route /Rue Soeur Allegre Taoyuan Road
Aolihe Road Liuhekou Road
Malang Road/Brenier-Madang Road, Monmoran Street, Berenice
Messerdi, Xing 'an Road, Marcel Tilo Street, Luo Lu
Sabosai road
Hefei Road Observatory Road
Father Dulu's bomb shelter, route Yongnian Road
Galle Road, Ji 'an Road
Chua's Road, Shunchang Road
Wang Zhi Road Wangci Xingye Road
Xizang South Road (South Section) Zhaozhou Road
Ji 'nan Road Pingjili Road
The gate of West Street; , Ximen Road; Simen road zizhong road
Real estate.
Sassoon: Hua Mao Apartment and Ling Jun Apartment (now Jinjiang Hotel)
entertainment industry
World playground
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A. Culture
school
Aurora University, Ban Lü Road (Chongqing South Road)
hospital
Jinjielu (Ruijiner Road) Guangci Hospital
religion
Notre Dame Cathedral, corner of Henry Road (Xinle Road) and Raul East Road (Xiangyang North Road)
Gao Naiyi Road (Gaolan Road) Orthodox St. Nicholas Church
Pushi Road (Changle Road) Catholic King's Church
Ban Lü Road (Chongqing South Road) Catholic St. Peter's Church
Catholic Church Street (Sichuan South Road) Catholic St. Joseph's Church
International Chapel, Bitan Road (hengshan road)
Lafayette Road (Fuxing Middle Road) Episcopal Church
Anglican Church of Our Saviour Zhaobishang Road (Wuyuan Road)
Minguo Road (Renmin Road) No.1 Baptist Church
New Jewish synagogue, Dula Road (Xiangyang South Road)
British concession
1842 65438+In February, Pu Dingcha recommended Captain Buffel as the first British consul in Shanghai, and gave him an important task-to find a long-term settlement for the British. 1843165438+1On the evening of October 8, Pavel came to Shanghai with six assistants. Early the next morning, he rushed to the Daotai yamen and met with the Shanghai local official Daotai Gongmujiu. Gong Mujiu politely led Baffo to the living room to be caring and attentive. As soon as Ba Fu took his seat, he said straight to the point: "My Lord Daotai, according to the treaty signed between your country and China, Shanghai has been turned into a trading port. I came to the door this time to discuss the specific opening time with Daotai adults. "
As a local official of the Qing government, Gong Mujiu certainly dared not disagree with the treaty signed by the imperial court, so the two sides quickly reached an agreement. Seeing that Gong Mujiu was so frank, he decided to open a port. Buffel came to his senses. When he came, he was thinking about finding a good piece of land in the county town of Shanghai and building a magnificent British consulate. "I'm new here, and I want to associate with adults in the future. If it's not too much trouble, can you ask an adult to help you find a piece of land in the city to build a consulate? " Buffel said quietly.
These words made Gong Mujiu break out in a cold sweat. Think about it. If Chinese and foreign people live together in the future, it will inevitably cause some trouble. At this time, the court could not afford to blame itself. Suppressing his displeasure, he paused and said, "Mr. Consul, the county seat of Shanghai is called' Little Suzhou', with a large population. The city is already crowded, and there is really no room for building a museum. If the consul doesn't mind, I'd like to do it for the consul outside the city. "
Baffo was annoyed at Gong Mujiu's refusal, but he refused to give up. For several days, on the one hand, he sent people around the city to look for rented houses; On the other hand, he constantly put pressure on Gong Mujiu, threatening to set up tents in the city to live and work if he could not find a house. Just when the negotiations between the two sides reached a deadlock, a China businessman took the initiative to find Baffour and offered to rent his house to Baffour as a consulate. Buffel seemed to find a lifeline and immediately rented this 52-room old house.
Gong Mujiu saw that it was no use crying over spilt milk, so he had to report it to the court on the grounds of not disturbing the people.
The negotiation lasted for two years, and the annual rent per mu was only 1500.
Shortly after his death in Hai 'an, Shanghai, Buffel announced that Shanghai officially opened in June 1843+065438+ 10/7. Within a month and a half after the port was opened, 1 1 a foreign firm flooded into Shanghai. British missionaries, doctors, consulate staff, etc. Also poured in. At the same time, adventurers, nouveau riche, comprador, financier, businessman and even gang hooligans from all over China also gathered in it. At that time, the whistle in the Huangpu River continued, and the roadside was full of lights.
The fire burns all night; Suits, ties, dresses, and jackets are side by side, and the four dialects are mixed with European and American languages.
Since ordinary people in Shanghai have rarely seen foreigners before, they are always curious when they see foreigners marching in groups in the city. Foreigners' eating, dressing, drinking tea and even walking are watched by passers-by. At the same time, some foreigners took advantage of the weakness of the Qing court to make trouble everywhere, so disputes and frictions between China and foreign countries continued. Once, a Christian named Yao was arrested for doing evil, and Bavel threatened to send warships to force the Qing government to release him. The incident ended with Gong Mujiu being released and apologizing.
Afterwards, Baffo lost no time to visit Gong Mujiu again. "Daotai's adult, a lot of unhappiness between us is because we don't have our own residence. I took a fancy to the barren beach by the Huangpu River outside the county. I don't know if adults can sell it to us. " Baffour envisaged buying the whole land and subletting it to foreigners.
In fact, Gong Mujiu also has this idea. In order to avoid disputes, he suggested to Bi Chang, Governor of Liangjiang and Sun Shanbao, Governor of Jiangsu, a few days ago that foreigners should be given a piece of land and separated from them. However, the two old bureaucrats neither agreed nor opposed it, but left the Shanghai local foreign negotiations to him to decide for himself. Knowing that the boss deliberately passed the buck, he had to take over the hot potato.
After listening to Baford's suggestion, Gong Mujiu waved, "According to the Qing statutes, land can't be sold to you. But it is ok to rent it to you. "
In the following two years, Baffour and Gong Mujiu held intermittent negotiations on land lease, and finally they reached an understanding on the scope, procedures and matters that foreigners should abide by. 1845165438+1On October 29th, Gong Mujiu announced 23 articles of association of Shanghai Land. This charter, regarded as the "fundamental law" of Shanghai Concession, demarcated the boundaries of the concession: from Pidgin in the south (now Yan 'an East Road), to Lijiachang in the north (now beijing east road), to Huangpu River in the east and to Jielu Road in the west (now Henan Middle Road, 1846), with an area of about 830 mu, with an annual rent of 1500 per mu. The promulgation of the articles of association marks the emergence of the first concession in China's modern history-the British Concession.
The concession was built in a "shanty town" and was originally managed by the Qing government.
In the early days of British Concession, territorial sovereignty, land jurisdiction, judicial power and administrative power were still in charge of the Qing government.
Soon, foreigners living in Shanghai moved into the concession. In order to prevent disputes between China and foreign countries, Baffo, after consulting with Miyagi, also stipulated that China residents were not allowed to live in the concession. Later, the regulations became stricter. China people are only allowed to do business in the concession during the day and must return to the urban area at night. Even China employees employed by foreigners are not allowed to live with their owners. At that time, the population of the concession was also very small. According to records, two years after the appearance of the Concession, there were only 134 foreigners. The living facilities in the concession are not perfect, and the buildings are basically "shanty towns". Fu Jun, a British botanist who first came to Shanghai, once recalled the humble room where he lived: "Every morning, the rain soaked his clothes. When it snows, six people fly out and go in through the window gap. " Until the beginning of 1849, the first batch of brick and wood buildings were built on the Bund by foreign firms, and bamboo sheds were gradually eliminated.
With more and more foreigners coming to Shanghai, the British consul is also planning to expand the concession area and seek more power. 1848, Aligo, the new British consul in Shanghai, formally put forward the request to expand the British concession. In June165438+1October, China and Britain signed a contract to expand the area of British concession to 2820 mu. 1853, the Daohui uprising occupied the county seat of Shanghai, and a large number of China refugees flooded into the concession, which provided excellent opportunities for foreign businessmen to make a fortune. Because during the uprising of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom at that time, many foreign firms engaged in trade were slow in business. They just used idle funds to build more than 800 simple houses houses along the Pidgin for China refugees to live in and started real estate business.