Authentic tangerine cultivation techniques: tangerine cultivation: shaping and pruning
The purpose of shaping and pruning is to obtain a good and firm tree structure, so as to achieve the purposes of adjusting light, rationally distributing nutrients and balancing tree potential, making it end early, improving the yield of individual plant, controlling the crown within a certain range, and facilitating the management work such as fruit picking, pesticide spraying and pruning. For close-planted orchards, plastic pruning has the function of controlling crown sealing and is an essential technical measure.
Citrus cultivation: young trees promote flowers
To promote the flowering of young citrus trees, we must first strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. According to the principle of fertilizer and water management of young citrus trees, we should take measures such as pulling branches and pruning at the same time of timely fertilization.
After the citrus seedlings are planted, under the normal management, they begin to bear fruit in 3 years and enter the full fruit period in 5 years. However, due to the differences in management, the growth of citrus seems to be too vigorous to bear fruit or less, so it is necessary to adopt flower-promoting techniques for this kind of trees to increase the yield as soon as possible.
Citrus cultivation: soil management
The quality of orchard soil management directly affects the success, yield and quality of orchard construction. Creating soil conditions such as water, fertilizer, gas and heat suitable for citrus growth and development is the fundamental purpose of soil management. The main measures are applying organic fertilizer, intertillage, deep ploughing, reasonable intercropping and mulching to achieve the goal.
How to grow oranges
Citrus cultivation: field crops
During the period of 1-3 years after planting in close-planting citrus orchard, short-stalk crops such as green manure, leguminous crops and vegetables are intercropped between rows, and orange stalks are pressed into the soil, which can increase organic matter, improve the soil and make the soil mature, and can also be used as plastic film in summer.
Citrus cultivation: intertillage weeding
Intertillage weeding 2-3 times a year. During intertillage, shallow tillage should be carried out in the tree tray and deep tillage should be carried out between rows to improve soil air and promote root growth.
Citrus cultivation: covering drought resistance
In winter drought and spring drought, especially in summer when high temperature and summer drought continue, make full use of all kinds of sundries and straws, and fully cover the crown pedals and rows, but not within the range of/0/5-30 cm from the root neck. Pressing into the soil in autumn can achieve the purpose of drought resistance and soil improvement.
Citrus planting: drainage
The drainage and groundwater level in citrus orchards directly affect the growth and development of soil structure and roots, especially in April-May and 9- 10.
Planting oranges: keeping flowers and fruits.
1 one is to strengthen fertilizer and water management, and do a good job in timely and reasonable fertilization and orchard irrigation and drainage according to the requirements of fertilizer and water management.
2. At flowering stage, 0.2%-0.3% urea and 0. 1.2% borax are mixed with water, and sprayed on the crown 1-2 times, once every 7- 10 days.
Pruning in spring and summer: In spring, you can prune flowerless and excessive vegetative branches 1/2 or 1/3, and cut leafless inflorescence branches. Control summer shoots in summer.
4. In full bloom, the flowers are dried by dew on sunny days and then shaken manually.
Planting method of tangerine with green peel 1. plant
1. Generally, when digging a pit, plant 1 10 plants per mu, and plant spacing is 2? 3 m standard fixed-point digging and planting hole, hole length 1 m, depth of 0.8 m. Apply 30 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer 1 kg and chaff fertilizer, mix well with the soil and build a mound 20 cm above the ground.
2. Planting time is in the spring before and after the Spring Festival; Autumn planting is suitable for 65438+1early October to165438+1middle October.
3. Planting method: the seedlings are upright, the roots are evenly spread, the joints are 3-5cm higher than the ground, the broken soil is spread and compacted, the root water is poured thoroughly, and the straw or sugarcane leaves are covered.
Second, the management of young trees
Give priority to tips. Put bamboo shoots 4-5 times in the first year: bamboo shoots (February), summer bamboo shoots (early May and early July) and autumn bamboo shoots (late August and early June of 10). In the second year, the buds were released in four times: spring buds (February), summer buds (early May and mid-July) and autumn buds (mid-September). Starting from the third year, fruit trees will be planted 2-3 times: spring shoots (February), summer shoots (mid-July) and autumn shoots (early September).
1, principles of fertilizer and water management? Two fertilizers and one tip, diligent application and thin application? . 3-4 times a year: apply quick-acting fertilizer 1 time before spring shoots, 1-2 times in mid-July, and apply heavy fertilizer in early September for those with few fruits. For trees with more fruits, apply 1-2 times of available water and fertilizer at the autumn shoot stage, and apply chemical fertilizer again before and after fruit picking. Annual fertilization per mu: 70kg of bran fertilizer, 80kg of compound fertilizer, 200-300kg of pig manure and 60kg of lime.
2. Wipe off the buds sprouting at the base of the main branch by shaping. When putting out buds, erase the sporadic early buds 1-2 times, and then put them evenly after the buds are neat. After the bamboo shoots are sprouted, the buds are thinned, and the weak buds are kept, and 2-3 buds are left on each branch. When the branches are ripe, they should be picked and chopped. The autumn buds of the bearing mother branches cannot be cut short. When the branch angle is too small or too large, the planting technical line or hanging line method of authentic tangerine can be used to make the branch angle around 40-50 degrees.
Third, the management of the result tree
Fertilization is mainly divided into four times a year: the first time is before the spring auction (early February), accounting for about 20% of the annual fertilizer consumption. The second application was before the physiological fruit drop (April), accounting for about 10% of the annual fertilizer consumption. The third application 15- 20 days before the release of autumn shoots (July-August) accounted for about 30% of the annual fertilizer consumption. The fourth time, after fruit picking (65438+February), organic fertilizer was combined with superphosphate, lime and appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for 40% of the annual fertilizer consumption. Other periods can be supplemented according to the growth of fruit trees.
Fertilization method: Dig a rectangular or half-moon fertilization hole with a depth of 20 cm in the opposite direction under the drip line at the edge of the crown. Change the fertilization position every time, and move outward with the continuous expansion of the crown.
2. Cultivate strong autumn buds. Each base branch should have 2-3 new branches with a length of 20-25 cm. The shoots are best placed around beginning of autumn. Those with few strong fruits can be postponed to summer, and those with many weak fruits can be postponed to 5-6 days after summer.
3. Promote flower bud differentiation by fertilizing before fruit picking, pruning and shaping, loosening soil and cutting roots. If winter buds germinate, they should be manually pulled out, or 40 ppm2,4-d or paclobutrazol should be sprayed after the last autumn bud matures to inhibit the germination of winter buds, which is beneficial to leaf protection in winter. Spraying paclobutrazol (100 kg water plus 100 g, about two bags per barrel 18 g/bag of water) on the leaves of trees or young fruit trees, each time 10? Spray once every 14 days.
4. Spraying hormone to promote seedless: spraying 920 in bud stage (before flowering), adding 30_40 kg of water per gram, spraying twice continuously, once every 7 days.
5, flower protection and fruit protection
① Before and after full flowering, topdressing available nitrogen and potassium fertilizer once after physiological fruit drop. ? Qingming? Before and after the application of decomposed bran fertilizer, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50PPM potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed outside the roots. Nine twenty? Improve the fruit setting rate.
② Cutting-edge control. Prune the vigorous spring shoots at the top of the crown and remove the summer shoots in time.
③ Circumferential cutting. For Wang Zhuang tree, after the flowers wither, draw a circle around the trunk or main branch with a knife to cut off the phloem. Don't cut with a saw or a leather ring, pay attention to the depth, and don't hurt the xylem. Ring cutting, trunk ring cutting or main branch ring cutting, cutting a circle until the first physiological fruit drop (which just appears) reaches the xylem; Trees with strong trees or many fruits should be circumcised again before the second physiological fruit drop begins. Other fruit protection measures are the same as those of ordinary citrus (such as spraying boron fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, green Wei Fen, photoperiod, lodging prevention, etc.). ).