The ancient criterion for judging beauty: the beauty of a woman painted by glib lips lies in the skin first, and the white skin is the least common. The essence of women is only white. People often show their eyes and lips, but the defects are only in the skin. "Han nationality was born as a yellow race, and since the pre-Qin period, it has been beautiful to have white skin. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, this concept of "one white covers all the ugliness" was even stronger. The standard of ancient beauty in China is based on the aesthetic concept of the Chinese nation and characterized by the physiological characteristics of women in China. This is because women in China are relatively petite, and their external physiological characteristics are not as prominent as those in the West. They are black and straight, their facial contours are mild and harmonious, their eyes are black or brown, their skin is delicate and yellowish, and their overall curves are soft and symmetrical. The aesthetic concept of China's ancient female images has been described in the works of scholars in past dynasties. Qu Yuan's "Songs of the South" vividly describes the face of beauty from the aesthetic point of view. There are: "Emei is just a man" and "inclusive, beautiful and elegant" Fine waist and beautiful neck ","fleshy and small bones "and other descriptions. Song Yu wrote in "The Lotito": "The eyebrows are like jade feathers, the muscles are like snow, the waist is like a plain bundle, and the teeth are like shells. "He wrote in" Goddess Fu ":the face is rich, the buds are moist, and the eyes are exquisite and beautiful. Eyebrows are connected with moths, and lips are like Dan. Cao Zhi wrote in Luo Shen Fu: Its shape is also beautiful, graceful as Youlong, glorious as autumn chrysanthemum and spring pine in Hua Mao. As if a light cloud covered the moon; Fluttering like a snow. From a distance, if the sun rises in the morning glow, it will be forced to observe, and if it burns, it will emit green waves. Then the beauty of Luo Shen's figure and appearance is described in detail with "close-up": the fiber is pleasing to the eye and the fit is shortened; If the shoulders are cut, the waist is like a vegetable; The neck is stretched to look good and the quality is exposed; Fang Ze does not add, lead is rich; Clouds, eyebrows and hearts are one; Red lips are bright outside and white teeth are fresh inside; Bright eyes and good hope help you to take power; The ring is free and easy, and the device is quiet and leisurely; Tender as water, charming language. Japanese scholar Taji Wasteland summed up the main conditions of beauty in China ancient people's minds on the basis of ancient books such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Warring States Policy, Liezi, Huainanzi and Selected Works. Young, slim, plump, shoulder-length, fair and delicate skin, bright eyebrows, long drooping ears, straight nose, red lips, teeth like Vert, thick black hair, etc. The content of China people's aesthetic concept of beauty is different from generation to generation. The images of beautiful women in the Tang Dynasty, except Wanli Wen Ya, all emphasized fullness and bodybuilding. After the Song Dynasty, the masculine beauty in the prosperous Tang Dynasty gave way to the feminine beauty in the Song Dynasty. Open-minded mind is replaced by sad and angry heart; The rich beauty of plump figure and elegant appearance gives way to exquisite beauty. The morbid beauty of women is becoming a model of female beauty. In Romance of the West Chamber, Cui Yingying is "pale pear face, light waist", "Jade skirt spends their honeymoons and embroiders golden lotus, and red tea bears jade bamboo shoots", and "waist is delicate and soft, so graceful, like weeping willows in front of Mufeng. Lin Daiyu in A Dream of Red Mansions is "Wen Jing's flowers shine beautifully on the water, and weak willows help the wind". "Since the Ming Dynasty, people began to pay attention to the complete beauty of women's bodies. Ye Xiaoluan, a talented woman in Ming Dynasty, wrote "Gorgeous Body and Julian", which chanted about women's hair, waist, feet and whole body respectively. Ye Xiaoluan's mother, Shen Yixiu, wrote Julian, which not only praised women's eyebrows, eyes, lips and hands, but also made women's physical beauty more complete. The beauty of women's hair, waist and feet recited by Ye Xiaoluan is the most important part for the literati to appreciate the beauty of women's body during the foot-binding period in Ming Dynasty. If the head, waist and feet are beautiful, the overall image of women must be beautiful. Black long hair, soft and slender waist, slender and narrow feet constitute the standard thin beauty of the Ming Dynasty. Ye Xiaoluan paid special attention to the beauty of women's overall image: Gai Wenying fell into the pool and was picturesque. Step to the curtain, spring surprises flowers. Therefore, beautiful colors are delicious and cannot be decorated with lead; You can't put on makeup when you are sad. Therefore, I feel dizzy, smile, plum blossoms float out, and my hair is gorgeous. Beautiful woman, the whole body has the overall beauty, her beauty can not be dressed up by powder and lead, but a kind of "natural carving" natural beauty; Beautiful posture, flowery cheeks and gentle smile constitute the beauty of the whole, just as the beauty of plum blossom is the beauty of five petals; More importantly, the beauty of a woman comes from excellent internal quality and cultivation, and from inner beauty. As a woman, Ye Xiaoluan, with outstanding appearance and talent, made great progress in her concept of female beauty compared with the literati at that time. She does not look at female beauty from the perspective of watching and playing with women, but regards female beauty as a perfect image of objective and harmonious overall beauty, in which natural beauty is consistent with inner beauty. This is commendable. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Wei Yong's Collection of Moon Capacity is a rare masterpiece describing female beauty. It is divided into thirteen parts: following fate, starting from the Yuan Dynasty, choosing servants, offering elegantly, Bo Gu, being realistic, meeting the times, loving, borrowing money, realizing seclusion and being broad-minded. This paper discusses the choice of beauty, beautiful living environment, indoor furnishings, indoor paintings and books of educated women, and beautiful decoration and makeup. In particular, the description of various modes of beauty is incisive. Wei Yong believes that there is no absolute and rigid standard for women's beauty and ugliness, which is people's subjective feeling. He said: "Generally speaking, women are ugly, but people please them and they are willing to accept it. Everyone enjoys this land. "The beauty and ugliness of women lies only in men's subjective hobbies. If someone likes her, her looks will become beautiful in the eyes of those who like her, and everyone will follow suit and say that this woman is outstanding. The so-called "beauty is in the eye of the beholder". Based on this understanding of the relativity of the aesthetic standard of female beauty, the author puts forward that choosing beautiful women (wives and concubines) should be "happy and never tired" And don't be demanding, don't find fault with women. Advocate women's choices to follow the fate, the most beautiful women are not easy to meet, and don't pursue them too much. " The air of heaven and earth is clear and graceful, and the golden stem and jade dew are extracted as boudoir. People who meet, if in previous lives, if in dreams, can't be separated from each other. However, this is not a chance encounter. "It's hard to meet a stunning beauty without romance, so you can't pursue her harshly." When you meet similar women, as long as they are destined, they are all good wives and concubines. "No talent for virtue, big zhen for lewd. To abandon the short and take the long, you must know that instead of buying bones to make horses, dragons are not as good as painters! " The principle of choosing wives and concubines is put forward, which advocates that we should see women's strengths, not their weaknesses. This is a very insightful point of view and a kind of respect for women. Almost, even a little ugly, as long as she thinks she is beautiful, she is a beauty. This is Wei Yong's aesthetic view. Yue Rong Bian vividly describes women's feelings, attitudes, tastes and spirits, which can be called the concentrated representative of the aesthetic taste of female beauty of feudal literati. He said: "Beauty is solemn, sacred, interesting, affectionate and intentional." Their "postures" are varied and colorful: their lips are baked in the sun, their bodies are flattering in the wind, and they are happy; The stars are faint, and the eyebrows are dizzy; Pear blossoms bring rain, cicadas show autumn skills and cry; The clouds are scattered, the chest snow is horizontal and comfortable, and the state of deep sleep; Needle down, embroidered screen inclined, lazy; Long eyebrows turn green, thin eyebrows turn red, and the state of illness. Beauty's "feelings" are also varied: it is sweet to cherish flowers and step on the moon, idle to lean on the railing, quiet to sit in a small window, gentle, ignorant and sleepless in delicate words, and infatuation to laugh at sight and cry at sight. Beauty also has various "interests": looking in the mirror, shadowing under the moon, curtain-shaped, and empty interest; In front of the lamp, cover your feet, and the tone in the account is interesting; The wine is slightly drunk, the makeup is half removed, and it is boring to go back to sleep at first; Romantic sweat, lovesick tears, sexual dreams, and fun. In addition to six states, five emotions and four interests, beautiful women have five kinds of "spirits": beautiful as flowers, cool as autumn moon, looking like jade pot ice, sleepy as nephrite, floating like tea, like smoke, and scattered and initially harvested. Wei Yong believes that "realm, emotion, interest, spirit and soul" are all beautiful. However, God is the best, interest is the second, and emotion is the second. "However, it is the most rare thing to win the heart and have a heart-to-heart talk with a beautiful woman. The so-called popularity is today's "love". True love between men and women is the most rare. Therefore, you can't have a lifetime, but you can't have a language for many years. On the contrary, when you meet, you are chasing your own business. Once separated, Wan Li cares. Thousands of pets and attentions are not thinking, but some resentment, and they have been thinking for ages. Or relatives can't, have no experience; Or not now, but after death. As the saying goes, a narrow escape is easy, but an inch of heart is difficult. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, men and women did not have the freedom to talk about love. Choosing beautiful women is just that men actively choose women, so it is difficult to get women's true love for men. In the old-fashioned marriages, the vast majority are loveless marriages, and the marriages based on love are very few. Therefore, Wei Yong lamented that a woman's heart is the most difficult. It seems that Wei Yong advocates the pursuit of pure love. He believes that "the word love can live or die, and it can also be born after death". He is a "Neo-Confucianism" rebel who opposes "reason" with emotion. Wei Yong emphasized that a beautiful woman's life is beautiful and opposed "a beautiful woman is dying". "Old pearl yellow. He said: "Beauty is young and old, and poverty is nothing more than a place to have fun. "He divides a woman's life into three stages: young, strong and semi-old, and each stage has its own beautiful characteristics." When I was young, Yingying was fifteen and Juanjuan was twenty-eight. It's golden willow, vanilla and tea before rain. It was the flower season of beauty, and it was also the most beautiful period of beauty. However, beauty has the advantage of maturity. "It is also strong, like a full moon, like a peach blossom in spring, like a peony in full bloom at noon, all arrogant and invincible." In the prime of life, women are the most mature, energetic and capable of everything. "As for the semi-old, sometimes at dusk and posture or half, pale and far-reaching, more elegant and graceful. Adjust and cherish, and consciously stabilize your heart. Like wine for a long time, like orange after frost. It is a lifelong pleasure to know that veterans are raising troops and sending troops. " When a woman is a little older, she has a different taste. When Wei Yong said beauty, he actually meant wives. He thinks that a woman is beautiful all her life, so she should stay with the woman she loves all her life, all the seasons together. From morning till night, always accompany.