The purpose of pruning in winter is to adjust the relationship between tree growth and fruiting on the basis of plastic surgery, so that the branches and vines on the shelf surface are evenly distributed and the amount of fruit is moderate, and the fruiting parts are prevented from moving out, so as to achieve the purpose of rejuvenating the tree and promoting high quality, high yield and stable yield of grapes.

2, pruning time

Pruning time generally begins in late June of 10 and ends in early October of 165438+.

3. Pruning principle

(1) defoliation pruning. That is, first frost pruned the grapes in time after defoliation.

(2) Pruning with leaves. Generally, dry plots, such as Gobi desert, coarse sandy land and gravel land, can't wait for defoliation, so the pruning task should be completed ten days before 1 1.

(3) Rough pruning. When pruning in winter, rough pruning should be carried out first, and more branches should be reserved appropriately to prevent people from injuring branches, and they should be dried when buried in spring. After the grapes are unearthed and shed in the spring of next year, they will be pruned again.

(4) Mixed pruning. Hongti grape grows vigorously, and its flower buds are at a high position. Generally, long, medium and short branches are used to prune the fruiting mother branches.

4. Pruning method

General pruning can be divided into short branch pruning (2-3 branches), middle branch pruning (4-6 branches) and long branch pruning (more than 7 branches) according to the number of buds left. Specific to each tree, pruning method is as follows:

(1) Short-branch pruning method: in order to stabilize the fruiting part, prevent the fruiting part from rising and moving out rapidly, cultivate the preparatory branches and vegetative branches, and strengthen the weak trees and branches.

(2) Mid-branch pruning method: In order to stabilize the fruiting yield, the mid-branch pruning method is often used to cultivate larger fruit ears and cultivate fruiting mother branches.

(3) Long-tip pruning method: In order to cultivate young trees, expand trees, extend branches and vines, and weaken strong trees and strong branches, long-tip pruning method is adopted.

(4) Mixed pruning: refers to the method of combining long, medium and short branches for pruning, which is the most commonly used, suitable and effective method in red grape production.

(5) Yield-controlled pruning method: refers to the pruning method of artificially controlling the grape yield according to the age and the strength of the tree. Generally, different fruiting mother branches are reserved at different ages.

(6) Updating pruning method: refers to the pruning method of updating old trees and fruiting branches year by year. Regeneration of old trees is mainly a method of re-cultivating preparatory branches from roots and gradually removing old branches to rejuvenate old trees. Regeneration of fruiting branches is a method to cultivate vegetative branches of the current year into fruiting branches of the next year while cultivating vegetative branches.

5, the problems that should be paid attention to in pruning

(1) Cutting thickness: Generally, the cutting thickness of Red Ramulus is 0.8- 1 cm, and the flower buds of branches that are too thin (below 0.6 cm) and too thick (above 1.2 cm) are poor, so the cutting thickness is 0.8- 1 cm.

(2) Cutting length: The wood of the red cuttings is loose, and the water is easy to lose from the cutting mouth after pruning, which often causes the buds at the lower part of the cutting mouth to dry up or freeze. Therefore, it is best to cut it 3-4 cm above the bud eye.

(3) Accidental injury: When pruning, we should try our best to avoid causing too many accidental injuries and damage to the tree body and the reserved main vines and branches; When layering, it is necessary to avoid artificial damage to the main vines, side vines and fruiting mother branches.

(4) Reserve seed strips: If seedlings need to be raised, carefully select seed strips during pruning and store them in time (on the same day).

(5) Burying soil for cold protection: The pruning time should not be prolonged for too long, so as to avoid nutrient loss of branches. Trimming, layering and burying should be done at any time. It is advisable to bury the soil mechanically, with a large amount and thickness.

(6) Water and winter irrigation: Water and winter irrigation should be completed before grape pruning, and sufficient water should be poured for thorough winter irrigation. After the grapes are pruned and buried in the Gobi desert, they can be watered again. (Huaihai)